An A-Z Index of the Bash command line for Linux.摘自https://ss64.com

An A-Z Index of the Bash command line for Linux.

  alias    Create an alias •  apropos  Search Help manual pages (man -k)  apt-get  Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)  aptitude Search for and install software packages (Debian/Ubuntu)  aspell   Spell Checker  awk      Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/indexb  basename Strip directory and suffix from filenames  bash     GNU Bourne-Again SHell   bc       Arbitrary precision calculator language   bg       Send to background  bind     Set or display readline key and function bindings •  break    Exit from a loop •  builtin  Run a shell builtin  bzip2    Compress or decompress named file(s)c  cal      Display a calendar  case     Conditionally perform a command  cat      Concatenate and print (display) the content of files  cd       Change Directory  cfdisk   Partition table manipulator for Linux  chgrp    Change group ownership  chmod    Change access permissions  chown    Change file owner and group  chroot   Run a command with a different root directory  chkconfig System services (runlevel)  cksum    Print CRC checksum and byte counts  clear    Clear terminal screen  cmp      Compare two files  comm     Compare two sorted files line by line  command  Run a command - ignoring shell functions •  continue Resume the next iteration of a loop •  cp       Copy one or more files to another location  cron     Daemon to execute scheduled commands  crontab  Schedule a command to run at a later time  csplit   Split a file into context-determined pieces  curl     Transfer data  from or to a server  cut      Divide a file into several partsd  date     Display or change the date & time  dc       Desk Calculator  dd       Convert and copy a file, write disk headers, boot records  ddrescue Data recovery tool  declare  Declare variables and give them attributes •  df       Display free disk space  diff     Display the differences between two files  diff3    Show differences among three files  dig      DNS lookup  dir      Briefly list directory contents  dircolors Colour setup for `ls'  dirname  Convert a full pathname to just a path  dirs     Display list of remembered directories  dmesg    Print kernel & driver messages   du       Estimate file space usagee  echo     Display message on screen •  egrep    Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression  eject    Eject removable media  enable   Enable and disable builtin shell commands •  env      Environment variables  ethtool  Ethernet card settings  eval     Evaluate several commands/arguments  exec     Execute a command  exit     Exit the shell  expect   Automate arbitrary applications accessed over a terminal  expand   Convert tabs to spaces  export   Set an environment variable  expr     Evaluate expressionsf  false    Do nothing, unsuccessfully  fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk  fdisk    Partition table manipulator for Linux  fg       Send job to foreground   fgrep    Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string  file     Determine file type  find     Search for files that meet a desired criteria  fmt      Reformat paragraph text  fold     Wrap text to fit a specified width.  for      Expand words, and execute commands  format   Format disks or tapes  free     Display memory usage  fsck     File system consistency check and repair  ftp      File Transfer Protocol  function Define Function Macros  fuser    Identify/kill the process that is accessing a fileg  gawk     Find and Replace text within file(s)  getopts  Parse positional parameters  grep     Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern  groupadd Add a user security group  groupdel Delete a group  groupmod Modify a group  groups   Print group names a user is in  gzip     Compress or decompress named file(s)h  hash     Remember the full pathname of a name argument  head     Output the first part of file(s)  help     Display help for a built-in command •  history  Command History  hostname Print or set system name  htop     Interactive process vieweri  iconv    Convert the character set of a file  id       Print user and group id's  if       Conditionally perform a command  ifconfig Configure a network interface  ifdown   Stop a network interface   ifup     Start a network interface up  import   Capture an X server screen and save the image to file  install  Copy files and set attributes  iostat   Report CPU and i/o statistics  ip       Routing, devices and tunnelsj  jobs     List active jobs •  join     Join lines on a common fieldk  kill     Kill a process by specifying its PID  killall  Kill processes by namel  less     Display output one screen at a time  let      Perform arithmetic on shell variables •  link     Create a link to a file   ln       Create a symbolic link to a file  local    Create a function variable •  locate   Find files  logname  Print current login name  logout   Exit a login shell •  look     Display lines beginning with a given string  lpc      Line printer control program  lpr      Off line print  lprint   Print a file  lprintd  Abort a print job  lprintq  List the print queue  lprm     Remove jobs from the print queue  lsblk    List block devices  ls       List information about file(s)  lsof     List open filesm  make     Recompile a group of programs  man      Help manual  mkdir    Create new folder(s)  mkfifo   Make FIFOs (named pipes)  mkisofs  Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem  mknod    Make block or character special files  more     Display output one screen at a time  most     Browse or page through a text file  mount    Mount a file system  mtools   Manipulate MS-DOS files  mtr      Network diagnostics (traceroute/ping)  mv       Move or rename files or directories  mmv      Mass Move and rename (files)n  nc       Netcat, read and write data across networks  netstat  Networking information  nice     Set the priority of a command or job  nl       Number lines and write files  nohup    Run a command immune to hangups  notify-send  Send desktop notifications  nslookup Query Internet name servers interactivelyo  open     Open a file in its default application  op       