Linux下使用github教程

来源：互联网发布：自制相册软件下载编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/22 12:53

1. Git是什么？

Git是一个分布式版本控制／软件配置管理软件，原是Linux内核开发者Linus Torvalds为更好地管理Linux内核开发而设计。

相比CVS/SVN，Git 的优势：
－支持离线开发，离线Repository
－强大的分支功能，适合多个独立开发者协作
－速度块

2.GITHUB是什么？

GitHub 是一个共享虚拟主机服务，用于存放使用Git版本控制的软件代码和内容项目。

3.Linux虚拟机上使用git和github

3.1 注册github账号

此步骤比较简单，无需赘述。

3.2 虚拟机安装git客户端

我使用的是CentOS虚拟机，安装命令如下：

[cpp] view plain copy print?

yum install git git-gui

yum install git git-gui

3.3 生成秘钥对，这样项目可以push到github上

[cpp] view plain copy print?

[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C “*****@**.com”
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
63:68:68:ad:23:0f:8f:85:4a:cc:67:60:47:9e:7a:fa 15895214140@126.com
The key’s randomart image is:
+–[ RSA 2048]—-+
| |
| |
| . |
| o .o . |
| o +o + S |
|+ +o o . . |
| =+++ |
|..=B . |
|..oEo |
+—————–+
[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]#

[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "*****@**.com"Generating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):  Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:63:68:68:ad:23:0f:8f:85:4a:cc:67:60:47:9e:7a:fa 15895214140@126.comThe key's randomart image is:+--[ RSA 2048]----+|                 ||                 ||   .             ||  o .o .         || o +o + S        ||+ +o o . .       || =+++            ||..=B .           ||..oEo            |+-----------------+[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]#

3.4 将.ssh/id_rsa.oub拷贝到GitHub

3.5 测试是否能连接到GitHub

[cpp] view plain copy print?

[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]# ssh git@github.com
The authenticity of host ’github.com (192.30.252.131)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ’github.com,192.30.252.131’ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key ‘/root/.ssh/id_rsa’:
Permission denied (publickey).
[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]#

[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]# ssh git@github.comThe authenticity of host 'github.com (192.30.252.131)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added 'github.com,192.30.252.131' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa': Permission denied (publickey).[root@CentOS tuzhutuzhu]#

3.6 设置Git全局用户配置

[cpp] view plain copy print?

# git config –global user.name “Firstname Lastname”
# git config –global user.email “your_email@youremail.com”
此处用户名为自己的实际姓名(自定义的)，而非登录用户名

# git config --global user.name "Firstname Lastname"

# git config --global user.email "your_email@youremail.com"此处用户名为自己的实际姓名(自定义的)，而非登录用户名3.7 Git创建一个库(Create a Repository)

创建完成：

3.8 创建本地新项目仓库，此步骤可按照上图GitHub中仓库创建完成后网页上的提示执行

[cpp] view plain copy print?

# mkdir new-project(*1)
# cd new-project
# git init
# touch README
# git add README
# git commit -m ‘first commit’
定义远程服务器别名origin
# git remote add origin git@github.com:***/new-project.git(*2)
本地和远程合并，本地默认分支为master
# git push origin master

# mkdir new-project(*1)

# cd new-project# git init# touch README# git add README# git commit -m 'first commit'定义远程服务器别名origin# git remote add origin git@github.com:***/new-project.git(*2) 本地和远程合并，本地默认分支为master# git push origin master (*1) 此处的仓库名必须与3.7中在GitHub中创建的仓库名相同
(*2) 此处***就是GitHub的用户名

在执行push操作时，可能会出现如下错误：

[cpp] view plain copy print?

[root@CentOS vmware]# git push -u origin master
error: The requested URL returned error: 403 while accessing https://github.com/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git/info/refs
fatal: HTTP request failed

[root@CentOS vmware]# git push -u origin mastererror: The requested URL returned error: 403 while accessing https://github.com/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git/info/refsfatal: HTTP request failed

这是因为GitHub好像只支持ssh的方式访问仓库。解决方法如下：

[cpp] view plain copy print?

1).vim .git/config
2).将[remote ”origin”]部分的url按照如下格式设置：
url = ssh://git@github.com/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

1).vim .git/config2).将[remote "origin"]部分的url按照如下格式设置：        url = ssh://git@github.com/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git        fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

再次执行push操作，结果如下：

[root@CentOS vmware]# git push -u origin master

[cpp] view plain copy print?

Enter passphrase for key ‘/root/.ssh/id_rsa’:
Counting objects: 7, done.
Delta compression using up to 2 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (7/7), 548 bytes, done.
Total 7 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To ssh://git@github.com/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git
* [new branch] master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.
[root@CentOS vmware]#

Enter passphrase for key '/root/.ssh/id_rsa': Counting objects: 7, done.Delta compression using up to 2 threads.Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.Writing objects: 100% (7/7), 548 bytes, done.Total 7 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)To ssh://git@github.com/tuzhutuzhu/vmware.git * [new branch]      master -> masterBranch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.[root@CentOS vmware]#

这样，就将文件上传到GitHub上了。

还有另外一种解决方法，将url做如下变更：

原：url = https:github.com/tuzhutuzhu/helloworld.git

现：url = https://tuzhutuzhu@github.com/tuzhutuzhu/helloworld.git

有关git的详细操作，可以参考如下：

http://download.csdn.net/detail/tuzhutuzhu/6966853

阅读全文

0 0