mjpg_streamer源码对针对图像处理算法的修改[转载]

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  最近在研究mjpg_streamer,发现这是个好东西!关于mjpg_streamer就不做具体介绍了,总之它是在Linux上运行的视频服务器,可以将摄像头采集到的视频数据通过网络传输到客户端,实现视频监控,mjpg_streamer是开源项目。

  首先简要的分析一下mjpg_streamer的源码及其工作过程。可以参考这里:http://blog.csdn.net/zhengqijun_/article/details/72473177。mjpg_streamer主要由三部分构成,主函数mjpg_streamer.c 和输入、输出组件,其中输入、输出组件通常是input_uvc.so和output_http.so,它们是以动态链接库的形式在主函数中调用的。

  主函数的主要功能有:1. 解析命令行的各个输入参数。2. 判断程序是否需要成为守护进程,如果需要,则执行相应的操作。3. 初始化global全局变量。4. 打开并配置输入、输出插件。5. 运行输入、输出插件。

  输入插件将采集到的视频送到全局缓存中,输出插件则从全局缓存中读取数据并发送。输出插件的实现是一个http服务器,这里就不介绍了。输入插件的视频采集功能主要是通过Linux的V4L2接口实现的,主要是4个函数input_init()、 input_stop()、 input_run()和 input_cmd()。其中iniput_run()函数创建了线程cma_thread(),这个线程很重要,该函数的作用是抓取一帧的图像,并复制到全局缓冲区。具体的代码说明请参考链接中的分析。

  mjpg_streamer的功能的确强大,但是由于我的主要研究方向是图像处理,因此也想到了一些问题。现在的网络视频监控系统除了传统的视频传输功能外,大多还有视频分析的能力,即在图像捕获和图像传输之间加上了图像处理的能力,例如能够检测移动目标,这样视频监控服务器的功能就大大增强了。mjpg_streamer是一个很好的视频服务器框架,那么它否能够通过修改而拥有视频图像处理能力呢?为此我也查阅了很多资料,同时发现了另一个开源项目motion。关于motion的详细信息可以参考这里:http://www.lavrsen.dk/foswiki/bin/view/Motion。motion的移植可以参考这里:http://blog.csdn.net/kangear/article/details/8763790。

  motion实际上功能类似于mjpg_streamer,但是正如它的名字,除了能够捕获和传输视频外,它还拥有运动检测的功能,能够将检测到的运动物体标识出来,并且检测到移动物体后可以执行用户脚本,实现报警等功能,非常强大。但是motion也有他的局限性,它只能单纯的检测移动物体,如果想要做更复杂的或者有针对性的算法就没有办法了,比如车辆检测、火灾监测、人脸识别等等。鉴于mjpg_streamer的源代码比较易读,思路清晰,我准备修改它的源码来支持图像处理功能。通过前面mjpg_streamer的源码分析可知要实现图像处理功能,应该从输入组件input_uvc.so下手。

  在input_uvc.c文件中有一个线程是cam_thread()前面已经提到过了,其作用是抓取一帧的图像,并复制到全局缓冲区。如果在抓取一帧图像后先进行处理,在复制到全局缓冲区就能实现目标。下面是cam_thread()的代码:

void *cam_thread( void *arg ) {    /* set cleanup handler to cleanup allocated ressources */    pthread_cleanup_push(cam_cleanup, NULL);    while( !pglobal->stop ) {        /* grab a frame */        if( uvcGrab(videoIn) < 0 ) {            IPRINT("Error grabbing frames\n");            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }        DBG("received frame of size: %d\n", videoIn->buf.bytesused);        /*         * Workaround for broken, corrupted frames:         * Under low light conditions corrupted frames may get captured.         * The good thing is such frames are quite small compared to the regular pictures.         * For example a VGA (640x480) webcam picture is normally >= 8kByte large,         * corrupted frames are smaller.         */        if ( videoIn->buf.bytesused < minimum_size ) {            DBG("dropping too small frame, assuming it as broken\n");            continue;        }        /* copy JPG picture to global buffer */        pthread_mutex_lock( &pglobal->db );        /*         * If capturing in YUV mode convert to JPEG now.         * This compression requires many CPU cycles, so try to avoid YUV format.         * Getting JPEGs straight from the webcam, is one of the major advantages of         * Linux-UVC compatible devices.         */        if (videoIn->formatIn == V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV) {            DBG("compressing frame\n");            pglobal->size = compress_yuyv_to_jpeg(videoIn, pglobal->buf, videoIn->framesizeIn, gquality);        }        else {            DBG("copying frame\n");            pglobal->size = memcpy_picture(pglobal->buf, videoIn->tmpbuffer, videoIn->buf.bytesused);        }#if 0        /* motion detection can be done just by comparing the picture size, but it is not very accurate!! */        if ( (prev_size - global->size)*(prev_size - global->size) > 4*1024*1024 ) {            DBG("motion detected (delta: %d kB)\n", (prev_size - global->size) / 1024);        }        prev_size = global->size;#endif        /* signal fresh_frame */        pthread_cond_broadcast(&pglobal->db_update);        pthread_mutex_unlock( &pglobal->db );        DBG("waiting for next frame\n");        /* only use usleep if the fps is below 5, otherwise the overhead is too long */        if ( videoIn->fps < 5 ) {            usleep(1000*1000/videoIn->fps);        }    }    DBG("leaving input thread, calling cleanup function now\n");    pthread_cleanup_pop(1);    return NULL;}

