为ASP.NET MVC 2.0添加Razor模板引擎 (on .NET4)

来源:互联网 发布:徐州淘宝村 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/03/28 17:30
根据ScottGu的博客记述(http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2010/07/02/introducing-razor.aspx),在未来不久将会发布一个ASP.NET MVC 3.0的Preview版本,在这个版本中可以使用多个内置的模板引擎,以它发布出来的截图来看,其中包括NHaml,Spark以及微软刚刚发布的ASP.NET Web Pages(Razor)。 ASP.NET Web Pages包含在Web Matrix中,提供了一种新的模板模式,其扩展名为 .vbhtml/.cshtml,可以使用类似以下语法来做视图显示:
@{var i = 11;}@(i+1)<br>@if (i%2==1){<p>truep>}else{<p>falsep>}
输出结果为:
12<br> <p>truep>

在不久之后Ms还会对此提供Visual Studio 高亮及智能感知支持。

这种模板如此简捷,如果能用在现有的ASP.NET MVC 2.0上做为一个模板引擎是不错的。

首先我们要安装ASP.NET Web Pages,下载地址:http://bbs.eice.com.cn/showtopic-409.aspx ,当然直接安装WebMatrix也是可以。

安装之后在IIS中就会添加对cshtml及vbhtml的支持。

安装后程序集文件会被复制到Program Files/Microsoft ASP.NET/ASP.NET Web Pages/v1.0/Assemblies目录下。

其中包括

Microsoft.Data.dllMicrosoft.Web.Infrastructure.dllMicrosoft.Webpages.Compilation.dllMicrosoft.Webpages.Configuration.dllMicrosoft.Webpages.dllMicrosoft.Webpages.Helpers.dllMicrosoft.Webpages.Helpers.Toolkit.dll

下面我们就动手对ASP.NET MVC程序添加一个Razor的模板引擎:

首先建立一个ASP.NET MVC的项目,然后对其中的Web.Config的system.web/compilation/assemblies节点上添加内容:

<add assembly="Microsoft.WebPages.Compilation, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/><add assembly="Microsoft.Data, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/><add assembly="Microsoft.WebPages.Helpers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/><add assembly="Microsoft.WebPages, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35"/>


并对system.web/compilation/buildProviders添加内容:

<add extension=".cshtml" type="Microsoft.WebPages.Compilation.InlinePageBuildProvider" />

 

并引用相应的

Microsoft.Data.dll Microsoft.Webpages.dll Microsoft.Webpages.Helpers.dll Microsoft.Webpages.Compilation.dll 

几个文件

准备工作做好了,下面就来实现相应的模板引擎,我们先来实现一个IView对象:

public class WebPageView : IView    {        public WebPageView(string viewPath)            : this(viewPath, null)        {        }        public WebPageView(string viewPath, string masterPath)        {            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(viewPath))            {                throw new ArgumentException("viewPath can't null", "viewPath");            }            this.ViewPath = viewPath;            this.MasterPath = masterPath ?? string.Empty;        }        public virtual void Render(ViewContext viewContext, TextWriter writer)        {            if (viewContext == null)            {                throw new ArgumentNullException("viewContext");            }            WebPage page = WebPage.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath(this.ViewPath);//load cshtml file            if (page == null)            {                throw new InvalidOperationException("cshtml file not exists");            }            else            {                this.RenderViewPage(viewContext, page);            }        }        private void RenderViewPage(ViewContext context, WebPage page)        {            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.MasterPath))            {                page.LayoutPage = this.MasterPath;            }            page.VirtualPath = this.ViewPath;            page.ExecutePageHierarchy(CreatePageContext(context)                , context.HttpContext.Response.Output, null);            //execute cshtml file        }        internal static WebPageContext CreatePageContext(ViewContext content)        {            var pc = new WebPageContext();            var t = pc.GetType();            t.InvokeMember("HttpContext", BindingFlags.SetProperty | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance                , null, pc, new[] { content.HttpContext });            t.InvokeMember("ViewContext", BindingFlags.SetProperty                | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance                , null, pc, new[] { content });            return pc;        }        /// Gets or sets the master path.        /// The master path.        public string MasterPath { get; private set; }        /// Gets or sets the view path.        /// The view path.        public string ViewPath { get; private set; }    }

 

然后我们再来实现一个IViewEngine对象:

    ///     /// WebPage View Engine    ///     class WebPageEngine : VirtualPathProviderViewEngine    {               public WebPageEngine()        {            // how to find the template path            base.MasterLocationFormats = new string[] {                 "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",                 "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml"             };            base.AreaMasterLocationFormats = new string[] {                 "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",                 "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml"            };            base.ViewLocationFormats = new string[] {                 "~/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",                "~/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml"            };            base.AreaViewLocationFormats = new string[] {                 "~/Areas/{2}/Views/{1}/{0}.cshtml",                 "~/Areas/{2}/Views/Shared/{0}.cshtml"             };            base.PartialViewLocationFormats = base.ViewLocationFormats;            base.AreaPartialViewLocationFormats = base.AreaViewLocationFormats;        }        protected override IView CreatePartialView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string partialPath)        {            return new WebPageView(partialPath, null);        }        protected override IView CreateView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewPath, string masterPath)        {            return new WebPageView(viewPath, masterPath);        }    }

 

这样我们就实现了Razor的模板引擎了,我们只要在Global.asax中将模板引擎添加进去:

        protected void Application_Start()        {            AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();            RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);            ViewEngines.Engines.Clear();            ViewEngines.Engines.Add(new WebPageEngine());        }

 

并且将Global的基类改为WebPageHttpApplication:

public class MvcApplication : WebPageHttpApplication{//...}

这样整个程序就可以工作了

我们在Views/Home下添加一个Index.cshtml:

@Html.ActionLink("Home","index","User")
@ViewData["Message"]

 

这样在我们访问/Home/Index的时候就可以得到ASP.NET MVC默认工程的HomeController.Index所生成的页面了:

Home


欢迎使用 ASP.NET MVC!

 

可见在这个模板引擎中,先天对ASP.NET MVC有良好的支持,本身已经集成了Helper、ViewData等诸多ASP.NET MVC的特性。

让我们期待ASP.NET MVC 3.0及Razor对VS的支持吧

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