html5烟花绽放效果

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今天来看一个利用canvas+javascript实现的烟花绽放效果，大家可以到我的codepen看看DEMO，在线观看或是下载研究，悉听尊便。

首先来看看html，里面就放了一个canvas对象。

<!-- setup our canvas element --><canvas id="canvas">Canvas is not supported in your browser.</canvas>

css文件

body {background: #000;margin: 0;}canvas {cursor: crosshair;display: block;}

接着是JS，首先使用“RequestAnimationFrame”实现动画，可以有效解决setTimeout和setInterval的浪费CPU问题。关于RequestAnimationFrame方法的特性和优势，大家可以参考以下几篇文章。

CSS-Tricks上的《Using requestAnimationFrame》

Treehouse Blog上的《Efficient Animations with requestAnimationFrame》

W3c的候选推荐标准《Timing control for script-based animations》

以及Erik Möller提供的polyfill（在旧版浏览器上模拟标准 API 的 JavaScript 补充）。

// http://paulirish.com/2011/requestanimationframe-for-smart-animating/// http://my.opera.com/emoller/blog/2011/12/20/requestanimationframe-for-smart-er-animating// requestAnimationFrame polyfill by Erik Möller. fixes from Paul Irish and Tino Zijdel// MIT license (function() {    var lastTime = 0;    var vendors = ['ms', 'moz', 'webkit', 'o'];    for(var x = 0; x < vendors.length && !window.requestAnimationFrame; ++x) {        window.requestAnimationFrame = window[vendors[x]+'RequestAnimationFrame'];        window.cancelAnimationFrame = window[vendors[x]+'CancelAnimationFrame']                                    || window[vendors[x]+'CancelRequestAnimationFrame'];    }     if (!window.requestAnimationFrame)        window.requestAnimationFrame = function(callback, element) {            var currTime = new Date().getTime();            var timeToCall = Math.max(0, 16 - (currTime - lastTime));            var id = window.setTimeout(function() { callback(currTime + timeToCall); },               timeToCall);            lastTime = currTime + timeToCall;            return id;        };     if (!window.cancelAnimationFrame)        window.cancelAnimationFrame = function(id) {            clearTimeout(id);        };}());

本案例需要两个类烟花沫粒子和烟花。首先来看烟花沫类

// create particlefunction Particle( x, y ) {this.x = x;this.y = y;// track the past coordinates of each particle to create a trail effect, increase the coordinate count to create more prominent trailsthis.coordinates = [];this.coordinateCount = 5;while( this.coordinateCount-- ) {this.coordinates.push( [ this.x, this.y ] );}// set a random angle in all possible directions, in radiansthis.angle = random( 0, Math.PI * 2 );this.speed = random( 1, 10 );// friction will slow the particle downthis.friction = 0.95;// gravity will be applied and pull the particle downthis.gravity = 1;// set the hue to a random number +-20 of the overall hue variablethis.hue = random( hue - 20, hue + 20 );this.brightness = random( 50, 80 );this.alpha = 1;// set how fast the particle fades outthis.decay = random( 0.015, 0.03 );}// update particleParticle.prototype.update = function( index ) {// remove last item in coordinates arraythis.coordinates.pop();// add current coordinates to the start of the arraythis.coordinates.unshift( [ this.x, this.y ] );// slow down the particlethis.speed *= this.friction;// apply velocitythis.x += Math.cos( this.angle ) * this.speed;this.y += Math.sin( this.angle ) * this.speed + this.gravity;// fade out the particlethis.alpha -= this.decay;// remove the particle once the alpha is low enough, based on the passed in indexif( this.alpha <= this.decay ) {particles.splice( index, 1 );}}// draw particleParticle.prototype.draw = function() {ctx. beginPath();// move to the last tracked coordinates in the set, then draw a line to the current x and yctx.moveTo( this.coordinates[ this.coordinates.length - 1 ][ 0 ], this.coordinates[ this.coordinates.length - 1 ][ 1 ] );ctx.lineTo( this.x, this.y );ctx.strokeStyle = 'hsla(' + this.hue + ', 100%, ' + this.brightness + '%, ' + this.alpha + ')';ctx.stroke();}

生成粒子的函数

// create particle group/explosionfunction createParticles( x, y ) {// increase the particle count for a bigger explosion, beware of the canvas performance hit with the increased particles thoughvar particleCount = 30;while( particleCount-- ) {particles.push( new Particle( x, y ) );}}