22行—37行的代码实现了将图像数据拷贝到全局缓冲区,if语句针对的是输出YUYV格式的摄像头,在拷贝数据之前还要进行数据转换,将YUYV格式利用libjpeg库转换成jpg格式再进行拷贝。关于libjpeg库的移植方法可以参考这里:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-11765716-id-172491.html。else语句针对输出格式为jpg的摄像头,它直接将数据拷贝到全局缓冲区,无需转换。

  由于我使用的摄像头是中星微zc301,直接输出jpg格式,因此这里只讨论这种情况的修改方法。从上面代码中我们可以看出,我们只需要在21行与22行之间增加处理算法就能实现相应的功能。

  要进行图像处理,首先要将采集到的jpg图像转换为RGB或YUV,然后再由RGB或YUV转换为灰度,对灰度图像进行处理,完成之后再转换为jpg格式,最后拷贝到全局缓冲。而jpg与RGB或YUV格式的转换还要靠libjpeg库来实现。但是libjpeg库有个缺陷:它只能对文件进行转换,而我们的数据在内存中,因此需要对libjpeg库进行一定的修改。幸运的是我在motion项目中发现了jpg与YUV转换的代码,经过简单修改后可以直接使用。相应的文件是jpegutils.h和jpegutils.c,将他们放入mjpg-streamer/plugins/input_uvc/中即可。这是经过修改的文件:jpegutils。要用到的两个函数如下,分别是将jpg数据解码为YUV和将YUV编码成jpg。

int decode_jpeg_raw(unsigned char *jpeg_data, int len,                    int itype, int ctype, unsigned int width,                     unsigned int height, unsigned char *raw0,                     unsigned char *raw1, unsigned char *raw2);int encode_jpeg_raw(unsigned char *jpeg_data, int len, int quality,                    int itype, int ctype, unsigned int width,                     unsigned int height, unsigned char *raw0,                     unsigned char *raw1, unsigned char *raw2);
  将jpg数据解码为YUV数据后,由于Y代表亮度,即灰度。我们只需要对Y分量做处理即可,最后再编码为jpg数据。下面附上修改后的input_uvc.c文件:

