SpringMVC整合JPA

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这篇文章是在SpringMVC的基础上对数据持久层JPA的整合，实现了应用层和数据库的数据交互。在整合JPA前，请先参照下面第一篇博文搭建好SpringMVC框架。

一. 和本篇博文相关的一些基础知识请参考下面几篇博文：

SpringMVC框架的搭建和配置详解请参考：http://blog.csdn.net/jianyuerensheng/article/details/51258942。
JPA的ORM框架原理介绍请参考：http://blog.csdn.net/jianyuerensheng/article/details/50804360。
JPA生命周期、映射关系详解请参考：http://blog.csdn.net/jianyuerensheng/article/details/50819155。

二.JAP的配置过程：

项目整体结构如下：
这里写图片描述

1.在web.xml文件中进行配置

<!-- 引入 applicationContext.xml配置文件 -->    <context-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>classpath*:META-INF/spring/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>    </context-param>    <!-- 解决JPA因EntityManager关闭导致的延迟加载例外（异常） -->    <filter>        <filter-name>Spring OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>        <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-class>    </filter>    <filter-mapping>        <filter-name>Spring OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    </filter-mapping>1
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2. 添加spring上下文配置文件applicationContext.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"  ?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"    xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/task          http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd  ">    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zjn.service" />    <bean id="configProperties"        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean">        <property name="locations">            <list>                <value>classpath*:META-INF/spring/*.properties</value>            </list>        </property>    </bean>    <bean id="propertyConfigurer"        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer">        <property name="properties" ref="configProperties"></property>    </bean>    <!-- 当 Spring 容器启动时，AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 将扫描 Spring 容器中所有         Bean，当发现 Bean 中拥有@Autowired 注释时就找到和其匹配（默认按类型匹配）的 Bean，并注入到对应的地方中去。 -->    <bean        class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />    <!-- Jpa 事务配置 -->    <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"        id="transactionManager">        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />    </bean>    <!--jpaVendorAdapter:指定实现JPA的适配器 -->    <bean id="jpaVendorAdapter"        class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">        <property name="showSql" value="true" />        <property name="database" value="${database}" />        <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect" />    </bean>    <!-- JPA实体管理工厂的配置 -->    <bean        class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"        id="entityManagerFactory">        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="persistenceUnit" />        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter" ref="jpaVendorAdapter" />    </bean>    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"        destroy-method="close">        <property name="driverClassName" value="${database.driverClassName}" />        <property name="url" value="${database.url}" />        <property name="username" value="${database.username}" />        <property name="password" value="${database.password}" />        <property name="testOnBorrow" value="true" />        <property name="testOnReturn" value="true" />        <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />        <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="1800000" />        <property name="numTestsPerEvictionRun" value="3" />        <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="1800000" />        <property name="defaultAutoCommit" value="false" />    </bean>    <!-- Spring Data Jpa配置 -->    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.zjn.repository"        entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories></beans>1
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3. 添加JPA配置文件 persistence.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?><persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="2.0"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">    <persistence-unit name="persistenceUnit"        transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">        <properties>            <property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size" value="30" />            <property name="hibernate.use_sql_comments" value="true" />            <!--自动输出schema创建DDL语句 -->            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" />            <property name="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy" value="org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.charSet" value="UTF-8" />        </properties>    </persistence-unit></persistence>1
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4. 数据库配置文件 database.properties

database=MYSQLdatabase.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring?zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&characterEncoding=UTF-8&characterSetResults=UTF-8database.username=rootdatabase.password=smit0296139database.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver1
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5.UserRepository.Java

package com.zjn.repository;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;import com.zjn.entity.User;public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {    @Query("select u from User u where id = :id")    public User findById(@Param("id") Long id);    @Query("select u from User u ")    public List<User> findAlls();    @Query("select count(id) from User u ")    public Long countId();}1
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6.UserController.java

package com.zjn.controller;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import com.zjn.entity.User;import com.zjn.repository.UserRepository;/** * 用户管理 *  * @author zjn */@Controllerpublic class UserController {    @Autowired    UserRepository userRepository;    @RequestMapping("")    public String Create(Model model) {        return "create";    }    @RequestMapping("/save")    public String Save(@ModelAttribute("form") User user, Model model) { // user:视图层传给控制层的表单对象；model：控制层返回给视图层的对象        User user2 = userRepository.saveAndFlush(user);        model.addAttribute("user", user2);        return "detail";    }}1
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7.运行结果
初始化界面：
这里写图片描述
输入内容：

点击创建运行结果：

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