静默模式下的rac部署安装
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一、准备两台linux机器（两网卡，多块共享硬盘）
1、linux版本
$ uname -a
Linux rac1 2.6.32-642.15.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 24 14:31:22 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
2、准备oracle安装包
官网地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
二、预安装准备
1、采用yum安装必要的包(仅供参考，每个节点执行)，如下：
$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
$ mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
修改源为阿里源
$ wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
清除YUM缓存
$ yum clean all
将服务器上的软件包信息缓存到本地缓存,以提高搜索和安装软件的速度
$ yum makecache
$ yum install -y binutils*
$ yum install -y compat-libstdc*
$ yum install -y compat-libcap*
$ yum install -y elfutils-libelf*
$ yum install -y gcc*
$ yum install -y glibc*
$ yum install -y ksh*
$ yum install -y libaio*
$ yum install -y libgcc*
$ yum install -y libstdc*
$ yum install -y make*
$ yum install -y sysstat*
$ yum install -y libXp*
$ yum install -y glibc-kernheaders*
$ yum install -y libaio*
$ yum install -y compat-libstdc*
$ yum install -y libaio-devel*
$ yum install -y libgcc*
$ yum install -y unixODBC*
$ yum install -y unixODBC-devel*
$ yum install -y pdksh*
$ yum install -y rsh*
$ yum install -y cvuqdisk*
$ yum install -y compat-libcap1
$ yum install -y libcap*
注：后期安装GI和oracle检查会提示缺什么包，再下载安装。安装包时可能与其他有冲突，卸掉原来的或强制装。
$ rpm -vih pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
warning: pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
pdksh conflicts with ksh-20120801-33.el6.x86_64
$ rpm -e ksh-20120801-33.el6.x86_64
$ rpm -vih pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
warning: pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:pdksh ########################################### [100%]
创建后oinstall组后 cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm 包方可安装成功
$ rpm -vih pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
warning: pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID e8562897: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:pdksh ########################################### [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -vih cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
Using default group oinstall to install package
Group oinstall not found in /etc/group
oinstall : Group doesn't exist.
Please define environment variable CVUQDISK_GRP with the correct group to be used
error: %pre(cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.x86_64) scriptlet failed, exit status 1
error: install: %pre scriptlet failed (2), skipping cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1
如果出现以下问题：
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
The other application is: PackageKit
Memory : 57 M RSS (365 MB VSZ)
Started: Fri Mar 10 03:42:13 2017 - 30:41 ago
通过强制关掉yum进程：
$ rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
检查数据包
$ yum install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc- gcc-c++ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh ksh compat-libcap1
2、关防火墙：（每个节点执行）
临时关闭（重启失效）：
$ service iptables stop
永久关闭：
$ chkconfig iptables off
3、禁用SELINUX（每个节点执行）
$ sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
及时生效
$ setenforce 0
4、修改hostname
rac1-> sed -i "s/HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain/HOSTNAME=rac1/" /etc/sysconfig/network
及时生效
rac1-> hostname rac1
在第二节点2
rac2-> sed -i "s/HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain/HOSTNAME=rac2/" /etc/sysconfig/network
及时生效
rac2-> hostname rac2
5、修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件（每个节点执行）
就可以防止本地登入一直回复到login状态
$ echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
6、修改sysctl.conf 配置文件(#本机器默认,每个节点执行)
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
$ cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
EOF
注:参数的意义
shmmax：该参数定义了共享内存段的最大尺寸（以字节为单位）。缺省为32M，对oracle来说，该缺省值太低了，这个设置的比SGA_MAX_SIZE大比较好。
shmall：该参数表示系统可以使用的共享内存总量（以页为单位）。Linux共享内存页大小为4KB，缺省值就是2097152
注：shmall 是全部允许使用的共享内存大小，shmmax 是单个段允许使用的大小。这两个可以设置为内存的 90%。例如 16G 内存，
1610241024102490% = 15461882265，shmall 的大小为 15461882265/4k(getconf PAGESIZE可得到) = 3774873。
shmmin：最小的内存segment的大小
shmmni：这个内核参数用于设置系统范围内共享内存段的最大数量。该参数的默认值是 4096 。
shmseg：每个进程可以使用的内存segment的最大个数
fs.aio-max-nr：指的是 同时可以拥有的的异步IO请求数目。
fs.file-max：这个参数表示进程可以同时打开的最大句柄数，这个参数直接限制最大并发连接数。
sem：该参数表示设置的信号量。
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range：这个参数定义了在UDP和TCP连接中本地端口的取值范围。表示应用程序可使用的IPv4端口范围。
net.core.rmem_max：设置客户端的最大接收缓存大小
net.core.wmem_max：buffer of socket max size