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <string.h>#include <linux/videodev.h>#include <sys/ioctl.h>#include <errno.h>#include <signal.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <getopt.h>#include <pthread.h>#include <syslog.h>#include <math.h>#include "../../utils.h"#include "../../mjpg_streamer.h"#include "v4l2uvc.h"#include "huffman.h"#include "jpeg_utils.h"#include "jpegutils.h"#include "dynctrl.h"#define INPUT_PLUGIN_NAME "UVC webcam grabber"#define MAX_ARGUMENTS 32/* * UVC resolutions mentioned at: (at least for some webcams) * http://www.quickcamteam.net/hcl/frame-format-matrix/ */static const struct {    const char *string;    const int width, height;} resolutions[] = {    { "QSIF", 160,  120  },    { "QCIF", 176,  144  },    { "CGA",  320,  200  },    { "QVGA", 320,  240  },    { "CIF",  352,  288  },    { "VGA",  640,  480  },    { "SVGA", 800,  600  },    { "XGA",  1024, 768  },    { "SXGA", 1280, 1024 }};/* private functions and variables to this plugin */pthread_t cam;pthread_mutex_t controls_mutex;struct vdIn *videoIn;static globals *pglobal;static int gquality = 80;static unsigned int minimum_size = 0;static int dynctrls = 1;//jpeg压缩、解压缩unsigned char *y,*u,*v,*processed_jpeg_data;void *cam_thread( void *);void cam_cleanup(void *);void help(void);int input_cmd(in_cmd_type, int);int input_init(input_parameter *param) {/////////////////此处省略n行/////////////void *cam_thread( void *arg ) {    /*************  利用libjpeg库实现jpeg图像段压缩、解压缩  *************/    int i,j;    int length=sizeof(unsigned char)*videoIn->width*videoIn->height;    y = (unsigned char *)malloc(length);    u = (unsigned char *)malloc(length/4);    v = (unsigned char *)malloc(length/4);    processed_jpeg_data = (unsigned char *)malloc(length);    memset(y,0,length);    memset(u,0,length/4);    memset(v,0,length/4);    memset(processed_jpeg_data,0,length);    /* set cleanup handler to cleanup allocated ressources */    pthread_cleanup_push(cam_cleanup, NULL);    while( !pglobal->stop ) {        /* grab a frame */        if( uvcGrab(videoIn) < 0 ) {            IPRINT("Error grabbing frames\n");            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }        DBG("received frame of size: %d\n", videoIn->buf.bytesused);        /*         * Workaround for broken, corrupted frames:         * Under low light conditions corrupted frames may get captured.         * The good thing is such frames are quite small compared to the regular pictures.         * For example a VGA (640x480) webcam picture is normally >= 8kByte large,         * corrupted frames are smaller.         */        if ( videoIn->buf.bytesused < minimum_size ) {            DBG("dropping too small frame, assuming it as broken\n");            continue;        }        //将输入的jpeg图像解压成YUV分量        decode_jpeg_raw(videoIn->tmpbuffer,videoIn->buf.bytesused,0,420,videoIn->width,videoIn->height,y,u,v);        //这里可以对Y分量进行更改加入图像处理算法        /* 二值化 */        /*for(i=0;i<videoIn->height;i++)            for(j=0;j<videoIn->width;j++) {                if (*(y+i*videoIn->width+j)>128)                    *(y+i*videoIn->width+j)=250;                else                     *(y+i*videoIn->width+j)=0;}*/        /* 负片 */        for(i=0;i<videoIn->height;i++)            for(j=0;j<videoIn->width;j++)                *(y+i*videoIn->width+j)=255-*(y+i*videoIn->width+j);        /* sobel滤波 */        /*        int m,n,edge;//m,n为x,y方向上的梯度        for(i=1;i<videoIn->height-1;i++)            for(j=1;j<videoIn->width;j++)            {                m=*(y+(i-1)*videoIn->width+(j+1))+*(y+i*videoIn->width+(j+1))*2+*(y+(i+1)*videoIn->width+(j+1))\                    -*(y+(i-1)*videoIn->width+(j-1))-*(y+i*videoIn->width+(j-1))*2-*(y+(i+1)*videoIn->width+(j-1));                n=*(y+(i-1)*videoIn->width+(j-1))+*(y+(i-1)*videoIn->width+j)*2+*(y+(i-1)*videoIn->width+(j+1))\                    -*(y+(i+1)*videoIn->width+(j-1))-*(y+(i+1)*videoIn->width+j)*2-*(y+(i+1)*videoIn->width+(j+1));                edge=(int)sqrt((float)m*m+(float)n*n)+0.5;                //if(edge>255)                    //edge=255;                *(y+i*videoIn->width+j)=edge> 450?250 : 20;            }        */        //将UV分量设置为128,压缩后为灰度图像 memset(u,128,length/4); memset(v,128,length/4);        //将YUV分量压缩成jpeg encode_jpeg_raw(processed_jpeg_data,length,80,0,420,videoIn->width,videoIn->height,y,u,v);        //free()在后面不要忘了!         /* copy JPG picture to global buffer */         pthread_mutex_lock( &pglobal->db );         /*          * If capturing in YUV mode convert to JPEG now.          * This compression requires many CPU cycles, so try to avoid YUV format.          * Getting JPEGs straight from the webcam, is one of the major advantages of          * Linux-UVC compatible devices.          */         if (videoIn->formatIn == V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV)        {            DBG("compressing frame\n");             pglobal->size = compress_yuyv_to_jpeg(videoIn, pglobal->buf, videoIn->framesizeIn, gquality);         }        else        {            DBG("copying frame\n");             //pglobal->size = memcpy_picture(pglobal->buf, videoIn->tmpbuffer, videoIn->buf.bytesused);             //将新压缩的jpeg图像复制到全局缓冲区             pglobal->size = memcpy_picture(pglobal->buf,processed_jpeg_data, videoIn->width*videoIn->height);        }#if 0         /* motion detection can be done just by comparing the picture size, but it is not very accurate!! */         if ( (prev_size - global->size)*(prev_size - global->size) > 4*1024*1024 )        {            DBG("motion detected (delta: %d kB)\n", (prev_size - global->size) / 1024);         }        prev_size = global->size;#endif        /* signal fresh_frame */        pthread_cond_broadcast(&pglobal->db_update);        pthread_mutex_unlock( &pglobal->db );        DBG("waiting for next frame\n");         /* only use usleep if the fps is below 5, otherwise the overhead is too long */        if ( videoIn->fps < 5 )         {             usleep(1000*1000/videoIn->fps);         }    }     DBG("leaving input thread, calling cleanup function now\n");     pthread_cleanup_pop(1);     return NULL;}void cam_cleanup(void *arg) {     static unsigned char first_run = 1;     if ( !first_run )     {         DBG("already cleaned up ressources\n");         return;     }     first_run = 0;     IPRINT("cleaning up ressources allocated by input thread\n");     /* restore behaviour of the LED to auto */     input_cmd(IN_CMD_LED_AUTO, 0);     close_v4l2(videoIn);     if (videoIn->tmpbuffer != NULL) free(videoIn->tmpbuffer);     if (videoIn != NULL) free(videoIn);     if (pglobal->buf != NULL) free(pglobal->buf);     //释放jpeg压缩、解压缩缓存 if (y != NULL) free(y);     if (u != NULL) free(u);     if (v != NULL) free(v);     if (processed_jpeg_data != NULL) free(processed_jpeg_data);}
程序中实现了二值化、负片和sobel滤波效果。
除了修改源码外,还需要修改input_uvc文件夹内的Makefile,修改如下:

