创建 使用和删除PostgreSQL数据库的视图

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使用以下的SQL命令来创建三个示例表格:

test=# CREATE TABLE stories (id INT, title VARCHAR, time TIMESTAMP);

 

test=# CREATE TABLE authors (id INT, name VARCHAR);

 

test=# CREATE TABLE stories_authors_link (story INT, author INT);

以上命令创建了三个表:一个用于小说标题、一个用于作者姓名,还有一个用于作者与小说的映射。使用列表A中的代码向表格中填充记录:

列表A:

test=# INSERT INTO authors VALUES (1, 'John Doe');

  test=# INSERT INTO authors VALUES (2, 'James White');

  test=# INSERT INTO authors VALUES (3, 'Ellen Sue');

  test=# INSERT INTO authors VALUES (4, 'Gina Haggelstrom');

  test=# INSERT INTO authors VALUES (5, 'Jane Ki');

  test=# INSERT INTO stories VALUES

  (100, 'All Tied Up', '2005-04-01 12:37:00');

  test=# INSERT INTO stories VALUES

  (112, 'Into Thin Air...', '2005-04-02 06:54:12');

  test=# INSERT INTO stories VALUES

  (127, 'The Oxford Blues', '2005-06-12 18:01:43');

  test=# INSERT INTO stories VALUES

  (128, 'Crash!', '2005-03-27 09:12:17');

  test=# INSERT INTO stories VALUES

  (276, 'Memories Of Malgudi', '2005-06-09 23:35:57');

  test=# INSERT INTO stories VALUES

  (289, 'The Big Surprise', '2005-05-30 08:21:02');

  test=# INSERT INTO stories VALUES

  (301, 'Indians and The Cowboy', '2005-04-16 11:19:28');

  test=# INSERT INTO stories_authors_link VALUES (112, 2);

  test=# INSERT INTO stories_authors_link VALUES (127, 1);

  test=# INSERT INTO stories_authors_link VALUES (128, 5);

  test=# INSERT INTO stories_authors_link VALUES (276, 5);

  test=# INSERT INTO stories_authors_link VALUES (289, 3);

  test=# INSERT INTO stories_authors_link VALUES (301, 5);

  test=# INSERT INTO stories_authors_link VALUES (100, 1);

下一步,假设我们要获取一份关于小说及其作者的完整报告,这最好是通过连接三个表的公用字段来实现,如列表B所示:

列表B:

test=# SELECT s.title, a.name, s.time

  test-# FROM stories AS s, authors AS a, stories_authors_link AS sa

  test-# WHERE s.id = sa.story

  test-# AND a.id = sa.author

  test-# ORDER BY s.time

  test-# DESC;

  title|name|time

  ------------------------+-------------+---------------------

  The Oxford Blues| John Doe| 2005-06-12 18:01:43

  Memories Of Malgudi| Jane Ki| 2005-06-09 23:35:57

  The Big Surprise| Ellen Sue| 2005-05-30 08:21:02

  Indians and The Cowboy | Jane Ki| 2005-04-16 11:19:28

  Into Thin Air...| James White | 2005-04-02 06:54:12

  All Tied Up| John Doe| 2005-04-01 12:37:00

  Crash!| Jane Ki| 2005-03-27 09:12:17

  (7 rows)

  很显然,如果一而再,再而三地输入这么长的查询是非常无效的,

   因此,将查询存储为视图是很有意义的,您可以这样做:

  test=# CREATE VIEW myview

  AS SELECT s.title, a.name, s.time

  FROM stories AS s, authors AS a, stories_authors_link

  AS sa WHERE s.id = sa.story

  AND a.id = sa.author ORDER BY s.time DESC;

创建一个视图的语法是CREATE VIEW name AS query,这将在数据库中以name为名称来存储query字符串的查询,您可以通过dv命令来检查输出,如下所示:

test=# dv

 

List of relations

 

Schema | Name | Type | Owner

 

--------+--------+------+-------

 

public | myview | view | pgsql

 

(1 row)

如果要重复使用一个视图,可以运行一个SELECT查询,就像一个正常的表一样,如列表C所示:

列表C:

  test=# SELECT * FROM myview;

  title|name|time

  ------------------------+-------------+-------------

  The Oxford Blues| John Doe| 2005-06-12 18:01:43

  Memories Of Malgudi| Jane Ki| 2005-06-09 23:35:57

  The Big Surprise| Ellen Sue| 2005-05-30 08:21:02

  Indians and The Cowboy | Jane Ki| 2005-04-16 11:19:28

  Into Thin Air...| James White | 2005-04-02 06:54:12

  All Tied Up| John Doe| 2005-04-01 12:37:00

  Crash!| Jane Ki| 2005-03-27 09:12:17

  (7 rows)

如列表C所示:从视图中进行选择实际上运行了原有的存储查询,很自然地,您可以在SELECT语句中使用SQL操作符来操作一个视图的输出,可以参考列表D中的示例。

列表D:

  test=# SELECT title, name FROM myview LIMIT 3;

  title|name

  ---------------------+-----------

  The Oxford Blues| John Doe

  Memories Of Malgudi | Jane Ki

  The Big Surprise| Ellen Sue

  (3 rows)

  验证原有的视图已经不存在可以通过dv命令的输出来检查:

  test=# dv

  No relations found.

注释:与以上的例子相同,视图提供了一个简便快捷的方式来完成经常使用的SELECT查询,而且还可以简单地获取相同数据的不同视角。