让配置生效：
$ sysctl -p
7、增加用户（每个节点执行）
7.1 创建用户组及用户
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 507 oper
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmoper
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmdba
$ /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
$ /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
$ cat /etc/group
7.2 修改用户密码：
$ passwd grid
$ passwd oracle
$ id oracle
$ id grid
7.3 创建目录及赋权
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
$ chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
$ chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
$ chmod -R 775 /u01
8、修改/etc/profile在后部追加（每个节点执行）
$ vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
export GRID_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export PATH=$GRID_HOME/bin:$PATH
9、修改/etc/security/limits.conf 文件，增加内容如下：（每个节点执行）
$ vi /etc/security/limits.conf
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 2048
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 2048
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
注:soft 指的是当前系统生效的设置值。hard 表明系统中所能设定的最大值。
grid soft nproc 2047 #（软）定义用户grid的最大进程数为2047
grid hard nproc 16384 #（硬）定义用户grid的最大进程数为16384
nofile -- 打开文件的最大数目
stack -- 最大栈大小
noproc -- 进程的最大数目
10、创建磁盘(VMware)
10.1 创建磁盘文件
打开windows命令窗口
$ cmd
cd到vmware-vdiskmanager.exe 所安装的目录下执行
E:>cd vm
E:vm> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 1000Mb -a lsilogic -t 2 E:CentOS1sharediskocr1.vmdk
Creating disk 'E:CentOS1sharediskocr1.vmdk'
Create: 100% done.
Virtual disk creation successful.
E:vm> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 1000Mb -a lsilogic -t 2 E:CentOS1sharediskocr2.vmdk
E:vm> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 1000Mb -a lsilogic -t 2 E:CentOS1sharediskocr3.vmdk
E:vm> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 1000Mb -a lsilogic -t 2 E:CentOS1sharediskocr4.vmdk
E:vm> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 5000Mb -a lsilogic -t 2 E:CentOS1sharediskdata1.vmdk
E:vm> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 5000Mb -a lsilogic -t 2 E:CentOS1sharediskdata2.vmdk
E:vm> vmware-vdiskmanager.exe -c -s 5000Mb -a lsilogic -t 2 E:CentOS1sharediskfra.vmdk
10.2 在虚拟机上增加硬盘
编辑虚拟机1设置->添加->硬盘->下一步->使用现有虚拟磁盘->文件（选择上面创建的磁盘文件）->完成->保持现有格式
把一节点的配置文件复制到另个节点 vi E:vmCentOS2.vmx
scsi1:0.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:0.fileName = "E:CentOS1sharediskocr1.vmdk"
scsi1:1.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:1.fileName = "E:CentOS1sharediskocr2.vmdk"
scsi1:2.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:2.fileName = "E:CentOS1sharediskocr3.vmdk"
scsi1:3.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:3.fileName = "E:CentOS1sharediskocr4.vmdk"
scsi1:4.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:4.fileName = "E:CentOS1sharediskdata1.vmdk"
scsi1:5.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:5.fileName = "E:CentOS1sharediskfra.vmdk"
scsi1:6.present = "TRUE"
scsi1:6.fileName = "E:CentOS1sharediskdata2.vmdk"
disk.locking="false"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.DataCacheMinReadAheadSize = "0"
diskLib.dataCachePageSize = "4096"
diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites = "0"
编辑虚拟机2设置->添加->硬盘->下一步->使用现有虚拟磁盘->文件（选择上面创建的磁盘文件）->完成->保持现有格式
10.3 分区，可以不挂载（每个节点执行）
$ fdisk -l
$ fdisk /dev/sdb
$ fdisk /dev/sdc
$ fdisk /dev/sdd
$ fdisk /dev/sde
$ fdisk /dev/sdf
$ fdisk /dev/sdg
$ fdisk /dev/sdh
m->n->p->1->回车->回车->p->w
--------可用下面代替
for i in b c d e f g h
do
fdisk /dev/sd$i <<EOF
m
n
p
1
p
w
EOF
done
11、配置和检查网络, (在服务器上各增加1块网络适配器,以hostonly模式用于私网心跳，在所有节点上执行)
11.1修改节点的host配置（每个节点执行）
cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF
192.168.91.140 rac1.burton.com rac1
192.168.214.130 rac1-priv.burton.com rac1-priv
192.168.91.152 rac1-vip.burton.com rac1-vip
192.168.91.142 rac2.burton.com rac2
192.168.214.131 rac2-priv.burton.com rac2-priv
192.168.91.153 rac2-vip.burton.com rac2-vip
192.168.91.154 scan-ip.burton.com scan-ip
EOF
11.2修改网卡配置（其他节点只要修改IPADDR，HWADDR即可）
$ ifconfig
$ vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="eth0"
BOOTPROTO="static"
BROADCAST=192.168.91.255
IPADDR=192.168.91.140
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
GATEWAY=192.168.91.2
HWADDR="00:0C:29:2B:0C:0B"
USERCTL="no"
IPV6INIT="no"
PEERDNS="yes"
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
$ vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
DEVICE="eth1"
BOOTPROTO="static"
BROADCAST=192.168.214.255
