AngularJS的组件化、过滤器、自定义过滤器之旅

来源:互联网 发布:js toggleclass 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/06 07:41
    在现在的常规网页中,网页结构一般分为4种:上中下、左中右、上下、左右;一般中间的部分是发生改变的,而上下结构是不发生变动的。还有一些网页的设计很奇特,已进入网页,就会被网页中的各个功能所吸引,然而查看网页的源代码的时候,则发现它编写的代码很短,却实现了许多功能,要追其原因,那就是web前端工程师利用了AngularJS中的组件完成了这些。那么我接下来就说说我自己总结的AngularJS的组件化封装、过滤器的相关知识。。。。。。

一、组件化

什么是组件化?

       AngularJ作为一个模块化组件开发的web前端框架,对于视图进行组件化封装以达到重要的目的,是它非常优秀的一个亮点。
         组件化<component>:组件化是将页面中一部分UI封装起来进行重复使用,UI中的数据可以是不同的,甚至组件中可以对UI进行适当的业务逻辑处理,如链接跳转、数据运算等等。
组件选项:(1)template:组件替换模板字符串;(2)templateUrl:组件替换html模板页面;(3)controller:组件控制器。
例子:进行一个简单的组件:
<!DOCTYPE html><html ng-app="myApp"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <script src="js/lib/AngularJS/angular.min.js"></script></head><body><my-comp></my-comp><my-comp></my-comp><my-comp></my-comp><my-comp></my-comp><script>    var app = angular.module("myApp", []);    // 封装一个简单的组件    app.component("myComp", {        template:"<h1>组件化封装的内容<small>这是一个副标题</small></h1>"    });</script></body></html>
下面写一个组件化模板:
<!DOCTYPE html><html ng-app="myApp"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <script src="js/lib/AngularJS/angular.min.js"></script>    <script src="js/app/index3/index3.js"></script></head><body>    <goodslist></goodslist>    <ul>        <li>测试内容</li>        <li>测试内容</li>        <li>测试内容</li>    </ul></body></html>
var app = angular.module("myApp", []);app.component("goodslist", {    /*指定了组件使用的模板页面*/    templateUrl:"js/app/index3/partials/goodsList.html",    /*指定了组件使用的控制器*/    controller:function($scope) {        $scope.goodses = [            {goodsID:1, goodsName:"商品A", goodsPrice:44},            {goodsID:2, goodsName:"商品B", goodsPrice:59},            {goodsID:3, goodsName:"商品C", goodsPrice:449}        ]    }});
<ul class="gl-goodslist">    <li class="gl-goodslist-item" ng-repeat="g in goodses">        <span ng-bind="g.goodsID"></span>****        <span ng-bind="g.goodsName"></span>****        <span ng-bind="g.goodsPrice"></span>****    </li></ul><style>    .gl-goodslist{        list-style:none;    }    .gl-goodslist > .gl-goodslist-item{        font-size:18px;        color:orange;    }</style>
通过这个组件化模型,我们可以看出,HTML里减少了代码量,优化了代码,通过外链式的方式引入,给人一种简洁、整齐的感觉,让人一看就很舒服。通过这个例子,我们也可以看出组件化的操作编写步骤:
在这个例子中,补充一些组件样式的知识:
        (1)定义组件的个性化样式:采用的是默认样式;
(2)使用的时候,尽量不要使用页面中的标签选择器等等,很容易影响全局样式;
(3)独立组件的样式定义,通常以class名称+组件名称来定义,这样就可以将样式独立出来;
(4)组件化开发时,建议将当前组件的样式和标签写在一个文件中;
(5)组件越小越能重复使用越好!
网页开发与组件化开发时的区别:
常规网页开发时,为了方便项目后期维护,将HTML.CSS/JS代码分离;
组件化开发时,为了方便组件的后期维护,将HTML/CSS通常会写在一个页面中。
二、过滤器 、 自定义过滤器
什么是过滤器

(filter)

