SpringMVC 使用总结
来源：互联网 发布：开源直播app源码 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/06/16 19:42
一.基础入门
- 导入SpringMVC需要的jar包
<!--core--><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><!--web--><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version></dependency>- 添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
<!--配置DispatcherServlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>- 在resources添加springmvc-mvc.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"><mvc:annotation-driven/><mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <context:component-scan base-package="controller,intergrate.controller"/> <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean></beans>- 在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个success.jsp”
5.编写Controller代码
@Controllerpublic class CommonController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello() { //System.out.println("helloworld!"); return "success"; }}二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后，写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法【定义】上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的【入参】前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
/** * 1.自动匹配参数 */ @RequestMapping("/personWithParam") public String personWithParam(String name, int age) { System.out.println(name + ":" + age); return "success"; }五、自动装箱
package model;import java.io.Serializable;/** * Person * Created by heqianqian on 2017/4/27. */public class Person implements Serializable{ private String name; private int age; public Person() { } public Person(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; }} /** * 2.自动装箱 */ @RequestMapping("/personAutoPack") public String personAutoPack(Person person) { System.out.println(person.getName() + " " + person.getAge()); return "success"; }六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
/** * 3.使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数 */ @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date) { System.out.println(date); return "success"; } @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder) { binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); }七、向前台传递参数
/** * 4.向前台传递参数 */ @RequestMapping("/showParam") public String showParam(Map<String, Object> map) { Person p = new Person("heqianiqna", 12); map.put("person", p); return "person"; }八、使用Ajax调用
//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax@RequestMapping("/getPerson")public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+name); }@RequestMapping("/name")public String sayHello(){ return "name";}$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ alert(data); }); });});九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
/** * 5.使用redirect进行重定向 */ @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect() { return "redirect:/hello"; } @RequestMapping("/fileUpload") public String fileuploadUI() { return "upload_file"; }十、文件上传
引入依赖
<!--fileupload--> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency>在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"/> </bean>方法代码
/** * 6.文件上传 */ @RequestMapping("/uploadFile") public String uploadFile(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartHttpServletRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request; MultipartFile file = multipartHttpServletRequest.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss"); String filePath = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/") + "upload" + simpleDateFormat.format(new java.util.Date()) + fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filePath), "UTF-8")); BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(file.getInputStream(), "UTF-8")); String line = null; while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) { bufferedWriter.write(line); } bufferedWriter.flush(); bufferedWriter.close(); bufferedReader.close(); return "success"; }前台form表单
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %><html><head> <title>上传文件</title></head><body><form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/uploadFile" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file"/><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"/></form></body></html>十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
/** * 7.使用@RequestParam指定参数 */ @RequestMapping(value = "/appointParam", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String appointParam(@RequestParam("age") int age, @RequestParam("name") String name) { System.out.println(age + " " + name); return "success"; }十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
RestfulController
@Controller@RequestMapping(value = "/rest")public class RestfulController { @RequestMapping(value = "/form", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String form() { return "rest_form"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { System.out.println("get " + id); return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { System.out.println("post " + id); return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { System.out.println("put " + id); return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) { System.out.println("delete " + id); return "success"; }}form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
<!--配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter 可以使用put,delete,post,get--> <filter> <filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <input type="submit" value="put"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"></form><form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> <input type="submit" value="delete"></form>十三、返回json格式的字符串
引入依赖
<!--json--> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency>方法代码