IPADDR=192.168.214.130
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
ONBOOT="yes"
TYPE="Ethernet"
HWADDR="00:0C:29:2B:0C:15"
USERCTL="no"
IPV6INIT="no"
PEERDNS="yes"
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
GATEWAY：参考 route -n
HWADDR：参考 cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
11.3 重启网络（每个节点执行）
$ service network restart
12、SSH设置互信关系，（oracle和grid)
12.1设置用户SSH（每个节点执行）
$ su - grid
$ mkdir -p ~/.ssh
$ cd ~/.ssh
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
以下操作在第一个节点上执行即可:
公钥存在authorized_keys文件中,写到本机
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
The authenticity of host 'rac2 (192.168.91.142)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is bb:41:f5:d0:5f:84:8a:0d:90:a5:29:cb:0c:b1:12:cf.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'rac2,192.168.91.142' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
$ ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
grid@rac2's password:
$ scp ~/.ssh/authorized_keys rac2:~/.ssh/authorized_keys
grid@rac2's password:
authorized_keys 100% 1980 1.9KB/s 00:00
12.2两个节点上分别验证
$ ssh rac1 date
$ ssh rac2 date
$ ssh rac1-priv date
$ ssh rac2-priv date
同样用oracle用户执行
su - oracle
.....
13、安装oracleasm（每个节点执行）
上传相应的rpm包并安装
关联问题：error: Failed dependencies:
oracleasm >= 1.0.4 is needed by oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64
$ yum install kmod-oracleasm* -y
$ yum install oracleasm* -y
$ yum localinstall -y kmod-oracleasm-2.0.6.rh1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
$ yum localinstall -y oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
$ yum localinstall -y oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
$ rpm -vih oracleasm*
查看安装情况
$ rpm -qa|grep oracleasm
kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-13.el6_8.x86_64
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64
14、实现共享硬盘
14.1 两个节点都执行(root用户执行)
最好重启下，不重启可能由于某些参数没生效导致ASM失败
oracleasm configure -i 或 /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
14.2启动（如Failed可以重启系统，再启动）
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm restart
查看日志
$ cat /var/log/oracleasm
14.3建立共享磁盘
rac1-> service oracleasm createdisk FRA /dev/sdb1
rac1-> service oracleasm createdisk DATA1 /dev/sdc1
rac1-> service oracleasm createdisk DATA2 /dev/sdd1
rac1-> service oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOTE1 /dev/sde1
rac1-> service oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOTE2 /dev/sdf1
rac1-> service oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOTE3 /dev/sdg1
rac1-> service oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOTE4 /dev/sdh1
另个节点执行
rac2-> oracleasm scandisks
Reloading disk partitions: done
Cleaning any stale ASM disks...
Scanning system for ASM disks...
Instantiating disk "FRA"
Instantiating disk "DATA1"
Instantiating disk "DATA2"
Instantiating disk "OCR_VOTE1"
Instantiating disk "OCR_VOTE2"
Instantiating disk "OCR_VOTE3"
Instantiating disk "OCR_VOTE4"
帮助命令
$ oracleasm -h
查看磁盘情况
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
DATA1
DATA2
FRA
OCR_VOTE1
OCR_VOTE2
OCR_VOTE3
OCR_VOTE4
15.禁用NTP server（每个节点执行）
关闭ntp 时间同步服务, 时间同步所需要的设置(11gR2 新增检查项)
$ /sbin/service ntpd stop
$ chkconfig ntpd off
$ mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak
$ rm /var/run/ntpd.pid
注：我们这里用oracle rac自带CTSS时钟同步模式，CTSS时钟同步转换为NTP同步模式的实施记录参考下面链接：
http://blog.itpub.net/25116248/viewspace-1152989/
先设置好两台服务器的时区和同步时间
16.shm 的修改 (根据实际情况，可以略过)
/dev/shm 共享内存不足的处理
解决方法：
例如：为了将/dev/shm 的大小增加到1GB，修改/etc/fstab 的这行：默认的：
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
改成：
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=2048m 0 0
size 参数也可以用G 作单位：size＝2G。
重新 mount /dev/shm 使之生效：
$ mount -o remount /dev/shm
或者：
$ umount /dev/shm
$ mount -a
马上可以用"df -h"命令检查变化
17、设置环境变量
17.1 oracle1环境变量配置
oracle用户(节点2 ORACLE_SID=burton2)
$ su - oracle
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=burton1
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8/ZHS16GBK
umask 022
$ source ~/.bash_profile
17.2 grid1环境变量配置
grid用户(节点2 ORACLE_SID=+ASM2)
$ su - grid
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
umask 022
$ source ~/.bash_profile
18、给oracle和grid用户授权（尽量让执行用户直接用户登入系统，避免用root用户切换过去）
root用户执行：
$ xhost +SI:localuser:grid
$ xhost +SI:localuser:oracle
三、安装GI软件和创建磁盘组（在主节点执行）
1、使用CVU工具执行以下的命令验证预安装环境：
rac1-> cd /home/grid/grid
rac1-> ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -r 11gR2 -verbose
Performing pre-checks for cluster services setup
Checking node reachability...
