使用google身份验证器实现动态口令验证

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最近有用户反应我们现有的短信+邮件验证,不安全及短信条数限制和邮件收验证码比较慢的问题,希望我们

也能做一个类似银行动态口令的验证方式。经过对可行性的分析及慎重考虑,可以实现一个这样的功能。

怎么实现呢,是自己开发一个这样的app?这样成本太高了,为了节约成本,我们使用互联网使用比较多的google

身份验证器。使用它,我们只需要开发服务端就可以了。

google身份验证器的原理是什么呢?客户端和服务器事先协商好一个密钥K,用于一次性密码的生成过程,此

密钥不被任何第三方所知道。此外,客户端和服务器各有一个计数器C,并且事先将计数值同步。进行验证时,客户端对

密钥和计数器的组合(K,C)使用HMAC(Hash-based Message Authentication Code)算法计算一次性密码,公式如下:

HOTP(K,C) = Truncate(HMAC-SHA-1(K,C))

上面采用了HMAC-SHA-1,当然也可以使用HMAC-MD5等。HMAC算法得出的值位数比较多,不方便用户输入,因

此需要截断(Truncate)成为一组不太长十进制数(例如6位)。计算完成之后客户端计数器C计数值加1。用户将这一组十

进制数输入并且提交之后,服务器端同样的计算,并且与用户提交的数值比较,如果相同,则验证通过,服务器端将计数值

C增加1。如果不相同,则验证失败。

java服务端实现代码:

package com.auth.google;import java.security.InvalidKeyException;import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;import java.security.SecureRandom;import javax.crypto.Mac;import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32;import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;/** *  *  * google身份验证器,java服务端实现 *  * @author yangbo *  * @version 创建时间:2017年8月14日 上午10:10:02 * *  */public class GoogleAuthenticator {// 生成的key长度( Generate secret key length)public static final int SECRET_SIZE = 10;public static final String SEED = "g8GjEvTbW5oVSV7avL47357438reyhreyuryetredLDVKs2m0QN7vxRs2im5MDaNCWGmcD2rvcZx";// Java实现随机数算法public static final String RANDOM_NUMBER_ALGORITHM = "SHA1PRNG";// 最多可偏移的时间int window_size = 3; // default 3 - max 17/** * set the windows size. This is an integer value representing the number of * 30 second windows we allow The bigger the window, the more tolerant of * clock skew we are. *  * @param s *            window size - must be >=1 and <=17. Other values are ignored */public void setWindowSize(int s) {if (s >= 1 && s <= 17)window_size = s;}/** * Generate a random secret key. This must be saved by the server and * associated with the users account to verify the code displayed by Google * Authenticator. The user must register this secret on their device. * 生成一个随机秘钥 *  * @return secret key */public static String generateSecretKey() {SecureRandom sr = null;try {sr = SecureRandom.getInstance(RANDOM_NUMBER_ALGORITHM);sr.setSeed(Base64.decodeBase64(SEED));byte[] buffer = sr.generateSeed(SECRET_SIZE);Base32 codec = new Base32();byte[] bEncodedKey = codec.encode(buffer);String encodedKey = new String(bEncodedKey);return encodedKey;} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {// should never occur... configuration error}return null;}/** * Return a URL that generates and displays a QR barcode. The user scans * this bar code with the Google Authenticator application on their * smartphone to register the auth code. They can also manually enter the * secret if desired *  * @param user *            user id (e.g. fflinstone) * @param host *            host or system that the code is for (e.g. myapp.com) * @param secret *            the secret that was previously generated for this user * @return the URL for the QR code to scan */public static String getQRBarcodeURL(String user, String host, String secret) {String format = "http://www.google.com/chart?chs=200x200&chld=M%%7C0&cht=qr&chl=otpauth://totp/%s@%s?secret=%s";return String.format(format, user, host, secret);}/** * 生成一个google身份验证器,识别的字符串,只需要把该方法返回值生成二维码扫描就可以了。 *  * @param user *            账号 * @param secret *            密钥 * @return */public static String getQRBarcode(String user, String secret) {String format = "otpauth://totp/%s?secret=%s";return String.format(format, user, secret);}/** * Check the code entered by the user to see if it is valid 验证code是否合法 *  * @param secret *            The users secret. * @param code *            The code displayed on the users device * @param t *            The time in msec (System.currentTimeMillis() for example) * @return */public boolean check_code(String secret, long code, long timeMsec) {Base32 codec = new Base32();byte[] decodedKey = codec.decode(secret);// convert unix msec time into a 30 second "window"// this is per the TOTP spec (see the RFC for details)long t = (timeMsec / 1000L) / 30L;// Window is used to check codes generated in the near past.// You can use this value to tune how far you're willing to go.for (int i = -window_size; i <= window_size; ++i) {long hash;try {hash = verify_code(decodedKey, t + i);} catch (Exception e) {// Yes, this is bad form - but// the exceptions thrown would be rare and a static// configuration probleme.printStackTrace();throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());// return false;}if (hash == code) {return true;}}// The validation code is invalid.return false;}private static int verify_code(byte[] key, long t) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException {byte[] data = new byte[8];long value = t;for (int i = 8; i-- > 0; value >>>= 8) {data[i] = (byte) value;}SecretKeySpec signKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "HmacSHA1");Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA1");mac.init(signKey);byte[] hash = mac.doFinal(data);int offset = hash[20 - 1] & 0xF;// We're using a long because Java hasn't got unsigned int.long truncatedHash = 0;for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {truncatedHash <<= 8;// We are dealing with signed bytes:// we just keep the first byte.truncatedHash |= (hash[offset + i] & 0xFF);}truncatedHash &= 0x7FFFFFFF;truncatedHash %= 1000000;return (int) truncatedHash;}}

测试代码:

package com.auth.google;import org.junit.Test;/** *  *  * 身份认证测试 *  * @author yangbo *  * @version 创建时间:2017年8月14日 上午11:09:23 * *  */public class AuthTest {//当测试authTest时候,把genSecretTest生成的secret值赋值给它private static String secret="R2Q3S52RNXBTFTOM";//@Testpublic void genSecretTest() {// 生成密钥 secret = GoogleAuthenticator.generateSecretKey();// 把这个qrcode生成二维码,用google身份验证器扫描二维码就能添加成功String qrcode = GoogleAuthenticator.getQRBarcode("2816661736@qq.com", secret);System.out.println("qrcode:" + qrcode + ",key:" + secret);}/** * 对app的随机生成的code,输入并验证 */ @Testpublic void verifyTest() {long code = 807337;long t = System.currentTimeMillis();GoogleAuthenticator ga = new GoogleAuthenticator();ga.setWindowSize(5); boolean r = ga.check_code(secret, code, t);System.out.println("检查code是否正确?" + r);}}

具体使用方式(ios演示):

第一步:进入iphone的appstore,在搜索框中输入google身份验证器,如下图:


选择上图中的google authenticator 并安装。

第二步:运行下面链接中下载的demo中的AuthTest的genSecretTest方法,控制台打印的结果如下图:


key:为app与服务端约定的秘钥,用于双方的认证。

qrcode:是app扫码能够识别的就是二维码值,把它生成二维码如下图:


第三步:打开google authenticator app软件选择扫描条形码按扭打开相机对二维码扫描加入账号,如下图:


第四步:把app中的数字,在AuthTest的verifyTest进行验证,如下图:


通过上面给大家分享了google身份认证器服务端key的生成和它生成的随机密码的验证。

上面使用的代码下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/download/mr_smile2014/9932769

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