c语言跨平台的实用技巧

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c语言在发展的历程中经历了c89和c99两个标准，为了实现c语言的跨平台的优点，就是在windows和Linux以及Unix上都可以执行，就需要进行一些跨平台的技巧了，但是不但c语言的标准多种多样，并且c语言的编译器也有很多种，gcc，lcc，vc++等，比如：对于int型有的编译器赋予4个字节，有的赋予2个字节。再次我给大家介绍一个好的技巧，就是inttypes.h头文件，这个头文件一般在编译器里边都有，#include<inttypes.h>以后就可以直接根据字节数目来定义变量而不是通过其他的.

以下是这个头文件在gcc编译器的代码，其他的类似

bash-3.00$ vi int_types.h
"int_types.h" [Read only] 176 lines, 4367 characters
/*
* Use is subject to license terms.
*/
#ifndef _SYS_INT_TYPES_H
#define _SYS_INT_TYPES_H
#pragma ident "@(#)int_types.h 1.10 04/09/28 SMI"
/*
* This file, <sys/int_types.h>, is part of the Sun Microsystems implementation
* of <inttypes.h> defined in the ISO C standard, ISO/IEC 9899:1999
* Programming language - C.
*
* Programs/Modules should not directly include this file. Access to the
* types defined in this file should be through the inclusion of one of the
* following files:
*
* <sys/types.h> Provides only the "_t" types defined in this
* file which is a subset of the contents of
* <inttypes.h>. (This can be appropriate for
* all programs/modules except those claiming
* ANSI-C conformance.)
*
* <sys/inttypes.h> Provides the Kernel and Driver appropriate
* components of <inttypes.h>.
*
* <inttypes.h> For use by applications.
*
* See these files for more details.
*/
#include <sys/feature_tests.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/*
* Basic / Extended integer types
*
* The following defines the basic fixed-size integer types.
*
* Implementations are free to typedef them to Standard C integer types or
* extensions that they support. If an implementation does not support one
* of the particular integer data types below, then it should not define the
* typedefs and macros corresponding to that data type. Note that int8_t
* is not defined in -Xs mode on ISAs for which the ABI specifies "char"
* as an unsigned entity because there is no way to define an eight bit
* signed integral.
*/
#if defined(_CHAR_IS_SIGNED)
typedef char int8_t;
#else
#if defined(__STDC__)
typedef signed char int8_t;
#endif
#endif
typedef short int16_t;
typedef int int32_t;
#ifdef _LP64
#define _INT64_TYPE
typedef long int64_t;
#else /* _ILP32 */
#if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
#define _INT64_TYPE
typedef long long int64_t;
#endif
#endif
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
#ifdef _LP64
typedef unsigned long uint64_t;
#else /* _ILP32 */
#if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
typedef unsigned long long uint64_t;
#endif
#endif
/*
* intmax_t and uintmax_t are to be the longest (in number of bits) signed
* and unsigned integer types supported by the implementation.
*/
#if defined(_INT64_TYPE)
typedef int64_t intmax_t;
typedef uint64_t uintmax_t;
#else
typedef int32_t intmax_t;
typedef uint32_t uintmax_t;
#endif
/*
* intptr_t and uintptr_t are signed and unsigned integer types large enough
* to hold any data pointer; that is, data pointers can be assigned into or
* from these integer types without losing precision.
*/
#if defined(_LP64) || defined(_I32LPx)
typedef long intptr_t;
typedef unsigned long uintptr_t;
#else
typedef int intptr_t;
typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;
#endif
/*
* The following define the fastest integer types that can hold the
* specified number of bits.
*/
#if defined(_CHAR_IS_SIGNED)
typedef char int_fast8_t;
#else
#if defined(__STDC__)
typedef signed char int_fast8_t;
#endif
#endif
typedef int int_fast16_t;
typedef int int_fast32_t;
#ifdef _LP64
typedef long int_fast64_t;
#else /* _ILP32 */
#if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
typedef long long int_fast64_t;
#endif
#endif
typedef unsigned char uint_fast8_t;
typedef unsigned int uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint_fast32_t;
#ifdef _LP64
typedef unsigned long uint_fast64_t;
#else /* _ILP32 */
#if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
typedef unsigned long long uint_fast64_t;
#endif
#endif
/*
* The following define the smallest integer types that can hold the
* specified number of bits.
*/
#if defined(_CHAR_IS_SIGNED)
typedef char int_least8_t;
#else
#if defined(__STDC__)
typedef signed char int_least8_t;
#endif
#endif
typedef short int_least16_t;
typedef int int_least32_t;
#ifdef _LP64
typedef long int_least64_t;
#else /* _ILP32 */
#if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
typedef long long int_least64_t;
#endif
#endif
typedef unsigned char uint_least8_t;
typedef unsigned short uint_least16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint_least32_t;
#ifdef _LP64
typedef unsigned long uint_least64_t;
#else /* _ILP32 */
#if defined(_LONGLONG_TYPE)
typedef unsigned long long uint_least64_t;
#endif
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* _SYS_INT_TYPES_H */

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