matlab GUIDE 和GUI笔记

matalb GUI 学习笔记.md

关于matlab GUI学习笔记

观看21世纪电子论坛《10分钟学习Matlab GUI系列》

1 GUI对象的基础概念及操作

• get 获得对象属性
• set 设置某对象属性
• findobj 寻找符合属性要求的对象
• allchild 寻找某一对象的子对象

2 GUI对象操作实例

%% 创建界面h = figure('Units','Normalize',...    'position',[0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5],...    'Menu','none');ha = axes('Parent',h,'Units','Normalized',...    'Position',[0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8]);h1 = line('Parent',ha,'XData',[0:0.01:6],...    'YData',sin([0:0.01:6]),'Color','r');cstring = 'gbkmy';while 1    for k=1:length(cstring)        set(h1,'Color',cstring(k));        pause(3);    endend

3 底层代码实现GUI

• Figure
• Axes
• Line
• Text
• Uicontrol

hf=figure(...    'Units','Normalized',...    'Menu','none',...    'Color','w',...    'Position',[0.2 0.2 0.6 0.5]);ha=axes(...    'Parent',hf,...    'Units','Normalized',...    'Position',[0.1 0.1 0.6 0.8],...    'Box','on',...    'NextPlot','Add');hb1=uicontrol(...    'Parent',hf,...    'Units','Normalized',...    'Style','pushbutton',...    'Callback','plot(sin([0:0.01:6]),''g'')',...    'String','sin',...    'Units','Normalized',...    'Position',[0.75 0.2 0.15 0.1]);hb2=uicontrol(...    'Parent',hf,...    'Units','Normalized',...    'Style','pushbutton',...    'Callback','plot(cos([0:0.01:6]),''r'')',...    'String','cos',...    'Units','Normalized',...    'Position',[0.75 0.4 0.15 0.1]);hb3=uicontrol(...    'Parent',hf,...    'Units','Normalized',...    'Style','pushbutton',...    'Callback','try,delete(allchild(ha));end',...    'String','clear',...    'Units','Normalized',...    'Position',[0.75 0.6 0.15 0.1]);

4 常用对象及属性1

• figure对象

hf=figure;get(hf)% 改变颜色set(hf,'Color','w');set(hf,'Menubar','none')set(hf,'NumberTitle','off','Name','演示');set(hf,'Resize','off');pause(3)set(hf,'Visible','off');pause(3)set(hf,'Visible','on');set(hf,'WindowStyle','modal');set(hf,'WindowKeyPressFcn','Closereq');set(hf,'WindowButtonDownFcn','Closereq');hb=uicontrol('Style','pushbutton','Callback','closereq');

• axes对象

ha=axes;get(ha)set(ha,'NextPlot','add');plot([0:100]);plot(sin(0:0.01:3));set(ha,'NextPlot','replace');

5.常用对象及属性2

• line对象

hf=figure;hl=plot([0:10]);get(hl)set(hl,'Color','r',...    'Marker','p',...    'MarkerEdgeColor','g',...    'MarkerFaceColor','k');% 绘制sin(x)hl1=ezplot('sin(x)');x=get(hl1,'XData');y=get(hl1,'YData');figureplot(x,y)

6.常用对象及属性3

• text对象

ha=axes;ht=text(1,1,'示例');get(ht)text('String','\int_0^x dF(x)','Position',[0.5 0.5]);text('Interpreter','latex','String',...'$$ \int_0^x dF(x) $$','Position',[0.2 0.2]);plot(x);% 在原始语句两边加上单引号'plot(x);'%当原始语句中含有引号，那么将原始的单引%号都改为两个单引号，然后在最外层加上一对单引号'plot(x,y,''r'');'

7.GUI对话框

• uigetfile文件打开对话框函数

%[FileName,PathName,FilterIndex] = uigetfile(FilterSpec)% 规定打开文件类型uigetfile('*.m');% 输出参数意义 [文件名,路径,取消还是确定了][a,b,c]=uigetfile('*.m');[a,b,c]=uigetfile('*.txt');if c==1    load(fullfile(b,a));enduigetfile('*.m','实例','default.m');

• uiputfile文件保存对话框函数

doc uiputfile[a,b,c]=uiputfile('.m');

8.GUI颜色设置，字体设置对话框

• uisetcolor 颜色设置对话框

c=uisetcolorc=uisetcolor([1 0 0]);h=plot([0:10]);c=uisetcolor(h);figureb=uicontrol('Parent',gcf,'String','颜色设置','Style','pushbutton',...    'Callback','c=uisetcolor;set(b,''BackgroundColor'',c);');

• uisetfont字体设置对话框函数

uisetfontdoc uisetfontS=uisetfont(b);figure;b=uicontrol('Parent',gcf,'String','颜色设置','Style','pushbutton',...    'Callback','uisetfont(b);','Position',[0.2 0.2 0.8 0.8],...    'Units','Normalized');