Check: Node reachability from node "rac1"
Destination Node Reachable?
rac2 yes
rac1 yes
Result: Node reachability check passed from node "rac1"
.............
Checking user equivalence...
Check: Time zone consistency
Result: Time zone consistency check passed
Pre-check for cluster services setup was successful.
注：可能遇到问题一：File "/etc/resolv.conf" is not consistent across nodes，详解见最后部分。
2、编辑响应文件。
2.1 切换到Grid Infrastructure安装介质目录，找到response目录，编辑grid_install.rsp文件根据提示修改grid_install.rsp文件的内容，
下面是对 grid_install.rsp 文件修改的内容（仅供修改参考，不可直接拷贝使用）：
rac1-> cd /home/grid/grid/response
rac1-> cp ./grid_install.rsp ./gi_install.rsp
具体配置(#标识的是默认项)
rac1-> vi ./gi_install.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
oracle.install.option=CRS_CONFIG
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid
oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba
oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper
oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanName=scan-ip.burton.com
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.scanPort=1521
oracle.install.crs.config.clusterName=rac-cluster
oracle.install.crs.config.gpnp.configureGNS=false
oracle.install.crs.config.clusterNodes=rac1:rac1-vip,rac2:rac2-vip
oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList=eth0:192.168.91.0:1,eth1:192.168.214.0:2
oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=ASM_STORAGE
oracle.install.crs.config.useIPMI=false
oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=oracle4U
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=OCRVOTE
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=NORMAL
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=1
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR_VOTE1,/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR_VOTE2,/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR_VOTE3
oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.diskDiscoveryString=/dev/oracleasm/disks/*
oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=oracle4U
oracle.install.asm.upgradeASM=false
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
注：
http://blog.chinaunix.net/xmlrpc.php?r=blog/article&id=4681351&uid=29655480 (图形化界面做对比会更深刻些)
http://blog.itpub.net/22128702/viewspace-730567/ （配置具体说明）
（1）例：oracle.install.crs.config.networkInterfaceList=bnxe2:192.168.129.192:1,bnxe3:10.31.130.200:2
1代表public，2代表private，3代表在群集中不使用该网卡;bnxe2和bnxe3是网卡的设备名，用ifconfig -a 可以看到
（2）例：如果两台机子公网私网设备名称不一样需要修改网络设备名(例如：eth0->eth2)
a.修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules文件(eth0->eth2)
$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# PCI device 0x15ad:0x07b0 (vmxnet3)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:2c:b4:4a", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth", NAME="eth2"
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:2c:b4:40", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth", NAME="eth1"
b.再文件重命名，并修改里面的DEVICE（eth0->eth2）
$ mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2
$ vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2
DEVICE=eth2
c.重启系统
$ reboot
2.2 查看配置详情
rac1-> cat /home/grid/grid/response/gi_install.rsp | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$
3、静默安装Grid Infrastructure软件。
以grid用户切换到Grid Infrastructure安装介质目录，执行以下的命令开始静默安装Grid Infrastructure软件：
rac1-> cd /home/grid/grid/
rac1-> /home/grid/grid/runInstaller -responseFile /home/grid/grid/response/gi_install.rsp -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress
.................................
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Execute /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh on the following nodes:
[rac1, rac2]
Execute /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh on the following nodes:
[rac1, rac2]
.................................................. 100% Done.
Execute Root Scripts successful.
As install user, execute the following script to complete the configuration.
1. /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=
Note:1. This script must be run on the same host from where installer was run.2. This script needs a small password properties file for configuration assistants that require passwords (refer to install guide documentation).
Successfully Setup Software.
