iOS开发系列课程(09) --- 滚动视图

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UIScrollView入门

  移动设备的屏幕⼤小是极其有限的,因此直接展⽰在⽤户眼前的内容也相当有限,当展⽰的内容较多超出一个屏幕时,用户可通过滚动操作来查看屏幕以外的内容,普通的UIView不具备滚动功能,不能显⽰过多的内容。UIScrollView是一个能够滚动的视图控件,可以⽤用来展⽰大量的内容,并且可以通过滚动查看所有的内容。

  UIScollView的常用属性和方法:
- contentOffset属性:UIScrollView滚动的位置
- contentSize属性:UIScrollView内容的尺⼨寸(相当于滚动的范围)
- bounces属性:设置UIScrollView是否需要弹簧效果
- alwaysBounceVertical属性:设置垂直方向是否有弹簧效果(必须在bounces设置为YES的前提下设置才有效)
- alwaysBounceHorizontal属性:设置水平方向是否有弹簧效果(必须在bounces设置为YES的前提下设置才有效)
- pagingEnabled属性:设置UIScrollView的滚动方式是否为翻页效果
- scrollEnabled属性:设置UIScrollView是否能滚动
- showsHorizontalScrollIndicator属性:是否显示水平方向的滑动条
- showsVerticalScrollIndicator属性:是否显示垂直方向的滑动条
- scrollIndicatorInsets属性:设置滚动条的位置,可以通过UIEdgeInsetsMake函数来指定该位置
- indicatorStyle属性:设置滚动条的风格,有三个可选项:UIScrollViewIndicatorStyleDefault(灰)、UIScrollViewIndicatorStyleBlack(黑)、UIScrollViewIndicatorStyleWhite(白)
- decelerationRate属性:减速的速率
- scrollsToTop属性:设置点击状态栏是否滑动到scrollView的顶部
- -setContentOffset:animated:方法:设置scrollView的位置
- -scrollRectToVisible:animated:方法:将指定的区域滚动到可视范围之内,如果该地区已经在可视区域,则什么都不做。

  下面的例子演示了如何显示一张比屏幕尺寸大的图片,同时演示了如何定制滚动条以及如何通过Tap手势将点击的位置移到靠近屏幕中心的位置,还演示了利用UIScrollView来实现缩放功能。

