set constraints all deferred|immediate的作用

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这个跟你添加约束的时候有关，约束有三个选项：
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
DEFERRABLE INITIALLY IMMEDIATE
NOT DEFERRABLE
默认的话是第三种，而第三中是immediate的，并不受set constraint影响

例如：
以一般方式添加的约束
SQL> create table t1(a int);

Table created.

SQL> alter table t1 add constraint pk unique(a);

Table altered.

SQL> select deferrable from dba_constraints where owner='GOWIN' and constraint_n
ame='PK';

DEFERRABLE
--------------
NOT DEFERRABLE

SQL> create or replace procedure tes
  2  as
  3  begin
  4 insert into t1 values (1);
  5 insert into t1 values (1);
  6  end;
  7  /

Procedure created.

SQL> set constraints all deferred;

constraint set.

SQL> exec tes
BEGIN tes; END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (GOWIN.PK) violated
ORA-06512: at "GOWIN.TES", line 5
ORA-06512: at line 1

然后以另两种方式中的一种添加约束的方式
SQL> drop table t1;

Table dropped.

SQL> create table t1(a int);

Table created.

SQL> alter table t1 add constraint pk unique(a) DEFERRABLE initially deferred;

Table altered.

SQL> select deferrable from dba_constraints where owner='GOWIN' and constraint_n
ame='PK';

DEFERRABLE
--------------
DEFERRABLE

SQL> create or replace procedure tes
  2  as
  3  begin
  4 insert into t1 values (1);
  5 insert into t1 values (1);
  6  end;
  7  /

Procedure created.

SQL> exec tes

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select * from t1;

      A
----------
      1
      1

SQL> commit;
commit
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
ORA-00001: unique constraint (GOWIN.PK) violated