安装Grub到U盘

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U盘启动器：
目的：安装grub到u盘，用u盘来维护系统
条件：1、电脑设为从USB设备启动。
    2、要有一个Linux系统来安装Grub.
    3、当然这个U盘要为此次行动做出牺牲。（呵呵，赶紧将重要资料转移吧~~)
实施步骤：
1、插入U盘，fdisk查看是否检测到U盘。
      [star@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk -l

      Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0xd10cd10c

      DeviceBoot     Start        End     Blocks   Id System
      /dev/sda1  *          1       5540   44500018+   c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
      /dev/sda2           5541      30401  199695982+   f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
      /dev/sda3          22465      29878   59552955   c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
      /dev/sda5           5541      13285   62211681   7 HPFS/NTFS
      /dev/sda6  *      13286      22464   73730286   83 Linux
      /dev/sda7          29879      30401    4200966   82 Linux swap / Solaris

      Disk /dev/sdb: 4022 MB, 4022337024 bytes
      255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 489 cylinders
      Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
      Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
      Disk identifier: 0x000f4b77

      DeviceBoot     Start        End     Blocks   Id System
      /dev/sdb1             1        490    3928032   b W95 FAT32
      Partition 1 has different physical/logical endings:
      phys=(488, 254, 63) logical=(489, 5, 27)

2、先给u盘分区，分区方案自己照自己情况，这里以/dev/sdb1上安装grub为例。
       [star@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdb

       Command (m for help): d
       Selected partition 1

       Command (m for help): n
   Commandaction
     e   extended
     p   primary partition (1-4)
   p
   Partitionnumber (1-4): 1
   Firstcylinder (1-489, default 1):
   Usingdefault value 1
   Lastcylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-489, default 489):+500M

   Command (mfor help): n
   Commandaction
     e   extended
     p   primary partition (1-4)
   p
   Partitionnumber (1-4): 2
   Firstcylinder (66-489, default 66):
   Usingdefault value 66
   Lastcylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (66-489, default 489):
   Usingdefault value 489

   Command (mfor help): p

   Disk/dev/sdb: 4022 MB, 4022337024 bytes
   255 heads,63 sectors/track, 489 cylinders
   Units =cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Diskidentifier: 0x000f4b77

      DeviceBoot     Start        End     Blocks   Id System
   /dev/sdb1              1         65     522081   83 Linux
   /dev/sdb2             66        489    3405780   83 Linux

   Command (mfor help):a                         （这一步很重要，就是要激活该分区）
   Partitionnumber (1-4): 1

   Command (mfor help): w
   Thepartition table has beenaltered!

   Callingioctl() to re-read partition table.
   Syncingdisks.

3、格式化，即创建文件系统,我这里以ext3为例：
   [star@localhost ~]$ sudo mkfs -t ext3/dev/sdb1
   mke2fs1.41.10 (10-Feb-2009)
   Filesystemlabel=
   OS type:Linux
   Blocksize=1024 (log=0)
   Fragmentsize=1024 (log=0)
   Stride=0blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
   130560inodes, 522080 blocks
   26104 blocks(5.00%) reserved for the super user
   First datablock=1
   Maximumfilesystem blocks=67633152
   64 blockgroups
   8192 blocksper group, 8192 fragments per group
   2040 inodesper group
   Superblockbackups stored on blocks:
      8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185,401409

   Writinginode tables:done
   Creatingjournal (8192 blocks): done
   Writingsuperblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

   Thisfilesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
   180 days,whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i tooverride.

4、挂载系统：
   [star@localhost ~]$ sudo mkdir /media/test
   [star@localhost ~]$ sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1/media/test/

5、安装Grub到U盘上：
   [star@localhost ~]$ sudo grub-install--root-directory=/media/test/ /dev/sdb
   Probingdevices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
   Installationfinished. No error reported.
   This is thecontents of the device map /media/test//boot/grub/device.map.
   Check ifthis is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
   fix it andre-run the script `grub-install'.

   (fd0)   /dev/fd0
   (hd0)   /dev/sda
   (hd1)   /dev/sdb

6、复制当前系统的menu.lst到u盘grub下：
   [star@localhost ~]$ sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst/media/test/boot/grub/
7、根据实际情况修改menu.lst。
8、安装grub到MBR：
   [star@localhost ~]$ sudo grub

      GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640Klower / 3072K upper memory)

   [ MinimalBASH-like line editing is supported. For thefirst word, TAB
      listspossible command completions. Anywhere else TABlists the possible
      completionsof a device/filename. ]

   grub> find /boot/grub/stage1
   (hd0,5)
   (hd1,0)

   grub> root (hd1,0)
   Filesystemtype is ext2fs, partition type 0x83

   grub> setup (hd1)
   Checking if"/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
   Checking if"/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
   Checking if"/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
     Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5(hd1)"... 19 sectors are embedded.
   succeeded
     Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd1)(hd1)1+19 p (hd1,0)/boot/grub/stage2
      /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
   Done.

   grub> quit
9、卸载就OK了，即完成了。以后就可以使用这个U盘来引导或修复系统了。

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