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController () <UIScrollViewDelegate> {    UIScrollView *myScrollView;}@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad {    [super viewDidLoad];    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"1092.jpg"];    CGSize imageSize = image.size;    UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, imageSize.width, imageSize.height)];    imageView.image = image;    // 创建一个滚动视图对象    myScrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, self.view.bounds.size.width, self.view.bounds.size.height)];    // 设置不允许拖拽滚动(通过Tap手势移动)    myScrollView.scrollEnabled = NO;    // 设置滚动视图中内容的尺寸    myScrollView.contentSize = image.size;    // 设置关闭滚动视图的弹簧效果    myScrollView.bounces = NO;    // 定制滚动条的样式    myScrollView.indicatorStyle = UIScrollViewIndicatorStyleWhite;    // 定制滚动条的位置    myScrollView.scrollIndicatorInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 80, 40);    // 设置滚动条减速的速率(值越大减速越缓慢)    myScrollView.decelerationRate = 0.5;    // 隐藏掉水平和垂直滚动条    myScrollView.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = NO;    myScrollView.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO;    // 不允许点状态栏回到视图顶部    myScrollView.scrollsToTop = NO;    // 绑定委托    myScrollView.delegate = self;    // 设置缩放比例    myScrollView.minimumZoomScale = 0.5;    myScrollView.maximumZoomScale = 2;    // 将UIImageView放到滚动视图上    [myScrollView addSubview:imageView];    [self.view addSubview:myScrollView];    CGSize screenSize = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size;    // 用一个视图作为自定义滚动条    UIView *myScrollBar = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(screenSize.width - 30, 0, 30, 40)];    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {        UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(5, 15 + 5 * i, 20, 2)];        label.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];        [myScrollBar addSubview:label];    }    myScrollBar.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0.7];    [self.view addSubview:myScrollBar];    // 给自定义的滚动条添加一个拖拽手势    UIPanGestureRecognizer *pan = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(doScroll:)];    [myScrollBar addGestureRecognizer:pan];    // 添加一个Tap手势将连续两次点击屏幕的位置置于靠近屏幕中心的地方    UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(gotoThePoint:)];    tap.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;    imageView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;    [imageView addGestureRecognizer:tap];}// 拖拽手势的回调方法- (void) doScroll:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *) sender {    CGPoint point = [sender translationInView:self.view];    CGPoint center = sender.view.center;    sender.view.center = CGPointMake(center.x, center.y + point.y);    CGPoint offsetPoint = myScrollView.contentOffset;    // 按照目前的设置地图的移动比例约为自定义滚动条移动比例的7.5倍    offsetPoint.y += point.y * 7.5;    // 判断滚动视图的offsetContent有否超出边界    if (offsetPoint.y < 0) {        offsetPoint.y = 0;    }    else if (offsetPoint.y > myScrollView.contentSize.height - self.view.bounds.size.height) {        offsetPoint.y = myScrollView.contentSize.height - self.view.bounds.size.height;    }    myScrollView.contentOffset = offsetPoint;    // 防止效果叠加(旋转、伸缩和拖拽的手势都需要还原来防止效果叠加)    [sender setTranslation:CGPointMake(0, 0) inView:self.view];}- (void) gotoThePoint:(UITapGestureRecognizer *) sender {    CGSize screenSize = self.view.bounds.size;    CGPoint touchPoint = [sender locationInView:self.view];    // 计算出点击的位置和屏幕中心点的差值    CGFloat dx = touchPoint.x - screenSize.width / 2;    CGFloat dy = touchPoint.y - screenSize.height / 2;    // 让滚动视图的偏移点的坐标加上坐标偏移量的值    CGPoint offsetPoint = myScrollView.contentOffset;    offsetPoint.x += dx;    offsetPoint.y += dy;    // 保证水平方向不会超出地图的边界    if (offsetPoint.x < 0) {        offsetPoint.x = 0;    }    else if (offsetPoint.x > myScrollView.contentSize.width - screenSize.width) {        offsetPoint.x = myScrollView.contentSize.width - screenSize.width;    }    // 保证垂直方向不会超出地图的边界    if (offsetPoint.y < 0) {        offsetPoint.y = 0;    }    else if (offsetPoint.y > myScrollView.contentSize.height - screenSize.height) {        offsetPoint.y = myScrollView.contentSize.height - screenSize.height;    }    [myScrollView setContentOffset:offsetPoint animated:YES];}#pragma mark 滚动视图的回调方法// 通过滚动视图缩放其子视图的回调方法- (UIView *)viewForZoomingInScrollView:(UIScrollView *)_scrollView {    return myScrollView.subviews[0];}

  程序运行效果如下图所示:

这里写图片描述

UIScrollViewDelegate

  UIScrollViewDelegate协议定义了滚动视图对应的事件的回调方法,下面的代码展示了其中的一部分方法。

- (void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {    NSLog(@"滚动") ;}- (void)scrollViewWillBeginDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {    NSLog(@"将要开始拖拽") ;}- (void)scrollViewWillEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView withVelocity:(CGPoint)velocity targetContentOffset:(inout CGPoint *)targetContentOffset {    NSLog(@"将要停止拖拽") ;}- (void)scrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView willDecelerate:(BOOL)decelerate {    NSLog(@"已经停止拖拽") ;}-(void)scrollViewWillBeginDecelerating:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {    NSLog(@"将要开始减速") ;}- (void)scrollViewDidEndDecelerating:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {    NSLog(@"已经停止减速") ;}- (BOOL)scrollViewShouldScrollToTop:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {    NSLog(@"允许点击状态栏滚动到顶部");    return YES ;}- (void)scrollViewDidScrollToTop:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {    NSLog(@"滚动到顶部") ;}

UIPageControl的使用

  UIPageControl类提供指示当前显示的是多页面视图的第几页的一排小圆点。

  UIPageControl的常用属性:
- numberOfPages属性:设置页数
- currentPage属性:当前是页码
- hidesForSinglePage属性:如果设为YES,在只有一页的情况下隐藏表示页码的点
- defersCurrentPageDisplay属性:如果你希望直到有时间执行完你的操作之后,才更新当前指示器当前指示页,可以将该属性设为YES
- pageIndicatorTintColor属性:设表示页码的点的颜色
- currentPageIndicatorTintColor属性:设置当前页点的颜色

