Flutter进阶—实现动画效果(二)

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在上一篇文章:Flutter进阶—实现动画效果(一)的最后,我们说到需要一个处理程序混乱的概念。在这一篇文章中,我们会引入补间,它是构建动画代码的一个非常简单的概念,主要作用是用面向对象的方法替代之前面向过程的方法。tween是一个值,它描述了其他值的空间中的两个点之间的路径,比如条形图的动画值从0运行到1。

补间在Dart中表示类型为Tween的对象

abstract class Tween<T> {  final T begin;  final T end;  Tween(this.begin, this.end);  T lerp(double t);}

术语lerp来自计算机图形学领域,是线性插值(作为名词)和线性内插(作为动词)的缩写。参数t是动画值,补间应该从begin(当t为0时)到end(当t为1时)。

FlutterSDK的Tween类与Dart非常相似,但是一个支持变化begin和end的具体类。我们可以使用单个Tween来整理代码,用于处理条形图高度。

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';import 'package:flutter/animation.dart';import 'dart:math';void main() {  runApp(new MyApp());}class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    return new MaterialApp(        title: 'Flutter Demo',        home: new MyHomePage(),    );  }}class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {  @override  _MyHomePageState createState() => new _MyHomePageState();}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> with TickerProviderStateMixin {  final random = new Random();  int dataSet = 50;  AnimationController animation;  Tween<double> tween;  @override  void initState() {    super.initState();    animation = new AnimationController(        duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),        vsync: this    );    // Tween({T begin, T end }):创建tween(补间)    tween = new Tween<double>(begin: 0.0, end: dataSet.toDouble());    animation.forward();  }  @override  void dispose() {    animation.dispose();    super.dispose();  }  void changeData() {    setState(() {      dataSet = random.nextInt(100);      tween = new Tween<double>(        /*        @override        T evaluate(          Animation<double> animation        )        返回给定动画的当前值的内插值        当动画值分别为0.0或1.0时,此方法返回begin和end         */        begin: tween.evaluate(animation),        end: dataSet.toDouble()      );      animation.forward(from: 0.0);    });  }  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    return new Scaffold(        body: new Center(          child: new CustomPaint(            size: new Size(200.0, 100.0),            /*            Animation<T> animate(              Animation<double> parent            )            返回一个由给定动画驱动的新动画,但它承担由该对象确定的值             */            painter: new BarChartPainter(tween.animate(animation))          )        ),        floatingActionButton: new FloatingActionButton(            onPressed: changeData,            child: new Icon(Icons.refresh),        ),    );  }}class BarChartPainter extends CustomPainter {  static const barWidth = 10.0;  BarChartPainter(Animation<double> animation)      : animation = animation,        super(repaint: animation);  final Animation<double> animation;  @override  void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {    final barHeight = animation.value;    final paint = new Paint()      ..color = Colors.blue[400]      ..style = PaintingStyle.fill;    canvas.drawRect(        new Rect.fromLTWH(            size.width-barWidth/2.0,            size.height-barHeight,            barWidth,            barHeight        ),        paint    );  }  @override  bool shouldRepaint(BarChartPainter old) => false;}

我们使用Tween将条形高度动画终点包装在一个值中,它完全与AnimationController和CustomPainter进行接口,因为Flutter框架现在会在每个动画时间点上标记CustomPaint进行重绘,而不是将整个MyHomePage子树标记为重构、重新布局和重绘。这些都是显示的改进,但是,补间的概念不止如此,它提供了组织我们的想法和代码的结构。

回到我们的代码,我们需要一个Bar类型和一个BarTween来动画化它。我们将与bar相关的类提取到bar.dart文件中,放到main.dart同级目录下。

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';import 'package:flutter/animation.dart';import 'dart:ui' show lerpDouble;class Bar {  Bar(this.height);  final double height;  static Bar lerp(Bar begin, Bar end, double t) {    return new Bar(lerpDouble(begin.height, end.height, t));  }}class BarTween extends Tween<Bar> {  BarTween(Bar begin, Bar end) : super(begin: begin, end: end);  @override  Bar lerp(double t) => Bar.lerp(begin, end, t);}class BarChartPainter extends CustomPainter {  static const barWidth = 10.0;  BarChartPainter(Animation<Bar> animation)      : animation = animation,        super(repaint: animation);  final Animation<Bar> animation;  @override  void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {    final bar = animation.value;    final paint = new Paint()      ..color = Colors.blue[400]      ..style = PaintingStyle.fill;    canvas.drawRect(        new Rect.fromLTWH(            size.width-barWidth/2.0,            size.height-bar.height,            barWidth,            bar.height        ),        paint    );  }  @override  bool shouldRepaint(BarChartPainter old) => false;}

我们遵循FlutterSDK的惯例来定义Bar类的静态方法BarTween.lerp。DartSDK中没有double.lerp,所以我们使用dart:ui包中的lerpDouble函数来达到同样的效果。

现在我们的应用程序可以用条形图重新显示。

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';import 'package:flutter/animation.dart';import 'dart:math';import 'bar.dart';void main() {  runApp(new MyApp());}class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    return new MaterialApp(        title: 'Flutter Demo',        home: new MyHomePage(),    );  }}class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {  @override  _MyHomePageState createState() => new _MyHomePageState();}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> with TickerProviderStateMixin {  final random = new Random();  AnimationController animation;  BarTween tween;  @override  void initState() {    super.initState();    animation = new AnimationController(        duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 300),        vsync: this    );    tween = new BarTween(new Bar(0.0), new Bar(50.0));    animation.forward();  }  @override  void dispose() {    animation.dispose();    super.dispose();  }  void changeData() {    setState(() {      tween = new BarTween(        tween.evaluate(animation),        new  Bar(100.0 * random.nextDouble()),      );      animation.forward(from: 0.0);    });  }  @override  Widget build(BuildContext context) {    return new Scaffold(        body: new Center(          child: new CustomPaint(            size: new Size(200.0, 100.0),            painter: new BarChartPainter(tween.animate(animation))          )        ),        floatingActionButton: new FloatingActionButton(            onPressed: changeData,            child: new Icon(Icons.refresh),        ),    );  }}

未完待续~~~

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