口译笔记符号大汇总

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本文转载自:http://bulo.hujiang.com/u/7970929/diary/121283/

一、地名简写

高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来.会很费时间。因此,常用国名的记录方法应常记心中,比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。有时还可以借助“|-”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。例如:the Republic of Korea(ROK,南朝鲜),表示为“-K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK,北朝鲜), 就可以表示为“K-”, Central London,表示为LD。Western Europe(西欧)表示为“|EU”,Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
练习:Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia,Central Ital

二、缩略词

英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:
(一)拿掉所有元音
MKT:
market
MGR:
manager
MSG:
message
STD:
standard
RCV:
receive
(二)保留前几个字母
INFO
information
INS
insurance
EXCH
exchange
I owe you
IOU
In stead of
I/O
(三)保留开头和结尾个发音字母
WK
week
RM
room
PL
people
(四)根据发音
R
are
THO
though
THRU
through
(五)高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表
缩略词
原词
APT
Apartment
ACC
Accountant
ACDG
According
ACPT
Accept
AD
Advertisement
ADS
Address
ADV
Advice
AMAP
As much/many as possible
AMT
Amount
BAL
Balance
BLDG
Building
CERT
Certificate
CMPE
Compete/competitive
CMU
Communication
CO.
Company
DEPT
Department
DISC
Discount
EXCH
Exchange
EXT
Extent
INFO
Information
I/O
In stead of
IOU
I owe you
MDL
Model
MEMO
Memorandum
MIN
Minimum
MKT
Market
MSG
Message
PKG
Packing
PL
People
PLS
Please
REF
Reference
SEC
Section
STD
Standard
TEL
Telephone
THO
Though
TKS
Thanks
TRF
Traffic
WT
Weight
XL
Extra large

三、字母、图像


表示“人”people/person,因为“o”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:Jo。

C
表示政府,统治:government,govern
希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ

P
表示政治:politics, political
希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ

G
表示效率:efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。

Q
表示“通货膨胀”:inflation
因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。

A
表示农业: agriculture.
agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。

B
表示商业:business。


表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation
“C×”中的“×”表示反对,字母“C”将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。

W
表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而 “ Z” (小圆圈)在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee。

i
表示工业: industry, industrial
字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。

U
U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
如果在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral (三边的)。
填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。
如果在U上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。

O
表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等:country, state, nation, etc.
gO表示进口,Og表示出口
这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over。
那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.

T
表示“领导人”:leader, head
那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT


圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference, negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium


这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示“捕鱼业”等合fishery 有关的词汇。

O
圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.

J
表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.

L
表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.

EO
表示听到、众所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.

O
表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc.

四、箭头
g
表示到达、传达:go into,arrive at,give to,send to,present to etc.

表示导致、引导:lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.

表示屈服:submit to

f
表示来自于:be/come from,return,receive from, etc.

表示追溯到:come/go back to,originate

h
表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc.

表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc.

表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen, promote, etc
表示“波折”:ups and downs, twists and turns, roller coaster, etc.

五、数学符号

+
表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.

++(+2)
表示“多”的比较级:more

+3
表示“多”的最高级:most


表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.

×
表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.

>
表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.

表示“高” 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.

<
表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc.

表示“低”概念:inferior to,etc.

=
表示“同等”概念:means,that is to say, in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.

表示“对手”概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.

( )
表示“在……之间”:among, within, etc.


表示“不同”概念:be different from, etc.

表示“无敌”概念:matchless, peerless, etc.


表示“大约”概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.

/
表示“否定”,“消除”等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.

六、标点等

:
表示各种各样“说”的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.

?
表示“问题”:question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?

. (dot)
这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样
“.d”表示yesterday, “.y”表示last year, “.2m”表示two month ago。Wk表示week
“y”表示this year, “y2.” two year later
“next week”, 可以表示为“wk.”


表示转折but yet however


表示“好的”状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.

