HashMap源码于都笔记
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public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V> implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L; /** * 默认的大小- 必须是2的次幂 */ static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16 /** * 最大的大小值 * 所以HashMap的大小取值是 2 <= 1<<30之间的2的幂 */ static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; /** * 默认加载因子 加载因子X容量=哈希Map的数据长度大小 */ static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8; static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6; static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64; /** * 基本的哈希节点 哈希桶数组 */ static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { final int hash;//用来定位数组索引位置 final K key; V value; Node<K,V> next;//链表的下一个node Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) { this.hash = hash; this.key = key; this.value = value; this.next = next; } public final K getKey() { return key; } public final V getValue() { return value; } public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; } // 哈希函数 是key和value的哈希值按位异或 public final int hashCode() { return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value); } public final V setValue(V newValue) { V oldValue = value; value = newValue; return oldValue; } // 覆写equals函数 public final boolean equals(Object o) { if (o == this) return true; if (o instanceof Map.Entry) { Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o; if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) && Objects.equals(value, e.getValue())) return true; } return false; } }// 计算键值的哈希值 static final int hash(Object key) { // h = key.hashCode() 为第一步 取hashCode值 // h ^ (h >>> 16) 为第二步 高位参与运算 int h; return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16); } static Class<?> comparableClassFor(Object x) { if (x instanceof Comparable) { Class<?> c; Type[] ts, as; Type t; ParameterizedType p; if ((c = x.getClass()) == String.class) // bypass checks return c; if ((ts = c.getGenericInterfaces()) != null) { for (int i = 0; i < ts.length; ++i) { if (((t = ts[i]) instanceof ParameterizedType) && ((p = (ParameterizedType)t).getRawType() == Comparable.class) && (as = p.getActualTypeArguments()) != null && as.length == 1 && as[0] == c) // type arg is c return c; } } } return null; } @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) // for cast to Comparable static int compareComparables(Class<?> kc, Object k, Object x) { return (x == null || x.getClass() != kc ? 0 : ((Comparable)k).compareTo(x)); } static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) { int n = cap - 1; n |= n >>> 1; n |= n >>> 2; n |= n >>> 4; n |= n >>> 8; n |= n >>> 16; return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1; }//哈希Map的表 transient Node<K,V>[] table;//保存哈希Map的数据元素 transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;//哈希Map的数据长度大小 transient int size; transient int modCount; // 所能容纳的key-value对极限 int threshold; //哈希Map的加载因子 final float loadFactor; public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity); if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor); this.loadFactor = loadFactor; this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity); } public HashMap(int initialCapacity) { this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR); } public HashMap() { this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted } public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) { this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; putMapEntries(m, false); } final void putMapEntries(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m, boolean evict) { int s = m.size(); if (s > 0) { if (table == null) { // pre-size float ft = ((float)s / loadFactor) + 1.0F; int t = ((ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? (int)ft : MAXIMUM_CAPACITY); if (t > threshold) threshold = tableSizeFor(t); }else if (s > threshold) resize();//添加的哈希Map的数据长度大于临界值，重新设置长度大小 for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) { K key = e.getKey(); V value = e.getValue(); putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, evict); } } } public int size() { return size; } public boolean isEmpty() { return size == 0; } //获取给定Key值的Value public V get(Object key) { Node<K,V> e; return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value; } // 在哈希表中找到对应Key的Value final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k; if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 && (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) { if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return first; if ((e = first.next) != null) { if (first instanceof TreeNode) return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key); do { if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return e; } while ((e = e.next) != null); } } return null; } public boolean containsKey(Object key) { return getNode(hash(key), key) != null; } public V put(K key, V value) { return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true); } final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict) { /** ①.判断键值对数组table[i]是否为空或为null，否则执行resize()进行扩容；②.根据键值key计算hash值得到插入的数组索引i，如果table[i]==null，直接新建节点添加，转向⑥，如果table[i]不为空，转向③；③.判断table[i]的首个元素是否和key一样，如果相同直接覆盖value，否则转向④，这里的相同指的是hashCode以及equals；④.判断table[i] 是否为treeNode，即table[i] 是否是红黑树，如果是红黑树，则直接在树中插入键值对，否则转向⑤；⑤.遍历table[i]，判断链表长度是否大于8，大于8的话把链表转换为红黑树，在红黑树中执行插入操作，否则进行链表的插入操作；遍历过程中若发现key已经存在直接覆盖value即可；⑥.插入成功后，判断实际存在的键值对数量size是否超多了最大容量threshold，如果超过，进行扩容。 */ Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i; // 步骤①：tab为空则创建 if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) n = (tab = resize()).length; // 步骤②：计算index，并对null做处理 if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); else { Node<K,V> e; K k; // 步骤③：节点key存在，直接覆盖value if (p.hash == hash && ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) e = p; // 步骤④：判断该链为红黑树 else if (p instanceof TreeNode) e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); // 步骤⑤：该链为链表 else { for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { if ((e = p.next) == null) { p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); //链表长度大于8转换为红黑树进行处理 if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st treeifyBin(tab, hash); break; } // key已经存在直接覆盖value if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) break; p = e; } } if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key V oldValue = e.value; if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null) e.value = value; afterNodeAccess(e); return oldValue; } } ++modCount; // 步骤⑥：超过最大容量 就扩容 if (++size > threshold) resize(); afterNodeInsertion(evict); return null; } final Node<K,V>[] resize() { Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;//引用扩容前的Entry数组 int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length; int oldThr = threshold; int newCap, newThr = 0; if (oldCap > 0) { // 超过最大值就不再扩充了，就只好随你碰撞去吧 if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return oldTab; } // 没超过最大值，就扩充为原来的2倍 else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold } else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold newCap = oldThr; else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY; newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY); } // 计算新的resize上限 if (newThr == 0) { float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor; newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ? (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE); } threshold = newThr; @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap]; table = newTab; if (oldTab != null) { // 把每个bucket都移动到新的buckets中 for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) { Node<K,V> e; if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) { oldTab[j] = null; if (e.next == null) newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e; else if (e instanceof TreeNode) ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap); else { // 链表优化重hash的代码块 Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null; Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null; Node<K,V> next; do { next = e.next; // 原索引 if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) { if (loTail == null) loHead = e; else loTail.next = e; loTail = e; } // 原索引+oldCap else { if (hiTail == null) hiHead = e; else hiTail.next = e; hiTail = e; } } while ((e = next) != null); // 原索引放到bucket里 if (loTail != null) { loTail.next = null; newTab[j] = loHead; } // 原索引+oldCap放到bucket里 if (hiTail != null) { hiTail.next = null; newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead; } } } } } return newTab; } ... ... ...}参考资料
美团点评技术团队 Java 8系列之重新认识HashMap
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