android下的linux内核编译

二、Android中bootimage的生成

0.linux VMLINUX 的生成

     vmlinux(vmlinuz)是一个包含linux kernel的静态链接的可执行文件,文件型态可能是linux接受的可执行文件格式之一(ELF、COFF或a.out)。vmlinux是未压缩的内核,vmlinux 是ELF文件,即编译出来的最原始的文件。

      下面以mtk6582分析为例子。

       (1).先看out下的文件:/home/tonylau/tony-workspace/new-v387/my-ap/out/target/product/xxxx(项目名称)，

dd该目录下包含所有的手机文件镜像，如bootimage，systemimage等等，还有需要用到的obj（临时文件）

(2).然后进入obj，进一步查看：/home/tonylau/tony-workspace/new-v387/my-ap/out/target/product/xxxx(项目名称)/obj

      可以看出，该目录下包含生成（1）中各种image需要用到的临时文件，如app相关的，bootloader相关的，Java相关的，kernel相关的（我们关心的是kernel相关的KERNEL_OBJ）

(3).在进入KERNEL_OBJ:/home/tonylau/tony-workspace/new-v387/my-ap/out/target/product//xxxx(项目名称)/obj/KERNEL_OBJ ====>>>>这是我们需要研究的编译vmlinux相关的地方。

====>>>>生成vmlinux：查看.vmlinux.cmd如下

【编译内核之后相应的文件会产生一个 .*.o.cmd的依赖文件, 据此文件可看出被编译的.o文件依赖的头文件,及被编译参数.

Linux Makefile通过在编译过程中生成的 .文件名.o.cmd（比如对于main.c文件，它对应的依赖文件名为.main.o.cmd）来定义相关的依赖关系。

】

(     依据arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds 生成linux内核源码根目录下的vmlinux，这个vmlinux属于未压缩，带调试信息、符号表的最初的内核，大小约23MB；

      根据链接脚本vmlinux.lds 链接生成了arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux 文件。

       /*在Build vmlinux小节的注释中，对vmlinux生成原理做了详尽的描述：

     vmlinux: $(vmlinux-lds) $(vmlinux-init) $(vmlinux-main) vmlinux.o $(kallsyms.o) FORCE

       vmlinux是由$(vmlinux-init) 和$(vmlinux-main)指定的目标文件最终链接生成的。通常它们是位于各个子目录下的built_int.o目标文件，一些特殊名字的.o文件由arch/$(ARCH)/Makefile生成。

       目标文件.o链接为vmlinux的顺序是非常重要的，$(vmlinux-init)指定的目标文件优先级最高，接着是$(vmlinux-main)，最后是kallsyms.o。于此同时System.map包含了内核所有的导出符号表。*/

)

        cmd_vmlinux := arm-linux-androideabi-ld.bfd -EL  -p --no-undefined -X --build-id -ovmlinux(目标文件) -T arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds(依照文件) arch/arm/kernel/head.o arch/arm/kernel/init_task.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/built-in.o    xxx.o ...................（需要用到的各种o文件）

     可以看出vmlinux的生成依赖于arch/arm/kernel/head.o，arch/arm/kernel/init_task.o，以及其他子目录下的built-in.o。至于底层还需要什么文件也可以按图索骥了。

【PS】：vmlinux.lds:(初始化优先级)

__initcall_start = .;

*(.initcallearly.init) __initcall0_start = .;

*(.initcall0.init) *(.initcall0s.init) __initcall1_start = .; 

*(.initcall1.init) *(.initcall1s.init) __initcall2_start = .; 

*(.initcall2.init) *(.initcall2s.init) __initcall3_start = .; 

*(.initcall3.init) *(.initcall3s.init) __initcall4_start = .; 

*(.initcall4.init) *(.initcall4s.init) __initcall5_start = .;

*(.initcall5.init) *(.initcall5s.init) __initcallrootfs_start = .; 

