spring+springMVC框架搭建(一)

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本系列记录我从零开始学习搭建、修改和优化一个基本框架的详细过程,由于水平有限,大家可以把此作为参考进行学习交流,有什么不好的地方可以指出。

零、框架简洁
环境:
1.maven    
2.jdk1.7
3.tomcat7
4.spring4.3.8

后台使用的是pringMVC作为控制层,Spring的JPA作为持久层,调用接口向前端返回json数据

一、搭建spring框架
1.新建maven项目(不知道请参考之前的文章)
maven项目基本目录结构


2.配置pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>king</groupId>
<artifactId>springWeb</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springWeb Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring核心包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入Mysql数据库链接jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.30</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 导入dbcp的jar包,用来在applicationContext.xml中配置数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志文件管理包 -->
<!-- log start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 格式化对象,方便输出日志 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.1.41</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<!-- 映入JSON -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 上传组件包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.9</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springWeb</finalName>
</build>
<properties>
<!-- spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.3.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
<slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
</properties>
</project>



右击pom.xml -> run as ->Maven build下载依赖包

3.在src/main/java下创建spring的配置文件spring-config.xml文件,文件名可以随便取,只要与之后的web.xml所配置的文件名一致即可,初始配置文件内容如下。
配置文件只配置了一个用于测试的bean,在接下在的步骤中我们将慢慢添加内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 测试bean -->
<bean id="test" class="test.Test"/>
</beans>

4.配置web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- Spring的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-config.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 编码过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- Spring监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

5.部署到到tomcat并启动。


二、配置使用使用SpringMVC

1.新建spring-mvc.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<!-- 自动扫描包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.com.king"/>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置jdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>/WEB-INF/classes/jdbc.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>


2.在web.xml加入springMVC的配置
<!-- 配置spring-MVC -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
<async-supported>true</async-supported>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
<!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do,对应struts的后缀习惯 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3.新建controller
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class basecontroller {
@RequestMapping("/helloWorld")
@ResponseBody
public List index() {
List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
result.add("king");
result.add("test");
result.add("gg");
return result;
}
 
}


4.浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/springWeb/test/helloWorld返回json数据



三、使用jdbc访问数据库

1.spring加入自动装配

在spring-config.xml中加入

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

加入自动扫描标签
<!-- 自动扫描包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.com.king"/>
加入这个标签后spring就会扫描这个包以及这个包的子包所有带有 @Repository  @controller @service的类进行自动装配。

2.加入数据源配置和配置jdbcTemplate,之后我们将jdbcTemplate注入到dao类中就可以使用jdbcTemplate对数据库进行操作了。
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置jdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>


3.新建配置src/main/resources下新建jdbc.properties文件
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

4.引入配置文件
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>/WEB-INF/classes/jdbc.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

修改后的spring-config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">
<!-- 自动扫描包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.com.king"/>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置jdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>/WEB-INF/classes/jdbc.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>


5.新建basedao类
@Repository
public class BaseDao {
@Resource
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public int testQuery() {
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from worker", Integer.class);
}
 
public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
return jdbcTemplate;
}
 
public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
}
}

6.修改controller类,在controller类中注入baseDao
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class basecontroller {
@Resource
private BaseDao baseDao;
@RequestMapping("/helloWorld")
@ResponseBody
public List index() {
List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
result.add("king");
result.add("test");
result.add("gg");
return result;
}
@RequestMapping("testJdbc")
@ResponseBody
public Map testJdbc() {
Map map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
int count = baseDao.testQuery();
map.put("count", count);
return map;
}
 
public BaseDao getBaseDao() {
return baseDao;
}
 
public void setBaseDao(BaseDao baseDao) {
this.baseDao = baseDao;
}
}

7.访问http://localhost:8080/springWeb/test/testJdbc即可看到返回结果


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