################################################################# Purpose: Makefile for "M-JPEG Streamer"# Author.: Tom Stoeveken (TST)# Version: 0.3# License: GPL################################################################CC = arm-linux-gccOTHER_HEADERS = ../../mjpg_streamer.h ../../utils.h ../output.h ../input.hCFLAGS += -O2 -DLINUX -D_GNU_SOURCE -Wall -shared -fPIC#CFLAGS += -DDEBUGLFLAGS += -ljpeg -lm #for math.hall: input_uvc.soclean:    rm -f *.a *.o core *~ *.so *.loinput_uvc.so: $(OTHER_HEADERS) input_uvc.c v4l2uvc.lo dynctrl.lo jpeg_utils.lo jpegutils.lo    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LFLAGS) -o $@ input_uvc.c v4l2uvc.lo dynctrl.lo jpeg_utils.lo jpegutils.lov4l2uvc.lo: huffman.h uvc_compat.h uvcvideo.h v4l2uvc.c v4l2uvc.h    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ v4l2uvc.cjpeg_utils.lo: jpeg_utils.c jpeg_utils.h    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ jpeg_utils.cdynctrl.lo: dynctrl.c dynctrl.h uvcvideo.h    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ dynctrl.cjpegutils.lo: jpegutils.c jpegutils.h    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ jpegutils.c
编译完成后通过TQ2440进行测试,在终端中启动mjpg_streamer,客户端输出结果如下:



  至此修改终于成功了。客户端软件看这里:http://www.armbbs.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=17042。除了使用客户端软件,还可以直接使用浏览器查看。
  但是修改还没有结束,以上使用了自己编写代码的方法实现了图像处理功能,OpenCV是图像处理利器,如果能进一步将OpenCV应用到这里,能够大大简化我们的代码量,同时能够实现更复杂的算法。Opencv在x86 Linux和arm_linux上的移植我已经成功实现了,看我的另一篇博文:Opencv2.3.1在ubuntu10.04和TQ2440 arm-linux上的移植与测试
  这里我们进行背景差分算法的实现。主要参考了Opencv官网中的读视频文件和运动检测范例,此外涉及到IplImage类型与unsigned char*类型数据转换的问题,参考了BMP与IplImage相互转换范例。


使用Opencv需要加入头文件:

#include "cv.h"#include "highgui.h"
主要算法如下:

//将输入的jpeg图像解压成YUV分量decode_jpeg_raw(videoIn->tmpbuffer,videoIn->buf.bytesused,0,420,videoIn->width,videoIn->height,y,u,v);//这里可以对Y分量进行更改加入图像处理算法framenumber++;pFrame->imageData=(char *)y;//Canny算子//cvCanny(pImg, pCannyImg, 50, 150, 3);if(framenumber == 1){    pBkImg = cvCreateImage(cvSize(videoIn->width,videoIn->height),  IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);    pFrImg = cvCreateImage(cvSize(videoIn->width,videoIn->height),  IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);    pBkMat = cvCreateMat(videoIn->height, videoIn->width, CV_32FC1);    pFrMat = cvCreateMat(videoIn->height, videoIn->width, CV_32FC1);    pFrameMat = cvCreateMat(videoIn->height, videoIn->width, CV_32FC1);    //转化成单通道图像再处理    pBkImg=pFrame;//当前帧为背景    pFrImg=pFrame;//当前帧转为灰度并作为前景    cvConvert(pFrImg, pFrameMat);//图像转为矩阵,以便计算    cvConvert(pFrImg, pFrMat);    cvConvert(pFrImg, pBkMat);}else //从第2帧开始{    pFrImg=pFrame;//将当前帧作为前景并转灰度    cvConvert(pFrImg, pFrameMat);    //高斯滤波先,以平滑图像    cvSmooth(pFrameMat, pFrameMat, CV_GAUSSIAN, 3, 0, 0,0);    //当前帧跟背景图相减    cvAbsDiff(pFrameMat, pBkMat, pFrMat);//计算当前帧与背景的差的绝对值,作为前景    //二值化前景图    cvThreshold(pFrMat, pFrImg, 60, 255.0, CV_THRESH_BINARY);    //进行形态学滤波,去掉噪音      cvErode(pFrImg, pFrImg, 0, 1);    cvDilate(pFrImg, pFrImg, 0, 1);    //更新背景,背景自动更新,权值0.003    cvRunningAvg(pFrameMat, pBkMat, 0.03, 0);    //将UV分量设置为128,压缩后为灰度图像    memset(u,128,length/4);    memset(v,128,length/4);    //将YUV分量压缩成jpeg    encode_jpeg_raw(processed_jpeg_data,length,80,0,420,videoIn->width,videoIn->height,(unsigned char *)pFrImg->imageData,u,v);}
附上使用Opencv的Makefile:

################################################################# Purpose: Makefile for "M-JPEG Streamer"# Author.: Tom Stoeveken (TST)# Version: 0.3# License: GPL################################################################CC = arm-linux-gccOTHER_HEADERS = ../../mjpg_streamer.h ../../utils.h ../output.h ../input.h#################OpenCV Package Information for pkg-config##############prefix=/opt/EmbedSky/opencv_armexec_prefix=${prefix}libdir=${exec_prefix}/libincludedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencvincludedir_new=${prefix}/include##Name: OpenCV#Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library#Version: 2.3.1#Libs: -L${libdir} -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_ml -lopencv_video -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_objdetect -#lopencv_contrib -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_flann -lpthread -lrt#Cflags: -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}CV_LFLAGS += -ljpeg -L${libdir} -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_ml -lopencv_video -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_flann -lpthread -lrt CV_CFLAGS += -O2 -DLINUX -D_GNU_SOURCE -Wall -shared -fPIC -I${includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}##########end#############################################CFLAGS += -O2 -DLINUX -D_GNU_SOURCE -Wall -shared -fPIC#CFLAGS += -DDEBUGLFLAGS += -ljpeg -lm #for math.hall: input_uvc.soclean:    rm -f *.a *.o core *~ *.so *.loinput_uvc.so: $(OTHER_HEADERS) input_uvc.c v4l2uvc.lo dynctrl.lo jpeg_utils.lo jpegutils.lo    $(CC) $(CV_CFLAGS) $(CV_LFLAGS) -o $@ input_uvc.c v4l2uvc.lo dynctrl.lo jpeg_utils.lo jpegutils.lov4l2uvc.lo: huffman.h uvc_compat.h uvcvideo.h v4l2uvc.c v4l2uvc.h    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ v4l2uvc.cjpeg_utils.lo: jpeg_utils.c jpeg_utils.h    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ jpeg_utils.cdynctrl.lo: dynctrl.c dynctrl.h uvcvideo.h    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ dynctrl.cjpegutils.lo: jpegutils.c jpegutils.h    $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ jpegutils.c
编译成功后放到开发板验证,结果如下:







前两张图是建立背景,第三张是背景差分结果,从图中可以看出背景差分效果很好。
  至此,我们已经能够成功将Opencv应用于mjpg_streamer项目中,为实现更复杂的算法打下了基础。值得一提的是,此次我使用的验证平台是TQ2440,虽然修改后的mjpg_streamer能够成功运行,但是速度实在不敢恭维。如果能够使用更高端的芯片验证,相信效果会更流畅。
  最后附上修改后的项目源码:my_mjpg_streamer


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