表示“同意”状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.


表示“重要的”状态:important,exemplary(模范的) best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.

n
表示“交流”状态:exchange,mutual, etc.

&
表示“和”,“与”:and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.


表示“结束”:end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.

七、较长单词的处理办法

-ism
简写为 m
例如:socialism
Sm

-tion
简写为 n
例如:standardization (标准化)
stdn

-cian
简写为 o
例如:technician
techo

-ing
简写为 g
例如:marketing (市场营销)
MKTg

-ed
简写为 d
例如:accepted
acptd

-ment
简写为 mt
例如:amendment
amdmt

-able/ible/ble
简写为 bl
例如:available
avbl

-ful
简写为 fl
例如:meaningful
mnfl
出自:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b901a8601009p4o.html~type=v5_one&label=rela_nextarticle
口译笔记符号(若干)
新东方听力口语部 龚学众
翻译笔记原则:
学会一字等于一句,看一字想一句,看一句知一句。
一. 以符号代文字
以下各符号均可在记录中代替文字
1. 数学符号
equal: =
boost, improve, enhance, strengthen :

plus: +
minus: —
times: x
divided by: ÷
degree: ℃
percent: %
per thousand: ‰
between:|.|
because, because of, due to: ∵
therefore, so, as a result, consequently: ∵
plus or minus: ±
versus, the ratio of, divided by :

so on, etc, and so forth : ···
is (much) greater/bigger/larger/faster/quicker/heavier/older… than; superior to, surpass:>
is (much) less/smaller/lighter/younger/fewer/inferior to/worse than…: <
not equal to :¹
not less than:
varies as, in direct proportion to: ∝或∞
parallel, is parallel to : ‖
right angle: ∟
perpendicular, is perpendicular to: ⊥
circle, circumference: ○
ellipse: 0
diameter: θ
triangle, delta : △
pressure, influence:⊥(竖线为向下箭头)
approximately, about, nearly, around,almost: ≈
as always, 一直,总是, 一贯:≡
into: 
contact, exchanges:∞
conflicts, disputes, contradictions: ><
波折:<<
belong to, is of ,of: ∈
victory,
win, success :
V
by, with, %, in:
/
as always, hold on, persist, insist on :

wonder, miracle : !
About: @
On the one hand:

On the other hand: ∕
Relation, relationship: &
Future:
Not agree:
N
Agree: Y
Fine, good:
+
Better, much better:
++
Bad, weak: -
Worse, weaker: - -
In
conclusion :
=>
Empty: O
Representative, delegation, delegation: △
2. 货币:
sterling, pound: £
US dollar: USrenminbi: RMB: ¥  
Australian dollars: #A  
Austrian schillings: Sch  
Canadian dollars: Can

Eurodollar: €
New Zealand dollars: NZ$
Japanese yen:
3.时间:
时:
hour:
hr
minute:

second:
’’
早:d
中:d
晚:d
日:
the day before yesterday: ”d
yesterday: ’d
today: d
tomorrow: d’
the day after tomorrow: d’ ’
day by day, everyday: dd
夜:
last night:’n
tonight: n
next night: n’
周:
the week before last: ”w
last week: ’w
this week: w
next week: w ’
the week after next : w’’
周日:
Monday: 1w
Tuesday: 2w
Wednesday: 3w
Thursday: 4w
Friday: 5w
Saturday: 6w
Sunday: 7w
月:
the month before last: ”m
last month: ’m
this month: m
next month: m’
the month after next: m’’
月初:
月中:
12月上旬、中旬、月底/下旬:12、12、 12
月份:
January: 1m
February: 2m
March: 3m
April: 4m
May: 5m
June: 6m
July: 7m
August: 8m
September: 9m
October: 10m
November: 11m
December: 12dm
年:
last year: ’y
this year: y
next year: y’
the year after next: y’’
年初:y
年中:y
年底:y
1949年前:/49
1949年后:49/
1949年底:49
世纪:C
uo to now, until:

since,ever since: ┠
山水之间:ω∕∽
国内外:

4.度量衡:
meter: m
centimeter: cm
minimeter: mm
mile: mi
nautical mile: nm
inch: in.
foot: ft
knot: kt
acre: A
5.数字:
①数字全用阿拉伯数字代替
②000:, 例如,65000:65,; 7000000:7,,
1978: ’78
(3) 00:
. , 例如,700: 7.
6.介词、连词:
because, because of, due to: ∵
therefore, so, as a result, consequently: ∵
about: around,: ≈
above, on, over:某文字或符号上加一点·,如“河上:
after: |, 例如,20年以后: 20y½
against:
as:
at:ゝ
before, beyond, in front of: ·| 例如,20年以:½ 20y
below, beneath, under: 某文字或符号下加一点·,如“水下:~符号下加·”
between:

|·|
but:/
for:4
inside, within,include : ( )
out of:
therefore, so, as a result, consequently: ∵
to: →
up: ↑
with: +
7.变化:
增,升,加,长,上:
arise, ascend, climb, develop, grow, rise, go up, , get up, increase, roar, skyrocket,soar, strengthen, up: ↑
降,减,下:
down, to, decline,descend, drop,fall, go down, reduce, shrink: ↓
and,in addition to, furthermore, further, more: +
8.来往:
arrive in, cause, come to,export to, give to, lead to, present to, result to, send to, submit to:→
come from, import from, receive from: ←
9.好坏、好恶:
bad, wrong, faulty, false, hate, notorious, incorrect: x
accept, agree, certain, correct, famous,fine, good, like, love, right, affirmative,
satisfy, sure, want, well-known:√ 例如,“我赞成你的观点:I √ ur · ”

10.辩论,说,观点、协议:
①comment, say, speak: ∶
②观点viewpoint、看法、难点,point:·,如“我说几点:I :几·”,
③agreement, accord, treaty, contract: ∪,例如:双边协议:2∪
11.公用标志:
copy right:

registered mark:

12.会见、会议:
conference, discussion, meet, meeting, negotiation, seminar, workshop:⊙,例如:三边圆桌会议:3⊙
13.国家、政治、民族:
①country, state, nation: □
②政府:zf
③leader, manager, president, schoolmaster, director:∧
14。江河湖海水:
ocean, sea, river, lake, brook, stream: ~
15:桌,椅,凳,几,床,楼,房:
︹,如:“在椅子上:︹(上加一短横)”,“在桌子下:︹ (下加一短横)”
16.all in all, finally, in conclusion, in a word, totally:
Σ
17.hills, mountain:
ω, 如“ 山上: “ω”上加一点; “爬山:/ω”
18.look, look after, look into, investigate, witness: 横椭圆中间加一点,如“我今天来看看:I d (横椭圆中间加一点) u”
19. anger, excited, happy: !
20. why when, where, which, who, how:
? 加最后一个字母 ,例如,“你去哪:? U →”特殊符号:
and, with, together with, accompany : +
too, to, two: 2
include, inclusive, including, among, inside, within : ( )
maintaining peace and stability: ◎
二. 以首字母代文字
ac: aircraft
as soon as possibly: asap
as early as possible: aesp
at least: al
carbon copy: cc
care of: c/o
上海:SH
北京:BJ
联合国儿童基金会:UNICEF
联合国教科文组织:UNESCO
。。。。。。
三. 中英(符号)混合代文字
资本主义:资’
四个现代化:4m
peace-keeping: 维p
oppose, against, disagree: o反, a反, d反
第三世界:3w
三维: 3D
中国人:ch人
四. 以缩写代文字
acknowledge: ack
advice: adv
after: aft

extra: x
……
五. 以汉字代英文
sentence: 句
……
六. 以前三个字母代替长单词
cor= corporation
……
七.特简符号:
for: 4

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