Maven构建web项目常用配置

使用Maven来构建应用程序，可以非常方便地管理应用相关的资源。众所周知，应用程序中涉及到的一些依赖关系，如Java应用程序依赖jar文件，如果只是手动找到相应的资源，可能需要花费一些时间。而且，即使已经积累了库文件，在未来应用程序升级以后，还要考虑到依赖库文件的升级情况，再次搜索收集。
还有一个问题，对应用程序依赖文件的管理是个非常复杂工作，占用存储空间不说，还可能因为应用之间的版本问题导致依赖冲突。使用Maven的pom模型来构建应用程序，可以更加有效地的管理，而且配置内容非常清晰（有时多了，可能pom文件显得有点臃肿）。
下面将常用的Maven配置，整理如下，以备参考。首先，整理一个简单的目录，作为快速查询之用：

设置字符集
拷贝src/main/resources/资源文件
编译代码
、编译打包成jar文件
构建测试用例配置
输出依赖jar文件到指定目录
配置指定的repository
将应用及其依赖jar文件打成一个jar文件
具体配置的详细内容，如下所示：

1、设置字符集

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1. <properties>  
2.     <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>  
3. </properties>  

在需要设置字符集的地方，引用${project.build.sourceEncoding}即可。

2、拷贝src/main/resources/资源文件

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1. <build>  
2.     <pluginManagement>  
3.         <plugins>  
4.             <plugin>  
5.                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
6.                 <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>  
7.                 <version>2.5</version>  
8.                 <executions>  
9.                     <execution>  
10.                         <id>copy-resources</id>  
11.                         <phase>package</phase>  
12.                         <goals>  
13.                             <goal>copy-resources</goal>  
14.                         </goals>  
15.                         <configuration>  
16.                             <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>  
17.                             <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>  
18.                             <resources>  
19.                                 <resource>  
20.                                     <directory>src/main/resources/</directory>  
21.                                     <includes>  
22.                                         <include>*.properties</include>  
23.                                         <include>*.xml</include>  
24.                                     </includes>  
25.                                     <filtering>true</filtering>  
26.                                 </resource>  
27.                             </resources>  
28.                         </configuration>  
29.                     </execution>  
30.                 </executions>  
31.             </plugin>  
32.         </plugins>  
33.     </pluginManagement>  
34. </build>  

3、编译代码

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1. <build>  
2.     <pluginManagement>  
3.         <plugins>  
4.             <plugin>  
5.                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
6.                 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>  
7.                 <version>2.5</version>  
8.                 <configuration>  
9.                     <source>1.7</source>  
10.                     <target>1.7</target>  
11.                 </configuration>  
12.             </plugin>  
13.         </plugins>  
14.     </pluginManagement>  
15. </build>  

可以指定源代码编译级别。

4、编译打包成jar文件

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1. <build>  
2.     <pluginManagement>  
3.         <plugins>  
4.             <plugin>  
5.                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
6.                 <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>  
7.                 <executions>  
8.                     <execution>  
9.                         <phase>package</phase>  
10.                         <goals>  
11.                             <goal>jar</goal>  
12.                         </goals>  
13.                         <configuration>  
14.                             <classifier>without-configs</classifier>  
15.                             <excludes>  
16.                                 <exclude>*.properties</exclude>  
17.                                 <exclude>*.xml</exclude>  
18.                             </excludes>  
19.                         </configuration>  
20.                     </execution>  
21.                 </executions>  
22.             </plugin>  
23.     </pluginManagement>  
24. </build>  

可以指定打包后jar文件的文件名后缀，同时可以设置是否将配置文件也打包到jar文件中。

5、构建测试用例配置

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1. <build>  
2.     <pluginManagement>  
3.         <plugins>  
4.             <plugin>  
5.                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
6.                 <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>  
7.                 <version>2.9</version>  
8.                 <configuration>  
9.                     <skip>true</skip>  
10.                     <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>  
11.                 </configuration>  
12.             </plugin>  
13.         </plugins>  
14.     </pluginManagement>  
15. </build>  

构建应用时，可以配置是否执行测试用例代码，也可以配置如果测试用例未通过是否忽略。

6、输出依赖jar文件到指定目录

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1. <build>  
2.     <pluginManagement>  
3.         <plugins>  
4.             <plugin>  
5.                 <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>  
6.                 <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>  
7.                 <version>1.0.0</version>  
8.                 <configuration>  
9.                     <lifecycleMappingMetadata>  
10.                         <pluginExecutions>  
11.                             <pluginExecution>  
12.                                 <pluginExecutionFilter>  
13.                                     <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
14.                                     <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
15.                                     <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>  
16.                                     <goals>  
17.                                         <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>  
18.                                         <goal>unpack</goal>  
19.                                     </goals>  
20.                                 </pluginExecutionFilter>  
21.                                 <action>  
22.                                     <ignore />  
23.                                 </action>  
24.                             </pluginExecution>  
25.                         </pluginExecutions>  
26.                     </lifecycleMappingMetadata>  
27.                 </configuration>  
28.             </plugin>  
29.         </plugins>  
30.     </pluginManagement>  
31.     <plugins>  
32.         <plugin>  
33.             <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>  
34.             <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>  
35.             <version>2.8</version>  
36.             <executions>  
37.                 <execution>  
38.                     <id>copy-dependencies</id>  
39.                     <phase>package</phase>  
40.                     <goals>  
41.                         <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>  
42.                     </goals>  
43.                     <configuration>  
44.                         <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>  
45.                         <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>  
46.                         <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>  
47.                         <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>  
48.                     </configuration>  
49.                 </execution>  
50.             </executions>  
51.         </plugin>  
52.     </plugins>  
53. </build>  

上面，和pluginManagement并列的plugins元素中配置的是拷贝依赖jar文件到target/lib目录下面，如果在Eclipse中出现maven-dependency-plugin (goals “copy-dependencies”, “unpack”) is not supported by m2e错误，上面pluginManagement元素中的配置，可以解决这个错误提示。

7、配置指定的repository

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1. <repositories>  
2.     <repository>  
3.         <id>cloudera</id>  
4.         <url>https://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/</url>  
5.     </repository>  
6. </repositories>  

如果我们需要要的一些依赖jar文件在maven中央repository中没有，可以在pom文件中配置特定的repository，一般需要配置id和url。

8、将应用及其依赖jar文件打成一个jar文件

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1. <build>  
2.     <plugins>  
3.         <plugin>  
4.             <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>  
5.             <configuration>  
6.                 <archive>  
7.                     <manifest>  
8.                         <mainClass>org.shirdrn.solr.cloud.index.hadoop.SolrCloudIndexer</mainClass>  
9.                     </manifest>  
10.                 </archive>  
11.                 <descriptorRefs>  
12.                     <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>  
13.                 </descriptorRefs>  
14.             </configuration>  
15.             <executions>  
16.                 <execution>  
17.                     <id>make-assembly</id>  
18.                     <phase>package</phase>  
19.                     <goals>  
20.                         <goal>single</goal>  
21.                     </goals>  
22.                 </execution>  
23.             </executions>  
24.         </plugin>  
25.     </plugins>  
26. </build>  

转载至：http://blog.csdn.net/u013510614/article/details/50503602