9.进度条对话框

• waitbar

h=waitbar(0,'实例');get(h)% 获得进度条的子对象get(get(h,'Children'))ha=get(h,'Children');% 获得坐标轴子对象的子对象内容get(ha,'Children')get(ans(1))get(ans(2))hrand=waitbar(0.3,'颜色')ha1=get(hrand,'Children');hac=get(ha1,'Children');hapa=findall(hac,'Type','patch')set(hapa,'FaceColor','k')doc waitbarwaitbar(0.5,hrand)

10.普通对话框、错误对话框、警告对话框

• dialog普通对话框

h=dialog('name','关于...','Position',[200 200 200 70]);uicontrol('Parent',h,'Style','pushbutton','Position',[80 10 50 20],...    'String','确定','Callback','delete(gcbf)');

• errordlg 错误对话框

errordlg

• warndlg 警告对话框

warndlg

11. 输入对话框、 目录选择对话框 、 列表选择对话框

• inputdlg 输入对话框

name=inputdlg('请输入姓名','实例');ret=inputdlg({'请输入姓名','请输入性别'},'实例');info=inputdlg('请留言','留言',5);re=inputdlg({'请输入姓名','请输入性别'},'实例',1,{'hui','男'},'on');

• uigetdir 目录选择对话框

uigetdir('C:\','浏览');

• listdig 列表选择对话框

[Sel,OK]=listdlg(...    'ListString',{'A','B','C','D'},...    'OKString','确定',...    'CancelString','取消',...    'Name','选择',...    'SelectionMode','single');

12. GUIDE 的使用

• 对象拖进舞台
• 添加菜单
• 对象的排列
• tab键设置
• callback 函数中通过handels结构体获取属性get(handles.pushbutton,'String')
• guidata GUI数据通过handels.tag结构体访问
• 句柄值tag handles.tag

13.GUI 数据的一致访问

• 在 Open函数中加入自定义对象

function GUI13_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)handles.output = hObject;h=uicontrol('Tag','push','Callback',{@push_Callback,handles});handles.push=h;% Update handles structureguidata(hObject, handles);

• 添加对应push_Callback函数

function push_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)set(handles.edit1,'String',num2str(handles.rand));

14. GUI 示例

• Open函数中加入自定义对象

function GUI14_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)handles.output = hObject;handles.x=-pi:0.01:pi;%添加x值，便于访问guidata(hObject, handles);

• Clear_Callback的示例

function Clear_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)try    delete(allchild(handles.plotarea));end

15.GUI 菜单

• Callback函数的书写
• 用visible 属性的设置控制对象的可见性

16.GUI 右键菜单

• 注意设置UIContexMenu属性选择对象的右键菜单，默认None
• 底层代码实现右键菜单

figure('Menubar','none');h=uicontextmenu;uimenu(h,'Label','A');uimenu(h,'Label','B');set(gcf,'Uicontextmenu',h);

17.带有时间显示的GUI

matlab 编程支持多线程，支持定时
- ExecutionMode 属性
- Period 定是周期
- TimerFcn 时间到达后的操作

function GUI17_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)handles.output = hObject;handles.ht=timer;set(handles.ht,'ExecutionMode','FixedRate',...    'Period',1,...    'TimerFcn',{@dispnow,handles});%调用函数，handels结构体做输入start(handles.ht);

• 定义dispnow函数

function dispnow(hObject,eventdata,handles)set(handles.disptime,'String',datestr(now));

18.界面响应鼠标事件

function GUI18_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)handles.output = hObject;global ButtonDown pos1;ButtonDown=[];pos1=[];guidata(hObject, handles);

function figure1_WindowButtonDownFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ButtonDown pos1;if strcmp(get(gcf,'SelectionType'),'normal')    ButtonDown=1;    pos1=get(handles.axes1,'CurrentPoint');end

function figure1_WindowButtonMotionFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ButtonDown pos1;if ButtonDown==1;    pos=get(handles.axes1,'CurrentPoint');    line([pos1(1,1) pos(1,1)],[pos1(1,2) pos(1,2)],'LineWidth',4);    pos1=pos;end

function figure1_WindowButtonUpFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)global ButtonDownButtonDown=0;

19 20.界面响应键盘事件、界面修饰

• KeyPressFcn 回调函数
• CurrentCharacter

delete(gcf);%关闭窗口% 如果按下enter 执行内容if double(get(gcf,'CurrentCharacter'))==13    Load_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)end

• CData属性设置背景

% 在Open函数中设置A = imread('按钮.jpg');set(handles.pushbutton,'CData',A);

GUI与函数绑定以及带界面复杂程序开发待补充