Operator access p  passwd   Modify a user password  paste    Merge lines of files  pathchk  Check file name portability  ping     Test a network connection  pgrep    List processes by name  pkill    Kill processes by name  popd     Restore the previous value of the current directory  pr       Prepare files for printing  printcap Printer capability database  printenv Print environment variables  printf   Format and print data •  ps       Process status  pushd    Save and then change the current directory  pv       Monitor the progress of data through a pipe   pwd      Print Working Directoryq  quota    Display disk usage and limits  quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usager  ram      ram disk device  rar      Archive files with compression  rcp      Copy files between two machines  read     Read a line from standard input •  readarray Read from stdin into an array variable •  readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly  reboot   Reboot the system  rename   Rename files  renice   Alter priority of running processes   remsync  Synchronize remote files via email  return   Exit a shell function  rev      Reverse lines of a file  rm       Remove files  rmdir    Remove folder(s)  rsync    Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)s  screen   Multiplex terminal, run remote shells via ssh  scp      Secure copy (remote file copy)  sdiff    Merge two files interactively  sed      Stream Editor  select   Accept keyboard input  seq      Print numeric sequences  set      Manipulate shell variables and functions  sftp     Secure File Transfer Program  shift    Shift positional parameters  shopt    Shell Options  shutdown Shutdown or restart linux  sleep    Delay for a specified time  slocate  Find files  sort     Sort text files  source   Run commands from a file '.'  split    Split a file into fixed-size pieces  ss       Socket Statistics  ssh      Secure Shell client (remote login program)  stat     Display file or file system status   strace   Trace system calls and signals  su       Substitute user identity  sudo     Execute a command as another user  sum      Print a checksum for a file  suspend  Suspend execution of this shell •  sync     Synchronize data on disk with memoryt  tail     Output the last part of file  tar      Store, list or extract files in an archive  tee      Redirect output to multiple files  test     Evaluate a conditional expression  time     Measure Program running time  timeout  Run a command with a time limit  times    User and system times  touch    Change file timestamps  top      List processes running on the system  tput     Set terminal-dependent capabilities, color, position  traceroute Trace Route to Host  trap     Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)  tr       Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters  true     Do nothing, successfully  tsort    Topological sort  tty      Print filename of terminal on stdin  type     Describe a command •u  ulimit   Limit user resources •  umask    Users file creation mask  umount   Unmount a device  unalias  Remove an alias •  uname    Print system information  unexpand Convert spaces to tabs  uniq     Uniquify files  units    Convert units from one scale to another  unrar    Extract files from a rar archive   unset    Remove variable or function names  unshar   Unpack shell archive scripts  until    Execute commands (until error)  uptime   Show uptime  useradd  Create new user account  userdel  Delete a user account  usermod  Modify user account  users    List users currently logged in  uuencode Encode a binary file   uudecode Decode a file created by uuencodev  v        Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')  vdir     Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')  vi       Text Editor  vmstat   Report virtual memory statisticsw  wait     Wait for a process to complete •  watch    Execute/display a program periodically  wc       Print byte, word, and line counts  whereis  Search the user's $path, man pages and source files for a program  which    Search the user's $path for a program file  while    Execute commands  who      Print all usernames currently logged in  whoami   Print the current user id and name (`id -un')  wget     Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP  write    Send a message to another user x  xargs    Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)  xdg-open Open a file or URL in the user's preferred application.  xz       Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files  yes      Print a string until interrupted  zip      Package and compress (archive) files.  .        Run a command script in the current shell  !!       Run the last command again  ###      Comment / Remark

Bash syntax
  Arguments    Shell parameters  Array variables Array Variables  Variables     Local and Environment variables  functions     Define Function Macros  Permissions   Allow or Deny actions  Redirection   Spooling to and from files  Pipes         Redirect the output from one command as input for another
Looping constructs:
  if-then-else Conditionally perform a command  for          Expand words, and execute commands  until        Execute commands (until error)   while        Execute commands  The break and continue builtins can be used to control loop execution.
Evaluating expressions:
  Arithmetic expressions  Using brackets to Group and expand expressions  Conditional Execution command-A AND/OR command-B  Comparison Operators exists, greater than, equal to  Shell expansion and Pattern matching (Wildcards)   Escape Characters, delimiters and Quotes  File operators -f  Command Substitution
Working with the bash Shell:
  Run a bash shell script  vi editor     vi commands  Here documents and Here Strings  Keyboard      Cursor control - Cut & paste   Job Control   Suspend and resume a process  .bashrc       Startup files (Startup scripts and Aliases)  .inputrc      Startup files (Set Key bindings and Tab completion)  Prompt        Prompt variable  ###           Comment / Remark  BashBangSplat Pronunciation guide for unix
Note that wherever a `;' appears in the description of a command's syntax, it can be replaced with one or more newlines.