二维码
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我在项目中用到了二维码扫描的技术,用的是Google提供的ZXing开源项目,它提供二维码和条形码的扫描。扫描条形码就是直接读取条形码的内容,扫描二维码是按照自己指定的二维码格式进行编码和解码。
可以到http://code.google.com/p/zxing/下载ZXing项目的源码,然后按照官方文档进行开发,我这里使用的ZXing是经过简化版的,去除了一些一般使用不必要的文件,项目工程截图如下:
其中encoding包是我在它的基础上自己加上去的,功能是根据传入的字符串来生成二维码图片,返回一个Bitmap,其余的包是ZXing项目自带的。另外对扫描界面的布局我也进行了修改,官方的扫描界面是横向的,我改成了纵向的,并加入了顶部的Tab和取消按钮(camera.xml),另外还需要的一些文件是colors.xml、ids.xml,这些都是原本ZXing项目中自带的,最后就是libs下面的jar包。
先来看看最后的效果:
首先是根据输入的字符串生成二维码图片(左图),然后扫描二维码图片可以在界面上显示扫描结果(右图):
点击Open Camera按钮代开扫描框(左图),扫描条形码结果如下(右图):
接下来看如何使用,首先是把ZXing项目中的一些文件拷贝到我们自己的项目中,然后在Mainifest文件中进行配置权限:
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
- <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
- <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
- <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />
- <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />
还有就是扫描界面Activity的配置:
- <activity
- android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"
- android:name="com.zxing.activity.CaptureActivity"
- android:screenOrientation="portrait"
- android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen"
- android:windowSoftInputMode="stateAlwaysHidden" >
- </activity>
- <activity
- android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden"
- android:name="com.zxing.activity.CaptureActivity"
- android:screenOrientation="portrait"
- android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen"
- android:windowSoftInputMode="stateAlwaysHidden" >
- </activity>
<activity android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden" android:name="com.zxing.activity.CaptureActivity" android:screenOrientation="portrait" android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen" android:windowSoftInputMode="stateAlwaysHidden" > </activity>
接下来是我自己项目的布局文件:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:background="@android:color/white"
- android:orientation="vertical" >
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn_scan_barcode"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
- android:text="Open camera" />
- <LinearLayout
- android:orientation="horizontal"
- android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content">
- <TextView
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textColor="@android:color/black"
- android:textSize="18sp"
- android:text="Scan result:" />
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_scan_result"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:textSize="18sp"
- android:textColor="@android:color/black"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
- </LinearLayout>
- <EditText
- android:id="@+id/et_qr_string"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
- android:hint="Input the text"/>
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn_add_qrcode"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="Generate QRcode" />
- <ImageView
- android:id="@+id/iv_qr_image"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
- android:layout_gravity="center"/>
- </LinearLayout>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:background="@android:color/white"
- android:orientation="vertical" >
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn_scan_barcode"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
- android:text="Open camera" />
- <LinearLayout
- android:orientation="horizontal"
- android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content">
- <TextView
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textColor="@android:color/black"
- android:textSize="18sp"
- android:text="Scan result:" />
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_scan_result"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:textSize="18sp"
- android:textColor="@android:color/black"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
- </LinearLayout>
- <EditText
- android:id="@+id/et_qr_string"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
- android:hint="Input the text"/>
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn_add_qrcode"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="Generate QRcode" />
- <ImageView
- android:id="@+id/iv_qr_image"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
- android:layout_gravity="center"/>
- </LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:background="@android:color/white" android:orientation="vertical" > <Button android:id="@+id/btn_scan_barcode" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="30dp" android:text="Open camera" /> <LinearLayout android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="@android:color/black" android:textSize="18sp" android:text="Scan result:" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv_scan_result" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:textSize="18sp" android:textColor="@android:color/black" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </LinearLayout> <EditText android:id="@+id/et_qr_string" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="30dp" android:hint="Input the text"/> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_add_qrcode" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Generate QRcode" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/iv_qr_image" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:layout_gravity="center"/></LinearLayout>
下面是主Activity的代码,主要功能是打开扫描框、显示扫描结果、根据输入的字符串生成二维码图片:
- public class BarCodeTestActivity extends Activity {
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- private TextView resultTextView;
- private EditText qrStrEditText;
- private ImageView qrImgImageView;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- resultTextView = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.tv_scan_result);
- qrStrEditText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.et_qr_string);
- qrImgImageView = (ImageView) this.findViewById(R.id.iv_qr_image);
- Button scanBarCodeButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_scan_barcode);
- scanBarCodeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- //打开扫描界面扫描条形码或二维码
- Intent openCameraIntent = new Intent(BarCodeTestActivity.this,CaptureActivity.class);
- startActivityForResult(openCameraIntent, 0);
- }
- });
- Button generateQRCodeButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_add_qrcode);
- generateQRCodeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- try {
- String contentString = qrStrEditText.getText().toString();
- if (!contentString.equals("")) {
- //根据字符串生成二维码图片并显示在界面上,第二个参数为图片的大小(350*350)
- Bitmap qrCodeBitmap = EncodingHandler.createQRCode(contentString, 350);
- qrImgImageView.setImageBitmap(qrCodeBitmap);
- }else {
- Toast.makeText(BarCodeTestActivity.this, "Text can not be empty", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- } catch (WriterException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- @Override
- protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
- super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
- //处理扫描结果(在界面上显示)
- if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
- Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();
- String scanResult = bundle.getString("result");
- resultTextView.setText(scanResult);
- }
- }
- }
- public class BarCodeTestActivity extends Activity {
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- private TextView resultTextView;
- private EditText qrStrEditText;
- private ImageView qrImgImageView;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- resultTextView = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.tv_scan_result);