过滤器(filter)正如其名,作用就是接收一个输入,通过某个规则进行处理,然后返回处理后的
结果。主要用在数据的格式化上,例如获取一个数组中的子集,对数组中的元素进行排序等。
AngularJS中ng内置了一些过滤器:
(1)currency (货币处理);
(2)
date (日期格式化);
(3)filter(匹配子串);
(4)json(格式化json对象);
(5)limitTo(限制数组长度或字符串长度);
           (6)lowercase(小写)、uppercase(大写);
        (7)number(格式化数字);
        (8)
orderBy(排序);

过滤器入门案例:
<!DOCTYPE html><html ng-app="myApp"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <script src="js/lib/AngularJS/angular.min.js"></script></head><body><div ng-controller="myCtrl">    <div>        <h3>排序输出</h3>        排序关键词:<input type="text" ng-model="keyword">        排序顺序:<input type="checkbox" ng-model="sort">倒序        <br />        <ul>            <li ng-repeat="u in users | orderBy:keyword:sort">                <span ng-bind="u.userID"></span>****                <span ng-bind="u.username"></span>****                <span ng-bind="u.nickname"></span>            </li>        </ul>    </div>    <div>        <h3>字符串大小写转换过滤器</h3>        <div ng-bind="name"></div>        <div ng-bind="name | uppercase"></div>        <div ng-bind="name | lowercase"></div>    </div>    <div>        <h3>长度限制过滤器</h3>        长度:<input type="text" ng-model="length"><br />        位置:<input type="text" ng-model="index">        <br />        <ul>            <li ng-repeat="u in users | limitTo:length:index">                <span ng-bind="u.userID"></span>****                <span ng-bind="u.username"></span>****                <span ng-bind="u.nickname"></span>            </li>        </ul>    </div>    <div>        <h3>JSON过滤器</h3>        <p>            把数据中的对象,转换成JSON字符串的格式输出展示到页面上            经常能用于代码程序调试,使用较少!        </p>        <span ng-bind="users|json"></span>    </div>    <div>        <h3>过滤输出</h3>        关键词:<input type="text" ng-model="keyword">        <br />        <ul>            <li ng-repeat="u in users | filter:keyword">                <span ng-bind="u.userID"></span>****                <span ng-bind="u.username"></span>****                <span ng-bind="u.nickname"></span>            </li>        </ul>    </div>    <div>        <h3>日期时间过滤器</h3>        <div>            原始输出:<span ng-bind="date"></span>        </div>        <div>            日期格式化:<span ng-bind="date | date"></span>        </div>        <div>            日期格式化:通常情况下,需要按照用户的要求进行输出,这时候就会附带参数            y/M/d/h/m/s/E 年/月/日/时/分/秒/星期            <br />            <span ng-bind="date | date:'yyyy年MM月dd日 hh:mm:ss'"></span><br />            <span ng-bind="date | date:'yyyy年MM月dd日'"></span><br />            <span ng-bind="date | date:'hh:mm:ss'"></span><br />        </div>    </div>    <hr>    <h3>货币格式过滤器</h3>    <div>        原始输出数据的方式:<span ng-bind="price"></span>    </div>    <div>        通过拼接输出数据的方式:¥<span ng-bind="price"></span>.00    </div>    <hr/>    <div>        <p>            对于要展示的货币数据【原始数据就是数字】            按照指定的货币格式进行输出        </p>        货币过滤器输出:<span ng-bind="price | currency"></span><br />        货币过滤器输出:<span ng-bind="price | currency:'人命币¥'"></span><br />        货币过滤器输出:<span ng-bind="price | currency:'¥':3"></span><br />    </div></div><script>    var app = angular.module("myApp", []);    app.controller("myCtrl", ["$scope", function($scope) {        $scope.price = 499.1213;        $scope.date = new Date();        $scope.name = "John Smith";        $scope.users = [            {userID:1, username:"cat", nickname:"tom"},            {userID:2, username:"xiaofan", nickname:"张小凡"},            {userID:3, username:"biyao", nickname:"碧瑶"},            {userID:4, username:"luxueqi", nickname:"陆雪琪"},            {userID:5, username:"linjingyu", nickname:"林惊羽"},            {userID:6, username:"cengshushu", nickname:"曾书书"},            {userID:7, username:"zhuque", nickname:"朱雀"},            {userID:8, username:"qinglong", nickname:"青龙"},            {userID:9, username:"guiwang", nickname:"鬼王"},            {userID:10, username:"dushen", nickname:"赌神"},            {userID:11, username:"jinpiner", nickname:"金瓶儿"}        ]    }]);</script></body></html>
过滤器的应用代码:
<!DOCTYPE html><html ng-app="myApp"><head>    <meta charset="UTF-8">    <title>Title</title>    <link rel="stylesheet" href="js/lib/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">    <script src="js/lib/AngularJS/angular.min.js"></script></head><body><div class="container">    <div class="row">        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">            <div class="page-header"><h2>商品列表</h2></div>        </div>    </div>    <div class="row">        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">            <div class="form-group">                <label>排序</label>                排序关键词:                <select ng-model="keyword">                    <option value="price">价格</option>                    <option value="name">名称</option>                    <option value="sales">销量</option>                    <option value="hot">人气</option>                    <option value="commLevel">评价</option>                </select>                排序顺序:<input type="checkbox" ng-model="sort">            </div>            <div class="form-group">                <label>筛选</label>                <input type="text" class="from-control" ng-model="kw">            </div>        </div>    </div>    <div class="row" ng-controller="myCtrl">        <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">            <table class="table table-striped table-hover">                <tr>                    <th>#</th>                    <th>名称</th>                    <th>价格</th>                    <th>销量</th>                    <th>评价</th>                    <th>人气</th>                </tr>                <tr ng-repeat="g in goodses | orderBy:keyword:sort | filter:kw">                    <th><span ng-bind="$index+1"></span></th>                    <th><span ng-bind="g.name"></span></th>                    <th><span ng-bind="g.price"></span></th>                    <th><span ng-bind="g.sales"></span></th>                    <th><span ng-bind="g.commLevel"></span></th>                    <th><span ng-bind="g.hot"></span></th>                </tr>            </table>        </div>    </div></div><script>    var app = angular.module("myApp", []);    app.controller("myCtrl", function ($scope) {        /*         id编号 name名称 price价格 sales销量 commLevel评价等级  hot热度/人气         */        $scope.goodses = [            {id: 1, name: "商品A", price: 123, sales: 10230, commLevel: 5, hot: 10},            {id: 2, name: "商品B", price: 134, sales: 1040, commLevel: 5, hot: 110},            {id: 3, name: "商品C", price: 113, sales: 10230, commLevel: 5, hot: 102},            {id: 4, name: "商品D", price: 1433, sales: 100, commLevel: 5, hot: 103},            {id: 5, name: "商品E", price: 153, sales: 1020, commLevel: 5, hot: 104},            {id: 6, name: "商品F", price: 153, sales: 13400, commLevel: 5, hot: 130},            {id: 7, name: "商品G", price: 173, sales: 10450, commLevel: 5, hot: 102},            {id: 8, name: "商品H", price: 183, sales: 10012, commLevel: 5, hot: 104},            {id: 9, name: "商品I", price: 193, sales: 10540, commLevel: 5, hot: 106},            {id: 10, name: "商品J", price: 123, sales: 13400, commLevel: 5, hot: 1110},            {id: 11, name: "商品K", price: 13, sales: 1050, commLevel: 5, hot: 102},            {id: 12, name: "商品L", price: 133, sales: 107670, commLevel: 5, hot: 1330},            {id: 13, name: "商品M", price: 143, sales: 1080, commLevel: 5, hot: 1012},            {id: 14, name: "商品N", price: 153, sales: 15600, commLevel: 5, hot: 1320},            {id: 15, name: "商品O", price: 13, sales: 12300, commLevel: 5, hot: 1023},            {id: 16, name: "商品P", price: 13, sales: 10450, commLevel: 5, hot: 1120},            {id: 17, name: "商品Q", price: 173, sales: 1020, commLevel: 5, hot: 1120},            {id: 18, name: "商品R", price: 13, sales: 1005, commLevel: 5, hot: 1013},            {id: 19, name: "商品S", price: 1233, sales: 121300, commLevel: 5, hot: 11310},            {id: 20, name: "商品T", price: 123, sales: 10120, commLevel: 5, hot: 112120},        ]    });</script></body></html>


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