初识Socket编程

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Socket编程的基本流程：

Socket编程的常用函数：

注：来源于百度百科

示例代码：

服务端

#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/shm.h>#define MYPORT  8887#define QUEUE   20#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024int main(){    ///定义sockfd    int server_sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM, 0);    ///定义sockaddr_in    struct sockaddr_in server_sockaddr;    server_sockaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;    server_sockaddr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT);    server_sockaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);    ///bind，成功返回0，出错返回-1    if(bind(server_sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&server_sockaddr,sizeof(server_sockaddr))==-1)    {        perror("bind");        exit(1);    }    ///listen，成功返回0，出错返回-1    if(listen(server_sockfd,QUEUE) == -1)    {        perror("listen");        exit(1);    }    ///客户端套接字    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];    struct sockaddr_in client_addr;    socklen_t length = sizeof(client_addr);    ///成功返回非负描述字，出错返回-1    int conn = accept(server_sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &length);    if(conn<0)    {        perror("connect");        exit(1);    }    while(1)    {        memset(buffer,0,sizeof(buffer));        int len = recv(conn, buffer, sizeof(buffer),0);        if(strcmp(buffer,"exit\n")==0)            break;        fputs(buffer, stdout);        send(conn, buffer, len, 0);    }    close(conn);    close(server_sockfd);    return 0;}

客户端

#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <sys/shm.h>#define MYPORT  8887#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024int main(){    ///定义sockfd    int sock_cli = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM, 0);    ///定义sockaddr_in    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;    servaddr.sin_port = htons(MYPORT);  ///服务器端口    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");  ///服务器ip    ///连接服务器，成功返回0，错误返回-1    if (connect(sock_cli, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)    {        perror("connect");        exit(1);    }    char sendbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];    char recvbuf[BUFFER_SIZE];    while (fgets(sendbuf, sizeof(sendbuf), stdin) != NULL)    {        send(sock_cli, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf),0); ///发送        if(strcmp(sendbuf,"exit\n")==0)            break;        recv(sock_cli, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf),0); ///接收        fputs(recvbuf, stdout);        memset(sendbuf, 0, sizeof(sendbuf));        memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));    }    close(sock_cli);    return 0;}

程序为简单的“回射”，客户端将控制台输入的信息发送给服务器端，服务器原样返回信息。

效果图：

客户端

服务器端

sockaddr_in结构体（在netinet/in.h中定义）：

struct sockaddr_in{   short sin_family;/*Address family一般来说AF_INET（地址族）PF_INET（协议族）*/   unsigned short sin_port;/*Port number(必须要采用网络数据格式,普通数字可以用htons()函数转换成网络数据格式的数字)*/   struct in_addr sin_addr;/*IP address in network byte order（Internet address）*/   unsigned char sin_zero[8];/*Same size as struct sockaddr没有实际意义,只是为了　跟SOCKADDR结构在内存中对齐*/};

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/xudong-bupt/archive/2013/12/29/3483059.html

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