烟花类

// create fireworkfunction Firework( sx, sy, tx, ty ) {// actual coordinatesthis.x = sx;this.y = sy;// starting coordinatesthis.sx = sx;this.sy = sy;// target coordinatesthis.tx = tx;this.ty = ty;// distance from starting point to targetthis.distanceToTarget = calculateDistance( sx, sy, tx, ty );this.distanceTraveled = 0;// track the past coordinates of each firework to create a trail effect, increase the coordinate count to create more prominent trailsthis.coordinates = [];this.coordinateCount = 3;// populate initial coordinate collection with the current coordinateswhile( this.coordinateCount-- ) {this.coordinates.push( [ this.x, this.y ] );}this.angle = Math.atan2( ty - sy, tx - sx );this.speed = 2;this.acceleration = 1.05;this.brightness = random( 50, 70 );// circle target indicator radiusthis.targetRadius = 1;}// update fireworkFirework.prototype.update = function( index ) {// remove last item in coordinates arraythis.coordinates.pop();// add current coordinates to the start of the arraythis.coordinates.unshift( [ this.x, this.y ] );// cycle the circle target indicator radiusif( this.targetRadius < 8 ) {this.targetRadius += 0.3;} else {this.targetRadius = 1;}// speed up the fireworkthis.speed *= this.acceleration;// get the current velocities based on angle and speedvar vx = Math.cos( this.angle ) * this.speed,    vy = Math.sin( this.angle ) * this.speed;// how far will the firework have traveled with velocities applied?this.distanceTraveled = calculateDistance( this.sx, this.sy, this.x + vx, this.y + vy );// if the distance traveled, including velocities, is greater than the initial distance to the target, then the target has been reachedif( this.distanceTraveled >= this.distanceToTarget ) {createParticles( this.tx, this.ty );// remove the firework, use the index passed into the update function to determine which to removefireworks.splice( index, 1 );} else {// target not reached, keep travelingthis.x += vx;this.y += vy;}}// draw fireworkFirework.prototype.draw = function() {ctx.beginPath();// move to the last tracked coordinate in the set, then draw a line to the current x and yctx.moveTo( this.coordinates[ this.coordinates.length - 1][ 0 ], this.coordinates[ this.coordinates.length - 1][ 1 ] );ctx.lineTo( this.x, this.y );ctx.strokeStyle = 'hsl(' + hue + ', 100%, ' + this.brightness + '%)';ctx.stroke();ctx.beginPath();// draw the target for this firework with a pulsing circlectx.arc( this.tx, this.ty, this.targetRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2 );ctx.stroke();}

定义好了主要的类，我们来设置一些常见的变量和函数。

// now we will setup our basic variables for the demovar canvas = document.getElementById( 'canvas' ),ctx = canvas.getContext( '2d' ),// full screen dimensionscw = window.innerWidth,ch = window.innerHeight,// firework collectionfireworks = [],// particle collectionparticles = [],// starting huehue = 120,// when launching fireworks with a click, too many get launched at once without a limiter, one launch per 5 loop tickslimiterTotal = 5,limiterTick = 0,// this will time the auto launches of fireworks, one launch per 80 loop tickstimerTotal = 80,timerTick = 0,mousedown = false,// mouse x coordinate,mx,// mouse y coordinatemy;// set canvas dimensionscanvas.width = cw;canvas.height = ch;// now we are going to setup our function placeholders for the entire demo// get a random number within a rangefunction random( min, max ) {return Math.random() * ( max - min ) + min;}// calculate the distance between two pointsfunction calculateDistance( p1x, p1y, p2x, p2y ) {var xDistance = p1x - p2x,yDistance = p1y - p2y;return Math.sqrt( Math.pow( xDistance, 2 ) + Math.pow( yDistance, 2 ) );}

不断释放烟花的函数，需要利用RequestAnimationFrame不断地执行函数。

// main demo loopfunction loop() {// this function will run endlessly with requestAnimationFramerequestAnimFrame( loop );// increase the hue to get different colored fireworks over timehue += 0.5;// normally, clearRect() would be used to clear the canvas// we want to create a trailing effect though// setting the composite operation to destination-out will allow us to clear the canvas at a specific opacity, rather than wiping it entirelyctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-out';// decrease the alpha property to create more prominent trailsctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)';ctx.fillRect( 0, 0, cw, ch );// change the composite operation back to our main mode// lighter creates bright highlight points as the fireworks and particles overlap each otherctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'lighter';// loop over each firework, draw it, update itvar i = fireworks.length;while( i-- ) {fireworks[ i ].draw();fireworks[ i ].update( i );}// loop over each particle, draw it, update itvar i = particles.length;while( i-- ) {particles[ i ].draw();particles[ i ].update( i );}// launch fireworks automatically to random coordinates, when the mouse isn't downif( timerTick >= timerTotal ) {if( !mousedown ) {// start the firework at the bottom middle of the screen, then set the random target coordinates, the random y coordinates will be set within the range of the top half of the screenfireworks.push( new Firework( cw / 2, ch, random( 0, cw ), random( 0, ch / 2 ) ) );timerTick = 0;}} else {timerTick++;}// limit the rate at which fireworks get launched when mouse is downif( limiterTick >= limiterTotal ) {if( mousedown ) {// start the firework at the bottom middle of the screen, then set the current mouse coordinates as the targetfireworks.push( new Firework( cw / 2, ch, mx, my ) );limiterTick = 0;}} else {limiterTick++;}}

绑定鼠标事件

// mouse event bindings// update the mouse coordinates on mousemovecanvas.addEventListener( 'mousemove', function( e ) {mx = e.pageX - canvas.offsetLeft;my = e.pageY - canvas.offsetTop;});// toggle mousedown state and prevent canvas from being selectedcanvas.addEventListener( 'mousedown', function( e ) {e.preventDefault();mousedown = true;});canvas.addEventListener( 'mouseup', function( e ) {e.preventDefault();mousedown = false;});

在窗口加载完毕，单击鼠标前，我们也需要一些烟花

// once the window loads, we are ready for some fireworks!window.onload = loop;

完毕。

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