Zookeeper教程(一):快速开始以及结合java实现分布式Barrier和Queue

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前言:现在网上对于详细系统的Zookeeper教程较少,于是自己想着来写一个,其实也是结合官方英文文档进行学习,计划将覆盖Zookeeper配置使用,结合java实现一些案例,源码解读,以及最终与dubbo等进行结合部署一个分布式系统。所有相关的代码都会上传到git代码地址连接,需要的可以下载一下。

(一)快速开始:
(1)概述:Zookeeper是Hadoop的一个子项目,它是分布式系统中的协调系统,可提供的服务主要有:配置服务、名字服务、分布式同步、组服务等。
(2)使用常见:1,统一配置:把配置放在ZooKeeper的节点中维护,当配置变更时,客户端可以收到变更的通知,并应用最新的配置。2,集群管理:集群中的节点,创建ephemeral的节点,一旦断开连接,ephemeral的节点会消失,其它的集群机器可以收到消息。3,分布式锁:多个客户端发起节点创建操作,只有一个客户端创建成功,从而获得锁。
(3)安装和配置:通过官方下载链接zookeeper 进行下载,解压后进入conf目录,新建一个zoo.conf文件,配置内容如下:

tickTime=2000    dataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/datadataLogDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/dataLogclientPort=4399initLimit=5syncLimit=2

tickTime: ZooKeeper基本时间单位(ms)
initLimit: 指定了启动zookeeper时,zookeeper实例中的随从实例同步到领导实例的初始化连接时间限制,超出时间限制则连接失败(以tickTime为时间单位);
syncLimit: 指定了zookeeper正常运行时,主从节点之间同步数据的时间限制,若超过这个时间限制,那么随从实例将会被丢弃
dataDir: zookeeper存放数据的目录;
clientPort: 用于连接客户端的端口

接下来进入bin目录启动ZooKeeper实例以及客户端连接:

./zkServer.sh start./zkCli.sh -server localhost:4399

接下来看看集群如何配置,其实跟单机差不多,这里我们把刚刚下载的Zookeeper复制多两份,一共是三个,配置信息如下:

tickTime=2000    dataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/datadataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/dataLogclientPort=4399initLimit=5syncLimit=2server.1=127.0.0.1:8880:9990server.2=127.0.0.1:8881:9991server.3=127.0.0.1:8882:9992

三个文件夹下面的zoo.conf都是这个格式,需要修改dataDir,dataDir,clientPort,
然后在dataDir所指向的目录下面新建一个myid文件,对应server.x,比如第一个文件夹下面的myid就填入一个1,第二个就填入一个2,以此类推。接着依次启动即可。可以采用下面的命令

echo "1" > myid

(二)使用java来操作ZooKeeper实例
一门技术最重要的就算实战了,接下来的内容将围绕这一部分来讲。
(1)首先是Znode的创建和删除
Znode有两种类型:短暂的和持久的。短暂的znode在创建的客户端与服务器端断开(无论是明确的断开还是故障断开)连接时,该znode都会被删除;相反,持久的znode则不会

public class CreateGroup implements Watcher {    //会话延时    private static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 1000;    //zk对象    private ZooKeeper zk = null;    //同步计数器    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);    //客户端连接到服务器时会触发观察者进行调用    public void process(WatchedEvent event) {        if(event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected){            countDownLatch.countDown();//计数器减一        }    }    public void connect(String hosts) throws IOException, InterruptedException {        zk = new ZooKeeper(hosts, SESSION_TIMEOUT, this);        countDownLatch.await();//阻塞程序继续执行    }    //创建GROUP    public void create(String groupName) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{        String path = "/" + groupName;        //允许任何客户端对该znode进行读写,以及znode进行持久化        String createPath = zk.create(path, null, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);        System.out.println("Created "+createPath);    }    //关闭zk    public void close() throws InterruptedException{        if(zk != null){            try {                zk.close();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                throw e;            }finally{                zk = null;                System.gc();            }        }    }    //测试主类    public static void main(String args[]){        String host = "127.0.0.1:4399";        String groupName = "test";        CreateGroup createGroup = new CreateGroup();        try {            createGroup.connect(host);            createGroup.create(groupName);            createGroup.close();            createGroup = null;            System.gc();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (KeeperException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }       }}

接下来把创建和销毁分离出来作为一个独立的类,以后相关操作可以直接使用

public class ConnetctionWatcher implements Watcher {    private static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 5000;    protected ZooKeeper zk = null;    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);    public void process(WatchedEvent event) {        KeeperState state = event.getState();        if(state == KeeperState.SyncConnected){            countDownLatch.countDown();        }    }    public void connection(String hosts) throws IOException, InterruptedException {        zk = new ZooKeeper(hosts, SESSION_TIMEOUT, this);        countDownLatch.await();    }    public void close() throws InterruptedException {        if (null != zk) {            try {                zk.close();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                throw e;            }finally{                zk = null;                System.gc();            }        }    }}

接下来我们看看节点如何删除

public class DeleteGroup extends ConnetctionWatcher {    public void delete(String groupName) {        String path = "/" + groupName;        try {            List<String> children = zk.getChildren(path, false);            for(String child : children){                zk.delete(path + "/" + child, -1);            }            zk.delete(path, -1);//版本号为-1,        } catch (KeeperException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

git上面还有官方给的例子的代码,放在类Executor.java,DataMonitor.java,DataMonitorListener.java。有兴趣可以看一下,试着自己实现一下。