@Controller@RequestMapping("/json")public class JsonController { /** * 返回json数据字符串 */ @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/getUser") public Person get() { return new Person("heqianqian", 20); }}十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常（Controller内）
@Controller@RequestMapping("/except")public class ExceptController { //ps:返回的视图是/WEB/INF/jsp/except/xx.jsp @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex) { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(); modelAndView.addObject("except", ex); System.out.println("exceptionHandler"); return modelAndView; } /** * 局部异常处理 */ @RequestMapping("/error") public String error() { int a = 2 / 0; return "success"; }}2.处理全局异常（所有Controller）
@ControllerAdvicepublic class ExceptControllerAdvice { //ps:返回的视图是/WEBINF/jsp/xxx.jsp @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex) { ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("except", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); return mv; }}3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean>十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
创建一个MyInterceptor类，并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { System.out.println("afterCompletion"); }}2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
<mvc:interceptors> <bean class="interceptor.MyInterceptor"/></mvc:interceptors>拦截器拦截顺序
十六、表单的验证（使用Hibernate-validate）及国际化
引入依赖
<!--Hibernate-validate和国际化--> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml</groupId> <artifactId>classmate</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.validation</groupId> <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId> <version>1.1.0.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jboss.logging</groupId> <artifactId>jboss-logging</artifactId> <version>3.1.4.GA</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.4.1.Final</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator-annotation-processor</artifactId> <version>5.4.1.Final</version> </dependency>编写实体类User并加上验证注解
public class User { private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past//表示时间必须是一个过去值 @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; }}ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"></form:form>ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
@Controller@RequestMapping("/form")public class FormController { @RequestMapping(value = "/add",method = RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ //因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user". map.put("user",new User()); return "add_user"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/add",method = RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User user, BindingResult bindingResult){//@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数 System.out.println(user.getName()); if (bindingResult.getErrorCount()>0){ return "add_user"; } return "show"; }}ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个”user”.
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be emptyPast.user.birth=birth should be a past valueDateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrongtypeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"/> </bean>6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号password=密码locale.properties中添加
username=user namepassword=password创建一个locale.jsp
<body> <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message></body>在SpringMVC中配置
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"/> </bean> <!--可以直接访问WEB-INF下的jsp页面--> <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建实体类
public class User { private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past//表示时间必须是一个过去值 @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; }}2.service类
@Servicepublic class UserService { public void save() { System.out.println("Save User"); }}3.Controller类
@Controller@RequestMapping("/intergrate")public class UserController { @Resource private UserService userService; @RequestMapping(value = "/save", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String saveUser() { return "save_user"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/save", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u) { System.out.println(u); userService.save(); return "success"; }}4.在web.xml中配置Spring
<!--配置Spring--> <listener> <display-name>contextLoaderListener</display-name> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-service.xml</param-value> </context-param>5.编写Spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!--包扫描--> <context:component-scan base-package="intergrate.service"/></beans>6.前端页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %><html><head> <title>存入用户信息</title></head><body><form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/intergrate/user" method="post"> id:<input type="text" name="id" title="id"/><br/> name:<input type="text" name="name" title="name"/><br/> date：<input type="text" name="birth" title="birth"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="submit"/></form></body></html>十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
0 0
- SpringMVC使用总结
- SpringMVC 使用总结
- springmvc表单使用总结
- SpringMVC 使用总结
- springmvc解析器使用总结
- springmvc与struts2使用总结
- springMVC中jsp-form标签使用总结
- 基于注解的springMVC使用总结
- 上传文件总结--使用springMVC+ajaxfileupload.js
- springmvc 注解使用的小总结
- springMVC中jsp-form标签使用总结
- springMVC总结
- springmvc总结
- SpringMVC总结
- springMvc总结
- springmvc总结
- SpringMVC总结
- Springmvc总结
- 给php加最新memcached模块
- 任务收益、任务优选，和任务收益
- HDU1710二叉树构造
- Cas（07）——建立使用Cas进行单点登录的应用
- Servlet基础知识
- SpringMVC 使用总结
- Android控件SwipeRefreshLayout实现下拉刷新上拉加载
- C# 抽象类
- 安卓工具类之app获取版本渠道信息工具类
- c++ 学习笔记--模板与标准模板库（一）
- phantomjs 入门尝试
- 17-并发服务器设计（并发、同步、互斥的区别）
- POJ 3928
- 2017北交校赛总结