*(.initcallrootfs.init) *(.initcallrootfss.init) __initcall6_start = .; 

*(.initcall6.init) *(.initcall6s.init) __initcall7_start = .; 

*(.initcall7.init) *(.initcall7s.init) __initcall_end = .;

====>>>>生成mediatek/custom/out/kernel/built-in.o：查看.built-in.o.cmd如下，

       cmd_mediatek/custom/out/kernel/built-in.o :=  arm-linux-androideabi-ld.bfd -EL    -r -o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/built-in.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_mt_common.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_debug.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/tpd_debug.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_i2c.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/mtk_ttsp.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/tpd_init.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_mtb.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_btn.omediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/ft5206_driver.o(先编译)mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/tpd_setting.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_core.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/tpd_misc.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/tpd_calibrate.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/tpd_default.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/focaltech_ctl.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_bus.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_loader.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/tpd_button.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/cyttsp4_device_access.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/ft5x06_ex_fun.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/mtk_tpd.o（后编译）  mediatek/custom/out/kernel/cam_cal/a5142otp.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/lens/FM50AF.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/lens/dummy_lens.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/magnetometer/cust_mag.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/magnetometer/lsm303m.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/magnetometer/mag.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/flashlight/sub_strobe_2ndPart_2.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/flashlight/strobe_part_id.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/flashlight/leds_strobe.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/flashlight/sub_strobe.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/flashlight/main_strobe_2ndPart_2.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/flashlight/kd_flashlightlist.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/kpd/mtk_kpd_bkl.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/vibrator/cust_vibrator.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/lcm/hx8394a_dsi_vdo.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/lcm/mt65xx_lcm_list.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/alsps/stk3x1x.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/alsps/cust_alsps.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/dct/pmic_drv.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/core/board.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/camera/kd_camera_hw.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/camera/dummyds.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/imgsensor/sp2529yuv_Sensor.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/imgsensor/gc2235_Sensor.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/imgsensor/kd_sensorlist.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/imgsensor/ov8858mipiraw_Sensor.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/eeprom/dummy_eeprom.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/sound/yusu_android_speaker.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/headset/accdet_custom.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/ssw/sim_switch.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/leds/cust_leds.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/accelerometer/lsm303d.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/accelerometer/cust_acc.o mediatek/custom/out/kernel/accelerometer/accel.o

可以看出：其实结果就是把“:=”右边对应目录下的文件编译好，连接成build-in.o文件

====>>>>生成mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/ft5206_driver.o：查看.ft5206_driver.o.cmd如下

cmd_mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/ft5206_driver.o := arm-linux-androideabi-gcc -Wp,-MD,mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/.ft5206_driver.o.d  -nostdinc -isystem /home/tonylau/tony-workspace/new-v387/my-ap/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-linux-androideabi-4.7/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.7/include   -I xxx（包含的头文件等等）  -c  -o  mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/ft5206_driver.o   /home/tonylau/tony-workspace/new-v387/my-ap/kernel/mediatek/custom/out/kernel/touchpanel/ft5206_driver.c

1.linux 标准的zimage

该图来自 http://freeelectrons.com/docs/kernelinit

                   

2.android 中的bootimage

      在Android 产品中，内核格式是Linux标准的zImage，根文件系统采用ramdisk格式。这两者在Android下是直接合并在一起取名为boot.img,会放在一个独立分区当中。这个分区格式是Android自行制定的格式。

      boot.img的格式比较简单，它主要分为三大块（有的可能有四块）

+—————–+
| boot header | 1 page
+—————–+
| kernel | n pages
+—————–+
| ramdisk | m pages
+—————–+
| second stage | o pages
+—————–+

n = (kernel_size + page_size – 1) / page_size
m = (ramdisk_size + page_size – 1) / page_size
o = (second_size + page_size – 1) / page_size

0. all entities are page_size aligned in flash
1. kernel and ramdisk are required (size != 0)
2. second is optional (second_size == 0 -> no second)