Android PopupWindow的使用和分析

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PopupWindow使用

       PopupWindow这个类用来实现一个弹出框,可以使用任意布局的View作为其内容,这个弹出框是悬浮在当前activity之上的。

 

PopupWindow使用Demo

  这个类的使用,不再过多解释,直接上代码吧。

  比如弹出框的布局:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="wrap_content"    android:background="#FFBBFFBB"    android:orientation="vertical" >    <TextView        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:padding="10dp"        android:text="Hello My Window"        android:textSize="20sp" />    <Button        android:id="@+id/button1"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:padding="10dp"        android:text="Button"        android:textSize="20sp" /></LinearLayout>
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弹出框布局

 

  Activity的布局中只有一个按钮,按下后会弹出框,Activity代码如下:

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package com.example.hellopopupwindow;import android.os.Bundle;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Context;import android.util.Log;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.MotionEvent;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.view.View.OnTouchListener;import android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.PopupWindow;import android.widget.Toast;public class MainActivity extends Activity {    private Context mContext = null;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        mContext = this;        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View view) {                showPopupWindow(view);            }        });    }    private void showPopupWindow(View view) {        // 一个自定义的布局,作为显示的内容        View contentView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(                R.layout.pop_window, null);        // 设置按钮的点击事件        Button button = (Button) contentView.findViewById(R.id.button1);        button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View v) {                Toast.makeText(mContext, "button is pressed",                        Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });        final PopupWindow popupWindow = new PopupWindow(contentView,                LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, true);        popupWindow.setTouchable(true);        popupWindow.setTouchInterceptor(new OnTouchListener() {            @Override            public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {                Log.i("mengdd", "onTouch : ");                return false;                // 这里如果返回true的话,touch事件将被拦截                // 拦截后 PopupWindow的onTouchEvent不被调用,这样点击外部区域无法dismiss            }        });        // 如果不设置PopupWindow的背景,无论是点击外部区域还是Back键都无法dismiss弹框        // 我觉得这里是API的一个bug        popupWindow.setBackgroundDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(                R.drawable.selectmenu_bg_downward));        // 设置好参数之后再show        popupWindow.showAsDropDown(view);    }}
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  弹出框的布局中有一个TextView和一个Button,Button点击后显示Toast,如图:

 

 

  第一次实现的时候遇到了问题,就是弹出框不会在按下Back键的时候消失,点击弹框外区域也没有正常消失,搜索了一下,都说只要设置背景就好了。

  然后我就找了个图片,果然弹框能正常dismiss了(见注释)。

 

PopupWindow源码分析

  为了解答一下上面的问题,看看源码(最新API Level 19,Android 4.4.2)。

1.显示方法

  显示提供了两种形式:

  showAtLocation()显示在指定位置,有两个方法重载:

public void showAtLocation(View parent, int gravity, int x, int y)public void showAtLocation(IBinder token, int gravity, int x, int y)

 

  showAsDropDown()显示在一个参照物View的周围,有三个方法重载:

public void showAsDropDown(View anchor)public void showAsDropDown(View anchor, int xoff, int yoff)public void showAsDropDown(View anchor, int xoff, int yoff, int gravity)

  最后一种带Gravity参数的方法是API 19新引入的。

 

  弹出的方法中首先需要preparePopup(),最后再invokePopup()

  prepare的方法中可以看到有无背景的分别:

