多种单链表反转面试题总结

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总结下面试题中常见的单链表反转:

  • 常规的反转单链表
  • 以K个为一组反转单链表,最后不足K个节点的部分也反转
  • 以K个为一组反转单链表,最后不足K个节点的部分不反转

1、反转单链表:


代码如下:
/*     *  翻转链表(遍历)      *  从头到尾遍历原链表,每遍历一个结点,     *  将其摘下放在新链表的最前端。     *  注意链表为空和只有一个结点的情况。时间复杂度为O(n)     */    public static ListNode reverseNode(ListNode head){         // 如果链表为空或只有一个节点,无需反转,直接返回原链表表头         if(head == null || head.next == null)             return head;                  ListNode reHead = null;         ListNode cur = head;         while(cur!=null){             ListNode reCur = cur;      // 用reCur保存住对要处理节点的引用             cur = cur.next;        // cur更新到下一个节点             reCur.next = reHead;   // 更新要处理节点的next引用             reHead = reCur;        // reHead指向要处理节点的前一个节点         }         return reHead;    }


2、以K个为一组反转单链表,最后不足K个节点的部分反转


/** * 分组反转单链表,最后不足K个节点的部分也反转 * @param head * @param k * @return */public static ListNode reverseKgroup(ListNode head, int k) {if (head == null)return head;ListNode cur = head;ListNode reHead = null;int count = 0;/* Reverse first k nodes of linked list */while (count < k && cur != null) {ListNode reCur = cur;cur = cur.next;reCur.next = reHead;reHead = reCur;count++;}/* * cur is now a pointer to (k+1)th node Recursively call for the * list starting from current. And make rest of the list as next of * first node */if (cur != null)head.next = reverseKgroup(cur, k);return reHead;}

举例解释:

输入的原始单链表为3-5-6-9-7-2-1-12,其中K为3;
经过第一次while循环,单链表变为6-5-3-9-7-2-1-12。此时跳出while循环是因为count<k不成立了,cur节点指向了9,head节点指向了3。所以接着判断cur是否为null,若不是,则刚好递归求出head.next。
经过第二次while循环,单链表为6-5-3-2-7-9-1-12。此时跳出while循环是因为count<k不成立了,cur节点指向了1,head节点指向了9。接着判断cur,并且递归求head.next节点。
第三次循环,跳出while是因为cur==null了,直接返回reHead,此时reHead指向了12。

可以看出,K个为一组反转单链表,核心代码还是常规的如何反转单链表。



3、以K个为一组反转单链表,最后不足K个节点的部分不反转


这是一道LeetCode原题:https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/#/description




思路:核心代码还是反转常规的单链表,不过此题需要加上节点数量的判断,当节点数目不足K个时,不进行反转操作,直接返回。

/** * 分组反转单链表,最后不足K个节点的部分不反转 * @param head * @param k * @return */public static ListNode reverseKgroups(ListNode head, int k) {if (head == null)return head;ListNode cur = head;ListNode reHead = null;int count = 0;if (getSize(cur) >= k) {/* Reverse first k nodes of linked list */while (count < k && cur != null) {ListNode reCur = cur;cur = cur.next;reCur.next = reHead;reHead = reCur;count++;}/* * cur is now a pointer to (k+1)th node Recursively call for the * list starting from current. And make rest of the list as next of * first node */if (cur != null)head.next = reverseKgroups(cur, k);return reHead;}return cur;}

统计节点数目函数如下:

/** * 统计该节点之后的节点数量 * @param head * @return */public static int getSize(ListNode head) {int count = 0;ListNode curNode = head;while (curNode != null) {count++;curNode = curNode.next;}return count;}
AC结果如下:




总结:
       各个形式的反转单链表,最重要的理清楚head、reHead和cur三个节点的关系,通过核心代码和方法的递归来实现分组反转。



附上完整代码:
public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {ListNode head = new ListNode(3);ListNode node1 = new ListNode(5);ListNode node2 = new ListNode(6);ListNode node3 = new ListNode(9);ListNode node4 = new ListNode(7);ListNode node5 = new ListNode(2);ListNode node6 = new ListNode(1);ListNode node7 = new ListNode(12);head.next = node1;node1.next = node2;node2.next = node3;node3.next = node4;node4.next = node5;node5.next = node6;node6.next = node7;printList(head);//printList(reverseNode(head));//printList(reverseKgroups(head, 3));printList(reverseKgroup(head, 3));}// 打印链表的方法,方便test函数public static void printList(ListNode head) {while (head != null) {System.out.print(head.val + " ");head = head.next;}System.out.println();}/** * 分组反转单链表,最后不足K个节点的部分不反转 * @param head * @param k * @return */public static ListNode reverseKgroups(ListNode head, int k) {if (head == null)return head;ListNode cur = head;ListNode reHead = null;int count = 0;if (getSize(cur) >= k) {/* Reverse first k nodes of linked list */while (count < k && cur != null) {ListNode reCur = cur;cur = cur.next;reCur.next = reHead;reHead = reCur;count++;}/* * cur is now a pointer to (k+1)th node Recursively call for the * list starting from current. And make rest of the list as next of * first node */if (cur != null)head.next = reverseKgroups(cur, k);return reHead;}return cur;}/** * 分组反转单链表,最后不足K个节点的部分也反转 * @param head * @param k * @return */public static ListNode reverseKgroup(ListNode head, int k) {if (head == null)return head;ListNode cur = head;ListNode reHead = null;int count = 0;/* Reverse first k nodes of linked list */while (count < k && cur != null) {ListNode reCur = cur;cur = cur.next;reCur.next = reHead;reHead = reCur;count++;}/* * cur is now a pointer to (k+1)th node Recursively call for the * list starting from current. And make rest of the list as next of * first node */if (cur != null)head.next = reverseKgroup(cur, k);return reHead;}/** * 统计该节点之后的节点数量 * @param head * @return */public static int getSize(ListNode head) {int count = 0;ListNode curNode = head;while (curNode != null) {count++;curNode = curNode.next;}return count;}/* * 翻转链表(遍历) 从头到尾遍历原链表,每遍历一个结点, 将其摘下放在新链表的最前端。 注意链表为空和只有一个结点的情况。时间复杂度为O(n) */public static ListNode reverseNode(ListNode head) {// 如果链表为空或只有一个节点,无需反转,直接返回原链表表头if (head == null || head.next == null)return head;ListNode reHead = null;ListNode cur = head;while (cur != null) {ListNode reCur = cur; // 用reCur保存住对要处理节点的引用cur = cur.next; // cur更新到下一个节点reCur.next = reHead; // 更新要处理节点的next引用reHead = reCur; // reHead指向要处理节点的前一个节点}return reHead;}}class ListNode {      int val;      ListNode next;      ListNode(int x) { val = x; }}




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