Fail2ban工具

一、fail2ban简介

fail2ban可以监视你的系统日志，然后匹配日志的错误信息（正则式匹配）执行相应的屏蔽动作（一般情况下是防火墙），而且可以发送e-mail通知系统管理员，是不是很好、很实用、很强大！

二、简单来介绍一下fail2ban的功能和特性

1、支持大量服务。如sshd,apache,qmail,proftpd,sasl等等
2、支持多种动作。如iptables,tcp-wrapper,shorewall(iptables第三方工具),mail notifications(邮件通知)等等。
3、在logpath选项中支持通配符
4、需要Gamin支持(注：Gamin是用于监视文件和目录是否更改的服务工具)
5、需要安装python,iptables,tcp-wrapper,shorewall,Gamin。如果想要发邮件，那必需安装postfix/sendmail

三、fail2ban安装与配置操作实例

1:安装epel更新源：http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL/zh-cn

复制代码代码如下:

# yum install shorewall gamin-pythonshorewall-shell shorewall-perl shorewall-common python-inotify python-ctypesfail2ban

or

复制代码代码如下:

# yum install gamin-python python-inotifypython-ctypes
# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/fail2ban-0.8.11-2.el6.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh fail2ban-0.8.11-2.el6.noarch.rpm

or

复制代码代码如下:

# yum install gamin-python python-inotifypython-ctypes
# wget http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/fedora/epel//5/i386/fail2ban-0.8.4-29.el5.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh fail2ban-0.8.4-29.el5.noarch.rpm

2:源码包安装

复制代码代码如下:

# wget https://codeload.github.com/fail2ban/fail2ban/tar.gz/0.9.0
# tar -xzvf fail2ban-0.9.0.tar.gz
# cd
# ./setup.py
# cp files/solaris-svc-fail2ban /lib/svc/method/svc-fail2ban
# chmod +x /lib/svc/method/svc-fail2ban

安装路径

复制代码代码如下:

/etc/fail2ban
action.d filter.d fail2ban.conf jail.conf

我们主要编辑jail.conf这个配置文件，其他的不要去管它.

复制代码代码如下:

# vi /etc/fail2ban.conf

SSH防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

 

四、配置

    默认fail2ban.conf里面就三个参数，而且都有注释。

    #默认日志的级别

    loglevel = 3

    #日志的目的

    logtarget =/var/log/fail2ban.log

    #socket的位置

    socket = /tmp/fail2ban.sock

    jail.conf配置里是fail2ban所保护的具体服务的配置，这里以SSH来讲。

    在jail.conf里有一个[DEFAULT]段，在这个段下的参数是全局参数，可以被其它段所覆盖。

    #忽略IP,在这个清单里的IP不会被屏蔽

    ignoreip = 127.0.0.1172.13.14.15

    #屏蔽时间

    bantime = 600

    #发现时间，在此期间内重试超过规定次数，会激活fail2ban

    findtime = 600

    #尝试次数

    maxretry = 3

    #日志修改检测机制

    backend = auto

    [ssh-iptables]

    #激活

    enabled = true

    #filter的名字，在filter.d目录下

    filter = sshd

    #所采用的工作，按照名字可在action.d目录下找到

    action = iptables[name=SSH,port=ssh, protocol=tcp]

    mail-whois[name=SSH,dest=root]

    #目的分析日志

    logpath = /var/log/secure

    #覆盖全局重试次数

    maxretry = 5

    #覆盖全局屏蔽时间

    bantime = 3600

 

[ssh-iptables]

enabled  = true
filter   = sshd
action   = iptables[name=SSH, port=ssh, protocol=tcp]
          sendmail-whois[name=SSH, dest=root, sender=[e-mail],sendername="Fail2Ban"]
logpath  = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 5

[ssh-ddos]
enabled = true
filter  = sshd-ddos
action  = iptables[name=ssh-ddos, port=ssh,sftp protocol=tcp,udp]
logpath  = /var/log/messages
maxretry = 2

[osx-ssh-ipfw]

enabled  = true
filter   = sshd
action   = osx-ipfw
logpath  = /var/log/secure.log
maxretry = 5

[ssh-apf]

enabled = true
filter  = sshd
action  = apf[name=SSH]
logpath = /var/log/secure
maxretry = 5

[osx-ssh-afctl]

enabled  = true
filter   = sshd
action   = osx-afctl[bantime=600]
logpath  = /var/log/secure.log
maxretry = 5

[selinux-ssh]
enabled = true
filter  = selinux-ssh
action  = iptables[name=SELINUX-SSH, port=ssh, protocol=tcp]
logpath  = /var/log/audit/audit.log
maxretry = 5

proftp防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[proftpd-iptables]

enabled  = true
filter   = proftpd
action   = iptables[name=ProFTPD, port=ftp, protocol=tcp]
          sendmail-whois[name=ProFTPD, dest=[e-mail]]
logpath  = /var/log/proftpd/proftpd.log
maxretry = 6

