使用Maven搭建SpringMVC项目(入门详解)

1、新建一个Maven Project

 2、选择工作空间

 3、搭建Web工程，我们选择maven-archetype-webapp类型

 4、填写项目参数，如图

 5、以上步骤完成时的工程结构目录

 6、可以查看或修改发布目录

 7、确保勾选上Dynamic Web Module和Java

 8、完成以上步骤，我们的工程就是一个Web项目了，接着我们赋予工程的springmvc特性，配置web.xml，使其具有springmvc特性，主要配置两处，一个是ContextLoaderListener，一个是DispatcherServlet。代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee     http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">        <!-- 配置web.xml，使其具有springmvc特性，主要配置两处，一个是ContextLoaderListener，一个是DispatcherServlet -->        <context-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>    </context-param>    <!-- 配置ContextLoaderListener表示，该工程要以spring的方式启动。启动时会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找applicationContext.xml
作为spring容器的配置文件，该文件里可以初始化一些bean -->    <listener>        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>    </listener>        <!-- 字符集过滤器 -->      <filter>        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>        <init-param>            <param-name>encoding</param-name>            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>        </init-param>    </filter>    <filter-mapping>        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    </filter-mapping>        <!-- spring mvc 配置 -->    <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet表示，该工程将采用springmvc的方式。启动时也会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找XXX-servlet.xml作为配置文件，        XXX就是DispatcherServlet的名字，该文件中将配置两项重要的mvc特性：HandlerMapping,负责为DispatcherServlet这个前端控制器的请求查找Controller；        ViewResolver,负责为DispatcherServlet查找ModelAndView的视图解析器。        此处使用指定的配置文件spring-mvc.xml -->    <servlet>        <servlet-name>contacts</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>        <init-param>              <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>              <!--<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-mvc-servlet.xml</param-value>-->            <param-value>classpath*:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>        </init-param>          <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>      </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>contacts</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping>        <welcome-file-list>          <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>      </welcome-file-list>  </web-app>

9、配置ContextLoaderListener表示，该工程要以spring的方式启动。启动时会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找 applicationContext.xml作为spring容器的配置文件，这里可以初始化一些bean，如DataSource等。代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd">    <!-- bean definitions here -->    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.jxufe" />        <!-- 配置读取外部配置文件 -->    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"        destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"        p:url="${jdbc.url}" p:username="${jdbc.username}" p:password="${jdbc.password}" />    <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 此行语句使得resource autowired 等四个注解可以使用 -->        <!-- 实例化jdbcTemplate,同时注入数据源 -->    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"        p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" />        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->    <bean id="txManager"        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />    </bean>        <!-- 事务扫描开始(开启@Tranctional) -->    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" /></beans>

 10、配置DispatcherServlet表示，该工程将采用springmvc的方式。启动时也会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找XXX- servlet.xml作为配置文件，XXX就是DispatcherServlet的名字，该文件中将配置两项重要的mvc特性：ViewResolver,负责为DispatcherServlet查找ModelAndView的视图解析器。这里我们使用指定的xml配置文件spring-mvc.xml，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd    
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"default-lazy-init="true">    <!-- 启动事务添加配置 -->    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.jxufe">          <!-- 排除扫描service标签 -->        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service"/>       </context:component-scan>          <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">        <!-- 注册JASON转换器 -->        <property name="messageConverters">              <list>                  <ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/>                  <ref bean="utf8StringHttpMessageConverter"/>            </list>          </property>     </bean>        <bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">          <property name="supportedMediaTypes">              <list>                  <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>                <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>                  <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>            </list>          </property>      </bean>      <bean id="utf8StringHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">        <property name="supportedMediaTypes">            <list>                <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>                <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>                <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>            </list>        </property>    </bean>    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>    </bean>    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor"></bean>         <!-- 当配置了<mvc:annotation-driven/>后，会自动加载org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter，所以如果显示的配置则需去掉配置<mvc:annotation-driven/> -->    <!--<mvc:annotation-driven/>--></beans>

11、配置pom.xml文件，让maven自动配置jar包，代码如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>cn.jxufe</groupId>    <artifactId>SpringMVC-Maven</artifactId>    <packaging>war</packaging>    <version>1.0</version>    <name>SpringMVC-Maven Maven Webapp</name>    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>junit</groupId>            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>            <version>3.8.1</version>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <!-- spring begin -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>            <version>${spring.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>            <version>${spring.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>            <version>${spring.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>            <version>${spring.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>            <version>${spring.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>            <version>${spring.version}</version>        </dependency>        <!-- spring end -->        <!-- web jar -->        <dependency>            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>            <version>3.0.1</version>            <scope>provided</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>            <version>1.1.2</version>            <scope>provided</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>            <version>2.3.1</version>            <scope>provided</scope>        </dependency>        <!-- jackson jar -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>            <artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>            <version>1.9.11</version>        </dependency>        <!-- commons jar -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>            <version>3.3.2</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>            <version>2.4</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>            <version>4.0</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>            <version>1.1.3</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>            <version>1.8</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>            <version>1.8.3</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-chain</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-chain</artifactId>            <version>1.2</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>            <version>1.3.1</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-math3</artifactId>            <version>3.3</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>            <version>2.2</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-digester3</artifactId>            <version>3.2</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-net</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>            <version>3.3</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>            <version>1.5</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>            <version>1.3.3</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>            <version>1.4</version>        </dependency>        <!-- jstl jar -->        <dependency>            <groupId>jstl</groupId>            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>            <version>1.2</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>            <version>1.1.2</version>        </dependency>        <!-- 日志相关 -->        <dependency>            <groupId>log4j</groupId>            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>            <version>1.2.16</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>            <version>1.7.5</version>        </dependency>        <!-- 验证码kaptcha -->        <dependency>            <groupId>com.google.code</groupId>            <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>            <version>2.3.0</version>        </dependency>        <!-- mysql -->        <dependency>            <groupId>mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>            <version>5.1.31</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <finalName>SpringMVC-Maven</finalName>    </build></project>

12、完成以上步骤后，可以继续配置jdbc.properties、log4j.properties等文件。至此SpringMVC项目搭建完成，工程结构如下图：