注：执行./runInstaller -help可以看到详细的参数信息。
3.1 在每个节点按顺序分别执行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh脚本(execute all nodes order by node sequence)
$ /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
$ /u01/app/grid/11.2.0/root.sh
执行tail -f /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/install/root_rac1_2017-03-06_14-52-36.log 可以看到详细的输出。
3.2 最后在安装节点执行的命令完成配置工作：
rac1-> su - grid
rac1-> cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs
编辑一个响应文件保存ASM的密码，生成密码文件的过程需要使用
rac1-> vi cfgrsp.properties
oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMPASSWORD=oracle4U
oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMMONITORPASSWORD=oracle4U
rac1-> chmod 700 cfgrsp.properties
rac1-> ./configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=./cfgrsp.properties
Setting the invPtrLoc to /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc
perform - mode is starting for action: configure
perform - mode finished for action: configure
......
You can see the log file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/oui/configActions2017-03-06_03-47-00-PM.log
4、增加磁盘组（RAC1）在安装GRID的过程中，已经建立了OCR磁盘组，这里增加其他的两个磁盘组。为了演示不同的语法，
这里用了增加磁盘的做法。(grid用户执行)
rac1-> asmca -silent -createDiskGroup -sysAsmPassword oracle4U -diskString '/dev/oracleasm/disks/' -diskGroupName FRA -diskList '/dev/oracleasm/disks/FRA' -redundancy EXTERNAL -compatible.asm 11.2 -compatible.rdbms 11.2
Disk Group FRA created successfully.
rac1-> asmca -silent -createDiskGroup -sysAsmPassword oracle4U -diskString '/dev/oracleasm/disks/' -diskGroupName DATA -diskList '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DATA1' -redundancy EXTERNAL -compatible.asm 11.2 -compatible.rdbms 11.2
Disk Group DATA created successfully.
rac1-> asmca -silent -addDisk -sysAsmPassword oracle4U -diskGroupName DATA -diskList '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DATA2'
Disks added successfully to disk group DATA
或者以下方式创建磁盘组(grid用户执行)
rac1-> sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL> create diskgroup FRA external redundancy disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/FRA';
SQL> create diskgroup DATA external redundancy disk '/dev/oracleasm/disks/DATA1';
SQL> alter diskgroup DATA add disk 'ORCL:DATA2';
5、检查Clusterware环境：
rac1-> crsctl check cluster -all
rac1:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
rac2:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
四、数据库软件安装
1、安装前验证（RAC1）
在实际安装之前，通过cluvfy工具进行验证。这个时候因为仅安装了GI软件，所以暂时使用grid用户目录下的工具来运行。
把结果打印到一个文件，方便阅读。
rac1-> cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
rac1-> ./cluvfy stage -pre dbinst -n rac1,rac2 -verbose
可能会遇到ERROR:PRVF-4657，PRVF-4664问题，详情见最后部分。
2、配置响应文件(安装包在主目录下)
rac1-> su - oracle
rac1-> cd /home/oracle/database/response
rac1-> cp db_install.rsp db_in.rsp
rac1-> chmod 755 db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/oracle.install.option=/oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/ORACLE_HOSTNAME=/ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac1/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/UNIX_GROUP_NAME=/UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s|INVENTORY_LOCATION=|INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory|" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s|ORACLE_HOME=|ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1|" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s|ORACLE_BASE=|ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle|" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=/oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=/oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=/oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=/oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=rac1,rac2/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=/oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=/SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=/DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true/" ./db_in.rsp
rac1-> sed -i "s/oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=/oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES/" ./db_in.rsp
3、查看配置情况
rac1-> cat /home/oracle/database/response/db_in.rsp | sed -n '/^[^#]/p'
4、安装数据库软件
注意：-responseFile参数必须使用绝对路径
rac1-> cd /home/oracle/database/
rac1-> ./runInstaller -silent -force -showProgress -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/db_in.rsp
5、最后步骤是用root身份执行下面文件。(execute all nodes order by node sequence)
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
五、安装数据库
1、本节的操作如无特殊说明，都是使用oracle用户执行。
安装前验证（RAC1）
rac1-> cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin
rac1-> ./cluvfy stage -pre dbcfg -n rac1,rac2 -d $ORACLE_HOME
Performing pre-checks for database configuration
Checking node reachability...
Node reachability check passed from node "rac1"
Checking user equivalence...
User equivalence check passed for user "oracle"
Checking node connectivity...
Checking hosts config file...
Verification of the hosts config file successful
Check: Node connectivity for interface "eth1"
Node connectivity passed for interface "eth1"
TCP connectivity check passed for subnet "192.168.10.0"
Check: Node connectivity for interface "eth2"
Node connectivity passed for interface "eth2"
TCP connectivity check passed for subnet "10.0.0.0"
Checking subnet mask consistency...
Subnet mask consistency check passed for subnet "10.0.0.0".
Subnet mask consistency check passed for subnet "192.168.10.0".
Subnet mask consistency check passed.
Node connectivity check passed
Checking multicast communication...