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   /**     * <p>Prepare the popup by embedding in into a new ViewGroup if the     * background drawable is not null. If embedding is required, the layout     * parameters' height is mnodified to take into account the background's     * padding.</p>     *     * @param p the layout parameters of the popup's content view     */    private void preparePopup(WindowManager.LayoutParams p) {        if (mContentView == null || mContext == null || mWindowManager == null) {            throw new IllegalStateException("You must specify a valid content view by "                    + "calling setContentView() before attempting to show the popup.");        }        if (mBackground != null) {            final ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = mContentView.getLayoutParams();            int height = ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;            if (layoutParams != null &&                    layoutParams.height == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {                height = ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;            }            // when a background is available, we embed the content view            // within another view that owns the background drawable            PopupViewContainer popupViewContainer = new PopupViewContainer(mContext);            PopupViewContainer.LayoutParams listParams = new PopupViewContainer.LayoutParams(                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, height            );            popupViewContainer.setBackgroundDrawable(mBackground);            popupViewContainer.addView(mContentView, listParams);            mPopupView = popupViewContainer;        } else {            mPopupView = mContentView;        }        mPopupViewInitialLayoutDirectionInherited =                (mPopupView.getRawLayoutDirection() == View.LAYOUT_DIRECTION_INHERIT);        mPopupWidth = p.width;        mPopupHeight = p.height;    }
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2.背景是否为空对Touch事件的影响

  如果有背景,则会在contentView外面包一层PopupViewContainer之后作为mPopupView,如果没有背景,则直接用contentView作为mPopupView。

  而这个PopupViewContainer是一个内部私有类,它继承了FrameLayout,在其中重写了Key和Touch事件的分发处理:

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 @Override        public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {            if (event.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) {                if (getKeyDispatcherState() == null) {                    return super.dispatchKeyEvent(event);                }                if (event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN                        && event.getRepeatCount() == 0) {                    KeyEvent.DispatcherState state = getKeyDispatcherState();                    if (state != null) {                        state.startTracking(event, this);                    }                    return true;                } else if (event.getAction() == KeyEvent.ACTION_UP) {                    KeyEvent.DispatcherState state = getKeyDispatcherState();                    if (state != null && state.isTracking(event) && !event.isCanceled()) {                        dismiss();                        return true;                    }                }                return super.dispatchKeyEvent(event);            } else {                return super.dispatchKeyEvent(event);            }        }        @Override        public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {            if (mTouchInterceptor != null && mTouchInterceptor.onTouch(this, ev)) {                return true;            }            return super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev);        }        @Override        public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {            final int x = (int) event.getX();            final int y = (int) event.getY();                        if ((event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN)                    && ((x < 0) || (x >= getWidth()) || (y < 0) || (y >= getHeight()))) {                dismiss();                return true;            } else if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_OUTSIDE) {                dismiss();                return true;            } else {                return super.onTouchEvent(event);            }        }
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  由于PopupView本身并没有重写Key和Touch事件的处理,所以如果没有包这个外层容器类,点击Back键或者外部区域是不会导致弹框消失的。

 

补充Case: 弹窗不消失,但是事件向下传递

  如上所述:

  设置了PopupWindow的background,点击Back键或者点击弹窗的外部区域,弹窗就会dismiss.

  相反,如果不设置PopupWindow的background,那么点击back键和点击弹窗的外部区域,弹窗是不会消失的.

 

  那么,如果我想要一个效果,点击外部区域,弹窗不消失,但是点击事件会向下面的activity传递,比如下面是一个WebView,我想点击里面的链接等. 

  研究了半天,说是要给Window设置一个Flag,
  WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCH_MODAL
  
  看了源码,这个Flag的设置与否是由一个叫mNotTouchModal的字段控制,但是设置该字段的set方法被标记为@hide
  所以要通过反射的方法调用:
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   /**     * Set whether this window is touch modal or if outside touches will be sent     * to     * other windows behind it.     *     */    public static void setPopupWindowTouchModal(PopupWindow popupWindow,            boolean touchModal) {        if (null == popupWindow) {            return;        }        Method method;        try {            method = PopupWindow.class.getDeclaredMethod("setTouchModal",                    boolean.class);            method.setAccessible(true);            method.invoke(popupWindow, touchModal);        }        catch (Exception e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }
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  然后在程序中:  

UIUtils.setPopupWindowTouchModal(popupWindow, false);

  该popupWindow外部的事件就可以传递给下面的Activity了。

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