string to integer (atoi)

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

Input Validdation:

1. starts by '  '

2. followed possible spaces should be '+/-', and no space is allowed later

3. after the single +/-, only 0-9

4. must take care of INT overflow

class Solution {public:    int atoi(const char *str) {        // Note: The Solution object is instantiated only once and is reused by each test case.        if(str==NULL)            return 0;                int flag=1;        long long val=0;        const char *p=str;                        for(int i=0; *p!='\0' ; p++)//i>0 only if a 0-9 appears        {            if( i==0 && (*p=='+' || *p=='-') )//' 'is only allowed before '+/-            {                i++;                if(*p=='-') flag=-1;                continue;            }            else if(i==0 && *p==' ') continue;                       if(*p<'0' || *p>'9')            {                //invalid input, then return the current valid number                return (int)val*flag;            }            else{                val=(long long)10*val+(long long)(*p-'0');                                if(val > INT_MAX && flag==1)                     return INT_MAX; //check whether overflow int. If is, return INT_MAX                else if(val > INT_MAX)                    return INT_MIN;                                    i++;            }        }                return (int)val*flag;    }};