Checking subnet "10.0.0.0" for multicast communication with multicast group "230.0.1.0"...
Check of subnet "10.0.0.0" for multicast communication with multicast group "230.0.1.0" passed.
Checking subnet "192.168.10.0" for multicast communication with multicast group "230.0.1.0"...
Check of subnet "192.168.10.0" for multicast communication with multicast group "230.0.1.0" passed.
Check of multicast communication passed.
Total memory check passed
Available memory check passed
Swap space check passed
Free disk space check passed for "rac2:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1"
Free disk space check passed for "rac1:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1"
Free disk space check passed for "rac2:/tmp"
Free disk space check passed for "rac1:/tmp"
Check for multiple users with UID value 501 passed
User existence check passed for "oracle"
Group existence check passed for "oinstall"
Group existence check passed for "dba"
Membership check for user "oracle" in group "oinstall" [as Primary] passed
Membership check for user "oracle" in group "dba" passed
Run level check passed
Hard limits check passed for "maximum open file descriptors"
Soft limits check passed for "maximum open file descriptors"
Hard limits check passed for "maximum user processes"
Soft limits check passed for "maximum user processes"
System architecture check passed
Kernel version check passed
Kernel parameter check passed for "semmsl"
Kernel parameter check passed for "semmns"
Kernel parameter check passed for "semopm"
Kernel parameter check passed for "semmni"
Kernel parameter check passed for "shmmax"
Kernel parameter check passed for "shmmni"
Kernel parameter check passed for "shmall"
Kernel parameter check passed for "file-max"
Kernel parameter check passed for "ip_local_port_range"
Kernel parameter check passed for "rmem_default"
Kernel parameter check passed for "rmem_max"
Kernel parameter check passed for "wmem_default"
Kernel parameter check passed for "wmem_max"
Kernel parameter check passed for "aio-max-nr"
Package existence check passed for "make"
Package existence check passed for "binutils"
Package existence check passed for "gcc(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "libaio(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "libaio-devel(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "glibc(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "compat-libstdc++-33(x86_64)"
WARNING:
PRVF-7584 : Multiple versions of package "elfutils-libelf" found on node rac2: elfutils-libelf(x86_64)-0.152-1.el6,elfutils-libelf(x86_64)-0.164-2.el6
WARNING:
PRVF-7584 : Multiple versions of package "elfutils-libelf" found on node rac1: elfutils-libelf(x86_64)-0.152-1.el6,elfutils-libelf(x86_64)-0.164-2.el6
Package existence check passed for "elfutils-libelf(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "elfutils-libelf-devel"
Package existence check passed for "glibc-common"
Package existence check passed for "glibc-devel(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "glibc-headers"
Package existence check passed for "gcc-c++(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "libgcc(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "libstdc++(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "libstdc++-devel(x86_64)"
Package existence check passed for "sysstat"
Package existence check passed for "pdksh"
Package existence check passed for "expat(x86_64)"
Check for multiple users with UID value 0 passed
Current group ID check passed
Starting check for consistency of primary group of root user
Check for consistency of root user's primary group passed
Checking CRS integrity...
Clusterware version consistency passed
CRS integrity check passed
Checking node application existence...
Checking existence of VIP node application (required)
VIP node application check passed
Checking existence of NETWORK node application (required)
NETWORK node application check passed
Checking existence of GSD node application (optional)
GSD node application is offline on nodes "rac2,rac1"
Checking existence of ONS node application (optional)
ONS node application check passed
Time zone consistency check passed
Pre-check for database configuration was successful.
检验成功，但有两个告警，主要我装了两个elfutils-libelf的包
2、静默安装配置（RAC1）确认并修改或另外创建静默安装配置文件 dbca.rsp
2.1 查看下dbca.rsp里面的参数
rac1-> cat /home/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp | grep -v ^# | grep -v ^$
2.2 复制编辑响应文件，仅保留部分参数，和单机安装最大的一个区别就是NODELIST参数
rac1-> cd /home/oracle/database/response
rac1-> vi racdbca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE="createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME="burton"
SID="burton"
TEMPLATENAME="General_Purpose.dbc"
NODELIST=rac1,rac2
SYSPASSWORD="oracle4U"
SYSTEMPASSWORD="oracle4U"
STORAGETYPE=ASM
DISKGROUPNAME=DATA
RECOVERYGROUPNAME=FRA
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8"
rac1-> chmod 750 racdbca.rsp
3、静默安装数据库（RAC1）
注意：-responseFile 参数必须使用绝对路径
rac1-> cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
rac1-> $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/racdbca.rsp
六、创建监听
rac1-> $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Profile configuration complete.