  UIPageControl的常用方法:
- -updateCurrentPageDisplay:方法:更新页码指示器到当前页

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController () <UIScrollViewDelegate> {    UIScrollView *scrollView;    UIPageControl *pageControl;}@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad {    [super viewDidLoad];    CGSize screenSize = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size;    scrollView = [[UIScrollView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 20, screenSize.width, screenSize.height)];    scrollView.bounces = NO;    scrollView.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = NO;    scrollView.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = NO;    // 设置滚动视图启用翻页模式    scrollView.pagingEnabled = YES;    // 设置滚动视图内容的尺寸宽度是屏幕宽度的3倍    scrollView.contentSize = CGSizeMake(3 * screenSize.width, screenSize.height - 20);    // 给滚动视图设置委托    scrollView.delegate = self;    // 循环创建3个水平排列的UIImageView对象    // 屏幕的可见范围之内只能看到UIImageView    for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {        UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.jpg", i]];        UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:image];        // 每个UIImageView的横坐标是在前一个的基础上加上屏幕的宽度        imageView.frame = CGRectMake((i - 1) * screenSize.width, 0, screenSize.width, screenSize.height - 20);        [scrollView addSubview:imageView];    }    [self.view addSubview:scrollView];    pageControl = [[UIPageControl alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, screenSize.height - 40, screenSize.width, 40)];    pageControl.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0 alpha:0.5];    // 设置总共有多少页    pageControl.numberOfPages = 3;    // 设置选中页的指示器颜色//    pageControl.currentPageIndicatorTintColor = [UIColor purpleColor];    // 设置页码指示器的颜色//    pageControl.pageIndicatorTintColor = [UIColor yellowColor];    [self.view addSubview:pageControl];}// 滚动时回调此方法计算滚动到第几页- (void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)_scrollView {    pageControl.currentPage = (NSInteger)(scrollView.contentOffset.x / [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width);}@end

  运行效果如下图所示:

这里写图片描述 这里写图片描述

UITextView

  UITextView相当于是高级版本的UILabel和UITextField的合体。

  UITextView的常用属性:
- editable属性:设置UITextView能否编辑,如果不编辑就当做UILabel显示,可以设置自动识别电话号码、地址、邮箱,该属性默认为YES
- dataDetectorTypes属性:设置UITextView是否支持识别电话号码、地址、邮箱等内容
- inputView:当UITextView成为第一响应者时显示的输入视图
- inputAccessoryView:当UITextView成为第一响应者时显示的输入辅助视图,在inputView的上方

  下面的例子演示了如何使用UITextView以及如何进行数据侦测和拼写检查。

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController () <UITextViewDelegate> {    UITextView *myTextView;}@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad {    [super viewDidLoad];    myTextView = [[UITextView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(50, 100, 275, 250)];    myTextView.editable = YES;    myTextView.dataDetectorTypes = UIDataDetectorTypeAll;    myTextView.text = @"姓名: 骆昊\n电话: 13812345678\n主页: http://blog.csdn.net/jackfrued\n地址: 成都市西源大道1899号\nQQ: 12345678\n";    myTextView.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:18];    myTextView.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDone;    // myTextView.scrollEnabled = NO;    myTextView.layer.borderWidth = 1;    myTextView.layer.borderColor = [UIColor blackColor].CGColor;    myTextView.layer.cornerRadius = 5;    myTextView.delegate = self;    [myTextView becomeFirstResponder];    // myTextView.selectedRange = NSMakeRange(10, 20);    [self.view addSubview:myTextView];    UIButton *addButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];    addButton.frame = CGRectMake(150, 380, 75, 40);    [addButton setTitle:@"添加" forState: UIControlStateNormal];    [addButton addTarget:self action:@selector(addButtonClicked:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];    [self.view addSubview:addButton];    UITextChecker *checker = [[UITextChecker alloc] init];    NSRange range = NSMakeRange(0, myTextView.text.length);    NSString *language = [[NSLocale currentLocale] objectForKey:NSLocaleLanguageCode];    // NSLog(@"%@", language);    NSRange errRange = [checker rangeOfMisspelledWordInString:myTextView.text range:range startingAt:0 wrap:NO language:language];    if (errRange.location != NSNotFound) {        myTextView.selectedRange = errRange;    }}- (void)textViewDidEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView {    [textView resignFirstResponder];}- (void) addButtonClicked:(UIButton *) sender {    myTextView.text = [myTextView.text stringByAppendingString:@"Hello, world!\n"];    [myTextView scrollRangeToVisible:NSMakeRange(myTextView.text.length, 1)];}@end

  UITextView退出键盘几种方式:

  1. 如果应用有导航条的,可以在导航条上面加多一个Done的按钮,用来退出键盘,当然要先实UITextViewDelegate
  2. 如果UITextView中不使用回车键,可以把回车键当做退出键盘的响应键
  3. 自定义其他加载键盘上面用来退出,比如在弹出的键盘上面加一个view来放置退出键盘的Done按钮
  4. 点击其他区域收起键盘
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