用多线程并发的方式来计算两个矩阵的乘法

要求很简单，计算两个矩阵的乘法。为了加速，这里面使用了pthread库，来并发计算。

基本思路如下图。

比如用两个线程来计算。矩阵A * B。那么就把A分成两份。比如下图，就是0，2，4和1，3，5这两份。

在线程1中计算第0，2，4行和B个列的乘积，在线程2中计算1，3，5行和B各个列的乘积。

思路很简单。最后代码如下：

// pthread.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//#include <stdlib.h>#include "pthread.h"#include <x86intrin.h>#include <xmmintrin.h>int THREADS_COUNT = 4;pthread_t threads[16];int PRINT = 0;void test(int dim);int * multiplyPthread(int * a, int* b, int dim);int * multiplySimple(int * a, int* b, int dim);int mul(int* a, int* b, int row, int col, int dim);struct THREAD_PARAM {        int * a;        int * b;        int * buffer;        int dim;        int index;        int step;};struct THREAD_PARAM params[16];void output(int * buf, int dim) {        for (int i=0; i<dim; i++) {                for (int j=0; j<dim; j++) {                        printf("%d ", buf[i * dim + j]);                }                printf("\n");        }        printf("============\n");}int main(int argc, char* argv[]){        int size[] = {4, 16, 32, 48, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096};        for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {                test(size[i]);        }        return 0;}void test(int dim) {        int * a = (int*)malloc(dim * dim * sizeof(int));        for (int i=0; i<dim; i++) {                for (int j=0; j<dim; j++) {                        a[i * dim + j] = i * j + 1;                }        }        int * b = (int*)malloc(dim * dim * sizeof(int));        for (int i=0; i<dim; i++) {                for (int j=0; j<dim; j++) {                        b[i * dim + j] = i * j + 2;                }        }        struct  timeval start0,start1,start2;        struct  timeval end0,end1,end2;        unsigned  long diff0, diff1,diff2;        gettimeofday(&start0,NULL);        int * result = multiplySimple(a, b, dim);        gettimeofday(&end0,NULL);        gettimeofday(&start1,NULL);        int * resultPthread = multiplyPthread(a, b, dim);        gettimeofday(&end1,NULL);      //  gettimeofday(&start2,NULL);      //  int * resultPthreadSSE = multiplyPthread(a, b, dim, 1);      //  gettimeofday(&end2,NULL);        if (PRINT) {                output(a, dim);                output(b, dim);                output(result, dim);                output(resultPthread, dim);        //      output(resultPthreadSSE, dim);        }        diff0 = 1000000 * (end0.tv_sec-start0.tv_sec)+ end0.tv_usec-start0.tv_usec;        diff1 = 1000000 * (end1.tv_sec-start1.tv_sec)+ end1.tv_usec-start1.tv_usec;        //diff2 = 1000000 * (end2.tv_sec-start2.tv_sec)+ end2.tv_usec-start2.tv_usec;                printf("(%d) the difference for simple is %ld\n", dim, diff0);        printf("(%d) the difference for threaded is %ld\n", dim, diff1);        //printf("(%d) the difference for threaded with SSE is %ld\n", dim, diff2);        free(result);        free(resultPthread);        free(a);        free(b);}int * multiplySimple(int* a, int* b, int dim) {        int * result = (int*)malloc(dim * dim * sizeof(int));        int sum = 0;        for (int i=0; i<dim; i++) {                for (int j=0; j<dim; j++) {                        sum = 0;                        for (int k=0; k<dim; k++) {                                sum += (a[dim * i +k] * b[dim * k + j]);                        }                        result[dim * i + j] = sum;                }        }        return result;}void *Calculate(void *param) {      struct THREAD_PARAM *p = (struct THREAD_PARAM*)param;   int dim = p->dim;   int index = p->index;   int *a = p->a;   int *b = p->b;   int *result = p->buffer;   int step = p->step;   int sum = 0;   for (int i=index; i<dim; i+=step) {                for (int j=0; j<dim; j+=1) {                        sum = 0;                        //  int sum = mul(a, b, i, j, dim);                        for (int k=0; k<dim; k++) {                                // printf("cal %d, %d, %d\n", i, j, k);                                sum += (a[dim * i +k] * b[dim * k + j]);                        }                        result[dim * i + j] = sum;                }   }   pthread_exit(NULL);   return 0;}int * multiplyPthread(int* a, int* b, int dim) {        int * result = (int*)malloc(dim * dim * sizeof(int));        for (int i=0; i<THREADS_COUNT; i++) {                params[i].buffer = result;                params[i].index = i;                params[i].dim = dim;                params[i].step = THREADS_COUNT;                params[i].a = a;                params[i].b = b;                int rc = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, Calculate, (void *)(&params[i]));         }    for(int t=0; t<THREADS_COUNT; t++) {        void* status;        int rc = pthread_join(threads[t], &status);        if (rc)  {            printf("ERROR; return code from pthread_join()   is %d\n", rc);         }         // printf("Completed join with thread %d status= %ld\n",t, (long)status);    }        return result;}

编译参数：

# clang -O1 -lpthread -Wall mul.c

运行环境：

CentOS7， 4核的CPU，所以这里开了4个线程。

运行结果分析。

当矩阵的大小比较小的时候，普通的矩阵乘法比多线程的算法快得多。这也是可以理解的，因为创建线程需要一定的时间。

当矩阵的大小为64时，多线程的时间和普通单线程的时间基本上相同。

当矩阵的大小大于64时，多线程的时间明显好于单线程。

当矩阵的大小大于256时，多线程的性能达到单线程的4倍左右，很理想：

(4) the difference for simple is 1
(4) the difference for threaded is 420
(16) the difference for simple is 10
(16) the difference for threaded is 117
(32) the difference for simple is 63
(32) the difference for threaded is 151
(48) the difference for simple is 177
(48) the difference for threaded is 196
(64) the difference for simple is 379
(64) the difference for threaded is 329
(128) the difference for simple is 4456
(128) the difference for threaded is 2376
(256) the difference for simple is 40366
(256) the difference for threaded is 10581
(512) the difference for simple is 387046
(512) the difference for threaded is 97153