11gR2中安装完数据库软件手动建库过程

手动建库跟能让你深入理解ORACLE架构

设置好数据库安装用户的环境变量

#add for install oracleexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_SID=yangexport ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport ADR_BASE=$ORACLE_BASE/diagexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/libexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

创建参数文件

内容如下，放到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下，命名为

init$sid.ora 即 inityang.ora

db_name=yangdb_block_size=8192memory_target=300Mmemory_max_target=300Mprocesses=200control_files=(/u01/dbfile/yang/control01.ctl,/u02/dbfile/yang/control02.ctl)job_queue_processes=10open_cursors=500fast_start_mttr_target=500undo_management=AUTOundo_tablespace=UNDOTBS1remote_login_passwordfile=EXCLUSIVE

创建数据目录并赋权

$ mkdir -p /u01/dbfile/yang$ mkdir -p /u02/dbfile/yang$ mkdir -p /u01/oraredo/yang$ mkdir -p /u02/oraredo/yang# chown -R oracle:dba /u01# chown -R oracle:dba /u02

启动实例

[oracle@bogon dbs]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Feb 2 20:53:22 2016Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startup nomountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  313159680 bytesFixed Size          2252824 bytesVariable Size         209719272 bytesDatabase Buffers       96468992 bytesRedo Buffers            4718592 bytesSQL> 

创建数据库

将下面的sql粘贴到打开的实例中执行。

CREATE DATABASE yangMAXLOGFILES 16MAXLOGMEMBERS 4MAXDATAFILES 1024MAXINSTANCES 1MAXLOGHISTORY 680CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8DATAFILE'/u01/dbfile/yang/system01.dbf'SIZE 500M REUSEEXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCALUNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1 DATAFILE'/u01/dbfile/yang/undotbs01.dbf'SIZE 800MSYSAUX DATAFILE'/u01/dbfile/yang/sysaux01.dbf'SIZE 500MDEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE'/u01/dbfile/yang/temp01.dbf'SIZE 500MDEFAULT TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE'/u01/dbfile/yang/users01.dbf'SIZE 20MLOGFILE GROUP 1('/u01/oraredo/yang/redo01a.rdo','/u02/oraredo/yang/redo01b.rdo') SIZE 50M,GROUP 2('/u01/oraredo/yang/redo02a.rdo','/u02/oraredo/yang/redo02b.rdo') SIZE 50M,GROUP 3('/u01/oraredo/yang/redo03a.rdo','/u02/oraredo/yang/redo03b.rdo') SIZE 50MUSER sys IDENTIFIED BY syspass00USER system IDENTIFIED BY systempass00;

创建数据库目录

前面的sql语句只是搭了个空架子，就好比一个公司要运营，只是画了块地儿，把楼盖或者车间盖起来了，创造价值的工具和人还没到位呢。真正实用的东西在这个地方用sys用户执行下面的语句，来创建一系列的字典，这个地方一言难尽，可以参考下盖国强的《深入解析Oracle：数据库的初始化》。

SQL> spool create_dd.lisSQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sqlSQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sqlSQL> alter database open;SQL> connect system/systempass00SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbldSQL> spool off 

创建listener文件，启动监听器

cd  $ORACLE_HOME/network/vi listener.ora#内容如下：LISTENER =    (DESCRIPTION_LIST =        (DESCRIPTION =            (ADDRESS_LIST =                (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.163.134)(PORT = 1521))            )        )    )#如果监听器是静态注册需要加入下面的这段，一般都是动态注册所有实例，所以不需要加入SID_LIST_LISTENER =    (SID_LIST =        (SID_DESC =            (GLOBAL_DBNAME = yang)            (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)            (SID_NAME = yang)        )    )#启动监听[oracle@bogon network]$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 03-FEB-2016 10:59:40Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - ProductionLog messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/bogon/listener/alert/log.xmlListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bogon)(PORT=1521)))Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - ProductionStart Date                03-FEB-2016 10:59:40Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/bogon/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bogon)(PORT=1521)))The listener supports no servicesThe command completed successfully#等上一分钟，执行下面的命令，看下服务[oracle@bogon network]$ lsnrctl servicesLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 03-FEB-2016 11:00:34Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))Services Summary...Service "yang" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "yang", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready         LOCAL SERVERThe command completed successfully#看下监听器的状态，是成功创建的[oracle@bogon network]$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 03-FEB-2016 11:01:41Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - ProductionStart Date                03-FEB-2016 10:59:40Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 1 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/bogon/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=bogon)(PORT=1521)))Services Summary...Service "yang" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "yang", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully[oracle@bogon network]$ #连接测试下:sqlplus system/systempass00@'localhost:1521/yang'[oracle@bogon network]$ sqlplus system/systempass00@'localhost:1521/yang'SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 3 11:07:13 2016Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options#创建tnsnames.orayang =(DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))    (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = yang)))

创建密码文件

$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs#$ orapwd file=orapw<ORACLE_SID> password=<sys password>orapwd file=orapwyang password=syspass00