java--HttpClient的使用

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一、简介

     HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中,比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。

二、特性

1. 基于标准、纯净的Java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1

2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)。

3. 支持HTTPS协议。

4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。

5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。

6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。

7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。

8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。

9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数,同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数,发现并关闭过期的连接。

10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。

11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。

12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。

13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。

14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。

15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。

16. 设置连接超时的能力。

17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。

18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。

、使用方法

     使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可。

1. 创建HttpClient对象。

2. 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。

3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。

4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。

5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。

6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接。


四、实例代码

package com.test;        import java.io.File;    import java.io.FileInputStream;    import java.io.IOException;    
package com.test;        import java.io.File;    import java.io.FileInputStream;    import java.io.IOException;    import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;    import java.security.KeyManagementException;    import java.security.KeyStore;    import java.security.KeyStoreException;    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;    import java.security.cert.CertificateException;    import java.util.ArrayList;    import java.util.List;        import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;        import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;    import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;    import org.apache.http.ParseException;    import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;    import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;    import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;    import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;    import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;    import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;    import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;    import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;    import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;    import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;    import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;    import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;    import org.junit.Test;        public class HttpClientTest {            @Test        public void jUnitTest() {            get();        }            /**      * HttpClient连接SSL      */        public void ssl() {            CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;            try {                KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());                FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));                try {                    // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore                      trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());                } catch (CertificateException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                } finally {                    try {                        instream.close();                    } catch (Exception ignore) {                    }                }                // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书                SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();                // 只允许使用TLSv1协议                SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,                        SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);                httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();                // 创建http请求(get方式)                HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");                System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());                CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);                try {                    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();                    System.out.println("----------------------------------------");                    System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());                    if (entity != null) {                        System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());                        System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));                        EntityUtils.consume(entity);                    }                } finally {                    response.close();                }            } catch (ParseException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (KeyManagementException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (KeyStoreException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } finally {                if (httpclient != null) {                    try {                        httpclient.close();                    } catch (IOException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                }            }        }            /**      * post方式提交表单(模拟用户登录请求)      */        public void postForm() {            // 创建默认的httpClient实例.              CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();            // 创建httppost              HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");            // 创建参数队列              List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();            formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));            formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));            UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;            try {                uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");                httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);                System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());                CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);                try {                    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();                    if (entity != null) {                        System.out.println("--------------------------------------");                        System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));                        System.out.println("--------------------------------------");                    }                } finally {                    response.close();                }            } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {                e1.printStackTrace();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } finally {                // 关闭连接,释放资源                  try {                    httpclient.close();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }            /**      * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果      */        public void post() {            // 创建默认的httpClient实例.              CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();            // 创建httppost              HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");            // 创建参数队列              List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();            formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));            UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;            try {                uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");                httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);                System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());                CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);                try {                    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();                    if (entity != null) {                        System.out.println("--------------------------------------");                        System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));                        System.out.println("--------------------------------------");                    }                } finally {                    response.close();                }            } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {                e1.printStackTrace();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } finally {                // 关闭连接,释放资源                  try {                    httpclient.close();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }            /**      * 发送 get请求      */        public void get() {            CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();            try {                // 创建httpget.                  HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");                System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());                // 执行get请求.                  CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);                try {                    // 获取响应实体                      HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------");                    // 打印响应状态                      System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());                    if (entity != null) {                        // 打印响应内容长度                          System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());                        // 打印响应内容                          System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));                    }                    System.out.println("------------------------------------");                } finally {                    response.close();                }            } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (ParseException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } finally {                // 关闭连接,释放资源                  try {                    httpclient.close();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }            /**      * 上传文件      */        public void upload() {            CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();            try {                HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");                    FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));                StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);                    HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();                    httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);                    System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());                CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);                try {                    System.out.println("----------------------------------------");                    System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());                    HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();                    if (resEntity != null) {                        System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());                    }                    EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);                } finally {                    response.close();                }            } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } finally {                try {                    httpclient.close();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            }        }    }  


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