Default listener "LISTENER" is already configured in Grid Infrastructure home: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
注：装完netca后发现没有listener.ora文件，原来在grid用户下/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
采用的动态监听。
SQL> show parameter listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
listener_networks string
local_listener string (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST= 192.168.91.152)(PORT=1521))
remote_listener string scan-ip.burton.com:1521
七、开启归档日志：
1、创建归档目录
rac1-> su - grid
rac1-> asmcmd
ASMCMD> lsdg
State Type Rebal Sector Block AU Total_MB Free_MB Req_mir_free_MB Usable_file_MB Offline_disks Voting_files Name
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 9992 8250 0 8250 0 N DATA/
MOUNTED EXTERN N 512 4096 1048576 4996 4666 0 4666 0 N FRA/
MOUNTED NORMAL N 512 4096 1048576 2997 2071 999 536 0 Y OCRVOTE/
ASMCMD> cd data/burton
ASMCMD> mkdir arch
ASMCMD> cd arch
ASMCMD> pwd
+data/burton/arc
2、修改归档路径参数
rac1-> su - oracle
rac1-> sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+data/burton/archivelog' scope=spfile sid='';
SQL> alter system set log_archive_format='arch_%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile sid='';
3、开归档模式
3.1 关闭数据库，全部节点都要关闭(在任意节点完成)
rac1-> srvctl stop database -d burton -o immediate
将一个节点数据库启动到mount状态
3.2 检查数据库关闭后状态
rac1-> srvctl status database -d burton
Instance burton1 is not running on node rac1
Instance burton2 is not running on node rac2
3.3 启动第一个实例到mount状态
rac1-> srvctl start instance -d burton -i burton1 -o mount
修改数据库的归档模式并启动数据库
rac1-> sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;
检查状态
SQL> archive log list;
开启另个节点，由于控制文件在ASM共享文件中，其他的节点会读取修改后的控制文件
rac1-> srvctl start instance -d burton -i burton2
检查集群状态(root用户执行)
rac1-> crsctl stat res -t
八、配置数据库具体参数：（待完善）
1、修改参数
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
alter system set audit_sys_operations=TRUE scope=spfile;
alter system set audit_trail=DB_EXTENDED scope=spfile;
alter system set deferred_segment_creation=false;
alter system set processes=1500 scope=spfile;
alter system set disk_asynch_io=true scope=spfile;
alter system set filesystemio_options=setall scope=spfile;
alter system set db_files=2000 scope=spfile;
alter system set control_file_record_keep_time=60;
alter system set resource_limit=true;
alter system set log_checkpoints_to_alert=true;
alter tablespace undotbs1 retention guarantee;
alter system set db_flashback_retention_target = 1440;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest = '+FRA';
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size = 4440M;
alter database flashback on;
2、重启数据库
srvctl stop database -d burton -o immediate
srvctl start database -d burton -o open
[oracle@rac1 admin]$ srvctl start database -d burton -o open
问题一：
PRCR-1079 : Failed to start resource ora.burton.db
CRS-5017: The resource action "ora.burton.db start" encountered the following error:
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-00838: Specified value of MEMORY_TARGET is too small, needs to be at least 1468M
. For details refer to "(:CLSN00107:)" in "/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/rac1/agent/crsd/oraagent_oracle/oraagent_oracle.log".
CRS-5017: The resource action "ora.burton.db start" encountered the following error:
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-00838: Specified value of MEMORY_TARGET is too small, needs to be at least 1468M
. For details refer to "(:CLSN00107:)" in "/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/rac2/agent/crsd/oraagent_oracle/oraagent_oracle.log".
