Java中的深浅拷贝

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浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。

深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身,而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。

举例来说更加清楚:对象A1中包含对B1的引用,B1中包含对C1的引用。浅拷贝A1得到A2,A2 中依然包含对B1的引用,B1中依然包含对C1的引用。深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归,深拷贝A1得到A2,A2中包含对B2(B1的copy)的引用,B2 中包含对C2(C1的copy)的引用。

若不对clone()方法进行改写,则调用此方法得到的对象即为浅拷贝,下面我们着重谈一下深拷贝。

实现深拷贝有两种方式:

1、实现Serializable接口,通过对象的序列化和反序列化 实现克隆,可以实现真正的深度克隆;

2、实现Cloneable接口并重写Object类中的clone()方法,即可实现深度克隆。

运行下面的程序,看一看浅拷贝:

class Professor0 implements Cloneable {    String name;    int age;    Professor0(String name, int age) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;    }    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {        return super.clone();    }}
class Student0 implements Cloneable {    String name;// 常量对象。    int age;    Professor0 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。    Student0(String name, int age, Professor0 p) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;        this.p = p;    }    public Object clone() {        Student0 o = null;        try {            o = (Student0) super.clone();        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {            System.out.println(e.toString());        }        return o;    }}
public class ShallowCopy {    public static void main(String[] args) {        Professor0 p = new Professor0("wangwu", 50);        Student0 s1 = new Student0("zhangsan", 18, p);        Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();        s2.p.name = "lisi";        s2.p.age = 30;        s2.name = "z";        s2.age = 45;        System.out.println("学生s1的姓名:" + s1.name + "\n学生s1教授的姓名:" + s1.p.name + "," + "\n学生s1教授的年纪" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授    }}

代码结果:
学生s1的姓名:Zhangsan
学生s1教授的姓名:lisi,
学生s1教授的年纪:30

s2变了,但s1也变了,证明s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一个对象。这在我们有的实际需求中,却不是这样,因而我们需要深拷贝:

class Professor implements Cloneable {    String name;    int age;    Professor(String name, int age) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;    }    public Object clone() {        Object o = null;        try {            o = super.clone();        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {            System.out.println(e.toString());        }        return o;    }}
class Student implements Cloneable {    String name;    int age;    Professor p;    Student(String name, int age, Professor p) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;        this.p = p;    }    public Object clone() {        Student o = null;        try {            o = (Student) super.clone();        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {            System.out.println(e.toString());        }        o.p = (Professor) p.clone();        return o;    }}
public class DeepCopy {    public static void main(String args[]) {        long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();        Professor p = new Professor("wangwu", 50);        Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 18, p);        Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();        s2.p.name = "lisi";        s2.p.age = 30;        System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授不改变。        long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();        System.out.println(t2-t1);    }}

代码结果:
name=wangwu,age=50
1

当然我们还有一种深拷贝方法,就是将对象串行化

import java.io.*;//Serialization is time-consumingclass Professor2 implements Serializable {    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;    String name;    int age;    Professor2(String name, int age) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;    }}
class Student2 implements Serializable {    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;    String name;// 常量对象。    int age;    Professor2 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。    Student2(String name, int age, Professor2 p) {        this.name = name;        this.age = age;        this.p = p;    }    public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException,            ClassNotFoundException {        // 将对象写到流里        ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();        ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);        oo.writeObject(this);        // 从流里读出来        ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());        ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);        return (oi.readObject());    }}
public class DeepCopy2 {    public static void main(String[] args) throws OptionalDataException,            IOException, ClassNotFoundException {        long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();        Professor2 p = new Professor2("wangwu", 50);        Student2 s1 = new Student2("zhangsan", 18, p);        Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();        s2.p.name = "lisi";        s2.p.age = 30;        System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age); // 学生1的教授不改变。        long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();        System.out.println(t2-t1);    }}

代码结果:
name=wangwu,age=50
67

但是串行化却很耗时,在一些框架中,我们便可以感受到,它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多。

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