Nginx反向代理支持长连接

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Nginx upstream与后端的连接默认为短连接,通过HTTP/1.0向后端发起连接,并把请求的"Connection" header设为"close"。Nginx与前端的连接默认为长连接,一个用户跟Nginx建立连接之后,通过这个长连接发送多个请求。如果Nginx只是作为reverse proxy的话,可能一个用户连接就需要多个向后端的短连接。如果后端的服务器(源站或是缓存服务器)处理并发连接能力不强的话,就可能导致瓶颈的出现。

 

Nginx目前的upstream连接建立和获取的机制如下图。Nginx会在一开始创建connection pool(进程间不共享,可以避免锁),提供给所有向前/后的连接。


 

如果要实现upstream长连接,则每个进程需要另外一个connection pool,里面都是长连接。一旦与后端服务器建立连接,则在当前请求连接结束之后不会立即关闭连接,而是把用完的连接保存在一个keepalive connection pool里面,以后每次需要建立向后连接的时候,只需要从这个连接池里面找,如果找到合适的连接的话,就可以直接来用这个连接,不需要重新创建socket或者发起connect()。这样既省下建立连接时三次握手的时间消耗,又可以避免TCP连接的slow start。如果在keepalive连接池找不到合适的连接,那就按照原来的步骤重新建立连接。假设连接查找时间可以忽略不计,那么这种方法肯定是有益而无害的(当然,需要少量额外的内存)。


 

具体如何来设计这个keepalive connection pool,不同人有不同的选择。比如Nginx目前的第三方模块upstream keepalive(作者Maxim Dounin)使用了一个queue来做。因为upstream的服务器很可能是多个,所以可能当保持的连接数多的时候,查找的时间可能会较长。可以给每个upstream服务器都分配一个pool(queue),缩短查找时间。但是总体来说内存操作很快,影响不会很大。upstream keepalive模块目前只支持memcached,但是可以重用其代码来达到对http upstream的长连接。由于Nginx作者之前没有考虑upstream的长连接,所以在设计上要把http upstream keepalive模块化可能比较难,只能通过手动修改代码来做到。

一个完整的让upstream支持长连接的配置示例如下:

#user  nobody;worker_processes  1;#error_log  logs/error.log;#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;#error_log  logs/error.log  info;#pid        logs/nginx.pid;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;client_max_body_size 20M;    client_header_buffer_size  32k;    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;    sendfile        on;    #tcp_nopush     on;    #keepalive_timeout  0;    keepalive_timeout  65;    #gzip  on;proxy_buffer_size 64k;    proxy_buffers   32 32k;    proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;upstream aauCfg_backend {server  127.0.0.1:97;keepalive 16;}upstream HFC_backend {server  127.0.0.1:8090;keepalive 16;}upstream manager_backend {server  127.0.0.1:8095;keepalive 16;}    server {        listen       80;        server_name  localhost;        #charset koi8-r;        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;root   html/tools;        index  index.html index.htm index.php;proxy_http_version 1.1;proxy_set_header  Connection  "";proxy_set_header  Host  $host;        proxy_set_header  X-Real_IP  $remote_addr;        proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;        location / {if (!-e $request_filename) {                #rewrite  ^/(.*)$  /index.php/$1  last;                #break;                rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php/$1;            }        }location ~* \.(ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)(\?[0-9]+)?$ {                expires max;                log_not_found off;        }        location ^~ /aauCfg/ {            #proxy_pass   http://$remote_addr:97$request_uri;proxy_pass   http://aauCfg_backend;        }        location ^~ /HFC/ {            #proxy_pass   http://$remote_addr:8090$request_uri;proxy_pass   http://HFC_backend;        }        location ^~ /manager/ {            #proxy_pass   http://$remote_addr:8095$request_uri;proxy_pass   http://manager_backend;        }        #error_page  404              /404.html;        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html        #        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;        location = /50x.html {            root   html;        }        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80        #        #location ~ \.php$ {        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;        #}        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000        #        #location ~ \.php$ {        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;        #    include        fastcgi_params;        #}location ~ .php        {            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;            fastcgi_index  index.php;            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;            include        fastcgi.conf;            include        fastcgi_params;            #定义变量 $path_info ,用于存放pathinfo信息            set $path_info "";            #定义变量 $real_script_name,用于存放真实地址            set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;            #如果地址与引号内的正则表达式匹配            if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {                    #将文件地址赋值给变量 $real_script_name                    set $real_script_name $1;                    #将文件地址后的参数赋值给变量 $path_info                    set $path_info $2;            }            #配置fastcgi的一些参数            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;        }        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root        # concurs with nginx's one        #        #location ~ /\.ht {        #    deny  all;        #}    }    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration    #    #server {    #    listen       8000;    #    listen       somename:8080;    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;    #    location / {    #        root   html;    #        index  index.html index.htm;    #    }    #}    # HTTPS server    #    #server {    #    listen       443 ssl;    #    server_name  localhost;    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;    #    location / {    #        root   html;    #        index  index.html index.htm;    #    }    #}}


参考:

http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_proxy_module.html#proxy_http_version

http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html#keepalive

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