(三)利用java实现分布式Barrier
Barrier是一种控制和协调多个任务触发次序的机制。简单来说就是用一个屏障把将要执行的任务拦住,等待所有任务都处于可运行状态才放开屏障,其实在单机上我们可以利用CyclicBarrier来实现这个机制,但是在分布式环境下,我们可以利用ZooKeeper可以派上用场,我们可以利用一个Node来作为Barrier的实体,然后要Barrier的任务通过调用exists检测是否Node存在,当需要打开Barrier时候,删除这个Node,这样ZooKeeper的watch机制会通知到各个任务可以开始执行。接下来看代码:

public class Barrier extends SyncPrimitive {    int size;    String name;    Barrier(String address, String root, int size) {        super(address);        this.root = root;        this.size = size;        //创建Barrier的Node        if (zk != null) {            try {                Stat s = zk.exists(root, false);                if (s == null) {                    zk.create(root, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT);                }            } catch (KeeperException e) {                System.out.println("Keeper exception when instantiating queue: " + e.toString());            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                System.out.println("Interrupted exception");            }        }        try {            name = new String(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName().toString());        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {            System.out.println(e.toString());        }    }    /**     * 加入Barrier等待     */    boolean enter() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{        zk.create(root + "/" + name, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);        while (true) {            synchronized (mutex) {                List<String> list = zk.getChildren(root, true);                if (list.size() < size) {                    mutex.wait();                } else {                    return true;                }            }        }    }    /**     * 一直等待知道指定数量节点到达     */    boolean leave() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{        zk.delete(root + "/" + name, 0);        while (true) {            synchronized (mutex) {                List<String> list = zk.getChildren(root, true);                    if (list.size() > 0) {                        mutex.wait();                    } else {                        return true;                    }                }            }    }}

父类代码如下:

public class SyncPrimitive implements Watcher {    static ZooKeeper zk = null;    static Integer mutex;    //根节点    String root;    SyncPrimitive(String address) {        if(zk == null){            try {                System.out.println("Starting ZK:");                zk = new ZooKeeper(address, 3000, this);                mutex = new Integer(-1);                System.out.println("Finished starting ZK: " + zk);            } catch (IOException e) {                System.out.println(e.toString());                zk = null;            }        }        //else mutex = new Integer(-1);    }    synchronized public void process(WatchedEvent event) {        synchronized (mutex) {            System.out.println("Process: " + event.getType());            mutex.notify();        }    }    public static void queueTest(String args[]) {        Queue q = new Queue(args[1], "/app1");        System.out.println("Input: " + args[1]);        int i;        Integer max = new Integer(args[2]);        if (args[3].equals("p")) {            System.out.println("Producer");            for (i = 0; i < max; i++)                try{                    q.produce(10 + i);                } catch (KeeperException e){                } catch (InterruptedException e){                }        } else {            System.out.println("Consumer");            for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {                try{                    int r = q.consume();                    System.out.println("Item: " + r);                } catch (KeeperException e){                    i--;                } catch (InterruptedException e){                }            }        }    }    public static void barrierTest(String args[]) {        Barrier b = new Barrier(args[1], "/b1", new Integer(args[2]));        try{            boolean flag = b.enter();            System.out.println("Entered barrier: " + args[2]);            if(!flag) System.out.println("Error when entering the barrier");        } catch (KeeperException e){        } catch (InterruptedException e){        }        Random rand = new Random();        int r = rand.nextInt(100);        for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) {            try {                Thread.sleep(100);            } catch (InterruptedException e) {            }        }        try{            b.leave();        } catch (KeeperException e){        } catch (InterruptedException e){        }        System.out.println("Left barrier");    }    //测试用的主类    public static void main(String args[]) {        /*        args =new String[] {"qTest","localhost:4399","3","c"};        if (args[0].equals("qTest"))            queueTest(args);        else            barrierTest(args);         */    }}

(四)分布式队列(Queue)
在分布式环境下,实现Queue需要高一致性来保证,那么我们可以这样来设计。把一个Node当成一个队列,然后children用来存储内容,利用ZooKeeper提供的顺序递增的模式(会自动在name后面加入一个递增的数字来插入新元素)。于是在offer时候我们可以使用create,take时候按照顺序把children第一个delete就可以了。ZooKeeper保证了各个server上数据是一致的。废话不多说了,直接看代码

/** * 一个消费者-生产者模式的消息队列 */public class Queue extends SyncPrimitive {    Queue(String address, String name) {        super(address);        this.root = name;        if (zk != null) {            try {                Stat s = zk.exists(root, false);                if (s == null) {                    zk.create(root, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT);                }            } catch (KeeperException e) {                System.out.println("Keeper exception when instantiating queue: " + e.toString());            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                System.out.println("Interrupted exception");            }        }    }    /**     * 队列中插入数据     */    boolean produce(int i) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{        ByteBuffer b = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);        byte[] value;        b.putInt(i);        value = b.array();        zk.create(root + "/element", value, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL);        return true;    }    /**     * 把元素从队列中移除     */    int consume() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{        int retvalue = -1;        Stat stat = null;        //得到现在队列中首个可用的节点        while (true) {            synchronized (mutex) {                List<String> list = zk.getChildren(root, true);                if (list.size() == 0) {                    System.out.println("Going to wait");                    mutex.wait();                } else {                    Integer min = new Integer(list.get(0).substring(7));                    for(String s : list){                        Integer tempValue = new Integer(s.substring(7));                        //System.out.println("Temporary value: " + tempValue);                        if(tempValue < min) min = tempValue;                    }                    System.out.println("Temporary value: " + root + "/element" + min);                    byte[] b = zk.getData(root + "/element" + min, false, stat);                    zk.delete(root + "/element" + min, 0);                    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(b);                    retvalue = buffer.getInt();                    return retvalue;                }            }        }    }}

代码git地址
https://github.com/wacxt/zookeeper-study

参考文献:
http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/trunk/zookeeperStarted.html

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