邮件防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[sasl-iptables]

enabled  = true
filter   = postfix-sasl
backend  = polling
action   = iptables[name=sasl, port=smtp, protocol=tcp]
          sendmail-whois[name=sasl, dest=[e-mail]]
logpath  = /var/log/mail.log

[dovecot]

enabled = true
filter  = dovecot
action  = iptables-multiport[name=dovecot,port="pop3,pop3s,imap,imaps,submission,smtps,sieve", protocol=tcp]
logpath = /var/log/mail.log

[dovecot-auth]

enabled = true
filter  = dovecot
action  = iptables-multiport[name=dovecot-auth,port="pop3,pop3s,imap,imaps,submission,smtps,sieve", protocol=tcp]
logpath = /var/log/secure

[perdition]

enabled = true
filter  = perdition
action  =iptables-multiport[name=perdition,port="110,143,993,995"]
logpath = /var/log/maillog

[uwimap-auth]

enabled = true
filter  = uwimap-auth
action  =iptables-multiport[name=uwimap-auth,port="110,143,993,995"]
logpath = /var/log/maillog

apache防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[apache-tcpwrapper]

enabled  = true
filter  = apache-auth
action   = hostsdeny
logpath  = /var/log/httpd/error_log
maxretry = 6

[apache-badbots]

enabled  = true
filter   = apache-badbots
action   = iptables-multiport[name=BadBots,port="http,https"]
          sendmail-buffered[name=BadBots, lines=5, dest=[e-mail]]
logpath  = /var/log/httpd/access_log
bantime  = 172800
maxretry = 1

[apache-shorewall]

enabled  = true
filter   = apache-noscript
action   = shorewall
          sendmail[name=Postfix, dest=[e-mail]]
logpath  = /var/log/httpd/error_log

nginx防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[nginx-http-auth]

enabled = true
filter  = nginx-http-auth
action  = iptables-multiport[name=nginx-http-auth,port="80,443"]
logpath = /var/log/nginx/error.log

lighttpd防规击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[suhosin]

enabled  = true
filter   = suhosin
action   = iptables-multiport[name=suhosin,port="http,https"]
# adapt the following two items as needed
logpath  = /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
maxretry = 2

[lighttpd-auth]

enabled  = true
filter   = lighttpd-auth
action   = iptables-multiport[name=lighttpd-auth, port="http,https"]
# adapt the following two items as needed
logpath  = /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
maxretry = 2

vsftpd防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[vsftpd-notification]

enabled  = true
filter   = vsftpd
action   = sendmail-whois[name=VSFTPD, dest=[e-mail]]
logpath  = /var/log/vsftpd.log
maxretry = 5
bantime  = 1800

[vsftpd-iptables]

enabled  = true
filter   = vsftpd
action   = iptables[name=VSFTPD, port=ftp, protocol=tcp]
          sendmail-whois[name=VSFTPD, dest=[e-mail]]
logpath  = /var/log/vsftpd.log
maxretry = 5
bantime  = 1800

pure-ftpd防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[pure-ftpd]
enabled  = true
filter   = pure-ftpd
action   = iptables[name=pure-ftpd, port=ftp, protocol=tcp]
logpath  = /var/log/pureftpd.log
maxretry = 2
bantime  = 86400

mysql防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[mysqld-iptables]

enabled  = true
filter   = mysqld-auth
action   = iptables[name=mysql, port=3306, protocol=tcp]
          sendmail-whois[name=MySQL, dest=root, sender=[e-mail]]
logpath  = /var/log/mysqld.log
maxretry = 5

apache phpmyadmin防攻击规则

复制代码代码如下:

[apache-phpmyadmin]
enabled  = true
filter   = apache-phpmyadmin
action  = iptables[name=phpmyadmin, port=http,https protocol=tcp]
logpath  = /var/log/httpd/error_log
maxretry = 3
# /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/apache-phpmyadmin.conf
将以下内容粘贴到apache-phpmyadmin.conf里保存即可以创建一个apache-phpmyadmin.conf文件.

# Fail2Ban configuration file
#
# Bans bots scanning for non-existing phpMyAdmin installations on your webhost.
#
# Author: Gina Haeussge
#

[Definition]

docroot = /var/www
badadmin = PMA|phpmyadmin|myadmin|mysql|mysqladmin|sqladmin|mypma|admin|xampp|mysqldb|mydb|db|pmadb|phpmyadmin1|phpmyadmin2

# Option:  failregex
# Notes.:  Regexp to match often probed and not available phpmyadminpaths.
# Values:  TEXT
#
failregex = [[]client []] File does not exist: %(docroot)s/(?:%(badadmin)s)

# Option:  ignoreregex
# Notes.:  regex to ignore. If this regex matches, the line is ignored.
# Values:  TEXT
#
ignoreregex =
# service fail2ban restart