- qrStrEditText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.et_qr_string);
- qrImgImageView = (ImageView) this.findViewById(R.id.iv_qr_image);
- Button scanBarCodeButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_scan_barcode);
- scanBarCodeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- //打开扫描界面扫描条形码或二维码
- Intent openCameraIntent = new Intent(BarCodeTestActivity.this,CaptureActivity.class);
- startActivityForResult(openCameraIntent, 0);
- }
- });
- Button generateQRCodeButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_add_qrcode);
- generateQRCodeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- try {
- String contentString = qrStrEditText.getText().toString();
- if (!contentString.equals("")) {
- //根据字符串生成二维码图片并显示在界面上,第二个参数为图片的大小(350*350)
- Bitmap qrCodeBitmap = EncodingHandler.createQRCode(contentString, 350);
- qrImgImageView.setImageBitmap(qrCodeBitmap);
- }else {
- Toast.makeText(BarCodeTestActivity.this, "Text can not be empty", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- } catch (WriterException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- @Override
- protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
- super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
- //处理扫描结果(在界面上显示)
- if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
- Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();
- String scanResult = bundle.getString("result");
- resultTextView.setText(scanResult);
- }
- }
- }
public class BarCodeTestActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */private TextView resultTextView;private EditText qrStrEditText;private ImageView qrImgImageView; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); resultTextView = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.tv_scan_result); qrStrEditText = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.et_qr_string); qrImgImageView = (ImageView) this.findViewById(R.id.iv_qr_image); Button scanBarCodeButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_scan_barcode); scanBarCodeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {//打开扫描界面扫描条形码或二维码Intent openCameraIntent = new Intent(BarCodeTestActivity.this,CaptureActivity.class);startActivityForResult(openCameraIntent, 0);}}); Button generateQRCodeButton = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn_add_qrcode); generateQRCodeButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {try {String contentString = qrStrEditText.getText().toString();if (!contentString.equals("")) {//根据字符串生成二维码图片并显示在界面上,第二个参数为图片的大小(350*350)Bitmap qrCodeBitmap = EncodingHandler.createQRCode(contentString, 350);qrImgImageView.setImageBitmap(qrCodeBitmap);}else {Toast.makeText(BarCodeTestActivity.this, "Text can not be empty", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}} catch (WriterException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}}); }@Overrideprotected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);//处理扫描结果(在界面上显示)if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();String scanResult = bundle.getString("result");resultTextView.setText(scanResult);}}}
其中生成二维码图片的代码在EncodingHandler.java中:
- public final class EncodingHandler {
- private static final int BLACK = 0xff000000;
- public static Bitmap createQRCode(String str,int widthAndHeight) throws WriterException {
- Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String>();
- hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
- BitMatrix matrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(str,
- BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, widthAndHeight, widthAndHeight);
- int width = matrix.getWidth();
- int height = matrix.getHeight();
- int[] pixels = new int[width * height];
- for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
- for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
- if (matrix.get(x, y)) {
- pixels[y * width + x] = BLACK;
- }
- }
- }
- Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height,
- Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
- bitmap.setPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height);
- return bitmap;
- }
- }
- public final class EncodingHandler {
- private static final int BLACK = 0xff000000;
- public static Bitmap createQRCode(String str,int widthAndHeight) throws WriterException {
- Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String>();
- hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8");
- BitMatrix matrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(str,
- BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, widthAndHeight, widthAndHeight);
- int width = matrix.getWidth();
- int height = matrix.getHeight();
- int[] pixels = new int[width * height];
- for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
- for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
- if (matrix.get(x, y)) {
- pixels[y * width + x] = BLACK;
- }
- }
- }
- Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height,
- Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
- bitmap.setPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height);
- return bitmap;
- }
- }
public final class EncodingHandler {private static final int BLACK = 0xff000000;public static Bitmap createQRCode(String str,int widthAndHeight) throws WriterException {Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, String>(); hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "utf-8"); BitMatrix matrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(str,BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, widthAndHeight, widthAndHeight);int width = matrix.getWidth();int height = matrix.getHeight();int[] pixels = new int[width * height];for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {if (matrix.get(x, y)) {pixels[y * width + x] = BLACK;}}}Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height,Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);bitmap.setPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height);return bitmap;}}
最后是在哪里对扫描结果进行解码,进入CaptureActivity.java找到下面这个方法便可以对自己对结果进行操作:
- /**
- * Handler scan result
- * @param result
- * @param barcode
- */
- public void handleDecode(Result result, Bitmap barcode) {
- inactivityTimer.onActivity();
- playBeepSoundAndVibrate();
- String resultString = result.getText();
- //FIXME
- if (resultString.equals("")) {
- Toast.makeText(CaptureActivity.this, "Scan failed!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }else {
- // System.out.println("Result:"+resultString);
- Intent resultIntent = new Intent();
- Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
- bundle.putString("result", resultString);
- resultIntent.putExtras(bundle);
- this.setResult(RESULT_OK, resultIntent);
- }
- CaptureActivity.this.finish();
- }
- /**
- * Handler scan result
- * @param result
- * @param barcode
- */
- public void handleDecode(Result result, Bitmap barcode) {
- inactivityTimer.onActivity();
- playBeepSoundAndVibrate();
- String resultString = result.getText();
- //FIXME
- if (resultString.equals("")) {
- Toast.makeText(CaptureActivity.this, "Scan failed!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }else {
- // System.out.println("Result:"+resultString);
- Intent resultIntent = new Intent();
- Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
- bundle.putString("result", resultString);
- resultIntent.putExtras(bundle);
- this.setResult(RESULT_OK, resultIntent);
- }
- CaptureActivity.this.finish();
- }
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