CRS-2674: Start of 'ora.burton.db' on 'rac1' failed
CRS-2674: Start of 'ora.burton.db' on 'rac2' failed
CRS-2632: There are no more servers to try to place resource 'ora.burton.db' on that would satisfy its placement policy
解决方法：减少SGA值,或增大MEMORY_TARGET值
create pfile='/tmp/pfile.ora' from SPFILE='+DATA/burton/spfileburton.ora';
startup pfile='/tmp/pfile.ora';
修改/tmp/pfile.ora 中MEMORY_TARGET如果没达到要求报错：
SQL> startup pfile='/tmp/pfile.ora';
ORA-00838: Specified value of MEMORY_TARGET is too small, needs to be at least 1468M
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
问题二：
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/tmp/pfile.ora';
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
解决方案
1.初始化参数MEMORY_TARGET或MEMORY_MAX_TARGET不能大于共享内存(/dev/shm),为了解决这个问题，可以增大/dev/shm
mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=3g /dev/shm
检查集群状态
su - root
$ crsctl stat res -t 或 crs_stat -t -v
$ srvctl status listener
$ ps -ef | grep lsnr |grep -v grep
$ ps -ef | grep crs |grep -v grep
$ ps -ef | grep smon |grep -v grep
个节点查看参数是否修改：
show parameter control_file_record_keep_time
show parameter log_archive_format
select flashback_on from gv$database;
可选设置参数：
alter system set db_block_checking=true; # implying FULL
主要用于防止在内存中损坏或数据损坏。由于是逻辑检查，因此引起的额外负荷比较高，甚至可以达到10%，
alter system set db_block_checksum=true; #oracle 公司建议开启
主要是防止IO硬件和IO子系统的错误。根据块的字节值计算一个效验和，因此算法比较简单，引起的系统额外负荷通常在1%-2%
alter system set resource_limit=true ;
create profile profile_name limit idle_time 10 ;
create profile profile_res_lmt limit connect_time 180 idle_time 10 CPU_PER_SESSION 10 ;
--alter user scott profile profile_name; --指定受限制的用户
--alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts 100;
--drop profile profile_name [CASCADE] ;
创建触发器，设置可恢复时间（logon trigger）可以优化抛出异常
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trg_work_log
AFTER LOGON ON DATABASE
declare
v_program_name varchar2(200);
v_username varchar2(100);
v_ip_address varchar2(18);
begin
---获取当前的连接用户信息
select username,program,SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IP_ADDRESS')
into v_username,v_program_name,v_ip_address
from v$session where AUDSID = SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV', 'SESSIONID');
if upper(v_username)='TEST' then
execute immediate 'alter session enable resumable timeout 3600';
end if;
END;
九、集群基本操作
1、oracle 11g RAC关闭顺序
1.1 停止em服务
su - oracle
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=rac1db
emctl status dbconsole
emctl stop dbconsole
emctl status dbconsole
1.2 停数据库
srvctl stop database -d burton -o immediate
停某个实例
srvctl stop instance -d burton -i burton2 -o immediate
srvctl stop asm -n rac2 -i +ASM2
1.3 停监听
srvctl status listener
srvctl stop listener
srvctl status listener
停某个监听
srvctl stop listener -n rac2
1.4 停crs(每个节点执行)
su - root
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crsctl stop crs
1.5 查看进程
ps -ef | grep lsnr |grep -v grep
ps -ef | grep crs |grep -v grep
ps -ef | grep smon |grep -v grep
2、启动顺序
2.1 启crs(两个节点都执行，如果要重启操作系统，那么这一步可以省略)
su - root
cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
./crsctl start crs
./crs_stat -t -v
2.2 启动数据库
su - oracle
srvctl start database -d burton -o open
启动某个实例
srvctl start instance -d burton -i burton1
2.3 查看数据库和监听状态
srvctl status database -d burton
srvctl status listener
srvctl start listener -n rac2
2.4 查看crs
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/crs_stat -t -v
2.5 查看进程
ps -ef | grep lsnr |grep -v grep
ps -ef | grep crs |grep -v grep
ps -ef | grep smon |grep -v grep
运行过程中，遇到如下问题
ERROR1:crfclust.bdb文件过大，Bug 20186278
== check
cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
./crsctl stat res ora.crf -init -t
== stop
./crsctl stop res ora.crf -init
== delete
cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crf/db/rac1
rm -rf *.bdb
== start
cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
./crsctl start res ora.crf -init
问题一：
1.1 遇到错误,可以把日志重定向到文件，便于查找问题。
问题：
Checking if search entry in file "/etc/resolv.conf" is consistent across the nodes...
search entry in file "/etc/resolv.conf" is consistent across nodes
Checking DNS response time for an unreachable node
Node Name Status
rac2 failed
rac1 passed
PRVF-5636 : The DNS response time for an unreachable node exceeded "15000" ms on following nodes: rac2
File "/etc/resolv.conf" is not consistent across nodes
1.2 解决方案：
(1)修改DNS服务器的/etc/named.conf文件，添加fil "/dev/null";信息即可。
zone "." IN {
type hint;
// file "named.ca";
file "/dev/null";
(2)分别在各个RAC节点添加如下参数：
vi /etc/resolv.conf
search prudentwoo.com
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
options rotate
options timeout:2
options attempts:5
问题二：
可以把输出重定向到文件，发现以下错误
ERROR:
PRVG-1101 : SCAN name "scan-ip.burton.com" failed to resolve
SCAN Name IP Address Status Comment
scan-ip.burton.com 192.168.91.154 failed NIS Entry
ERROR:
PRVF-4657 : Name resolution setup check for "scan-ip.burton.com" (IP address: 192.168.91.154) failed
ERROR:
PRVF-4664 : Found inconsistent name resolution entries for SCAN name "scan-ip.burton.com"
Verification of SCAN VIP and Listener setup failed
Checking VIP configuration.
可能没配置DNS或GSD服务器，就可能报这错（原因待查
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