ELK 日志分析系统(转)

来源:互联网 发布:adobe flash mac 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/19 11:44

转自:http://467754239.blog.51cto.com/4878013/1700828

大纲:
一、简介

二、Logstash

三、Redis

四、Elasticsearch

五、Kinaba


一、简介

1、核心组成

ELK由Elasticsearch、Logstash和Kibana三部分组件组成:

    Elasticsearch是个开源分布式搜索引擎,它的特点有:分布式,零配置,自动发现,索引自动分片,索引副本机制,restful风格接口,多数据源,自动搜索负载等。

    Logstash是一个完全开源的工具,它可以对你的日志进行收集、分析,并将其存储供以后使用

    kibana 是一个开源和免费的工具,它可以为 Logstash 和 ElasticSearch 提供的日志分析友好的 Web 界面,可以帮助您汇总、分析和搜索重要数据日志。

2、四大组件

    Logstash: logstash server端用来搜集日志;

    Elasticsearch: 存储各类日志;

    Kibana: web化接口用作查寻和可视化日志;

    Logstash Forwarder: logstash client端用来通过lumberjack 网络协议发送日志到logstash server。

3、ELK工作流程

        在需要收集日志的所有服务上部署logstash,作为logstash agent(logstash shipper)用于监控并过滤收集日志,将过滤后的内容发送到Redis,然后logstash indexer

将日志收集在一起交给全文搜索服务ElasticSearch,可以用ElasticSearch进行自定义搜索通过Kibana 来结合自定义搜索进行页面展示。

    

4、ELK的帮助手册

ELK官网:https://www.elastic.co/

ELK官网文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/index.html

ELK中文手册:http://kibana.logstash.es/content/elasticsearch/monitor/logging.html


注释:ELK有两种安装方式

(1)集成环境:Logstash有一个集成包,里面包括了其全套的三个组件;也就是安装一个集成包。

(2)独立环境:三个组件分别单独安装、运行、各司其职。(比较常用)

    本实验也以第二种方式独立环境来进行演示;单机版主机地址为:192.168.1.104


二、Logstash

1、安装jdk 

Logstash的运行依赖于Java运行环境。

# yum -y install java-1.8.0# java -versionopenjdk version "1.8.0_51"OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_51-b16)OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.51-b03, mixed mode)
2、安装logstash 
# wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash/logstash/logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz# tar zxf logstash-1.5.4.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
配置logstash的环境变量

# echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/logstash-1.5.4/bin" > /etc/profile.d/logstash.sh# . /etc/profile

3、logstash常用参数 

-e :指定logstash的配置信息,可以用于快速测试;

-f :指定logstash的配置文件;可以用于生产环境;

4、启动logstash

    4.1 通过-e参数指定logstash的配置信息,用于快速测试,直接输出到屏幕。 

# logstash -e "input {stdin{}} output {stdout{}}"            my name is zhengyansheng.    //手动输入后回车,等待10秒后会有返回结果Logstash startup completed2015-10-08T13:55:50.660Z 0.0.0.0 my name is zhengyansheng.
这种输出是直接原封不动的返回...

    4.2 通过-e参数指定logstash的配置信息,用于快速测试,以json格式输出到屏幕。 

# logstash -e 'input{stdin{}}output{stdout{codec=>rubydebug}}'my name is zhengyansheng.    //手动输入后回车,等待10秒后会有返回结果Logstash startup completed{       "message" => "my name is zhengyansheng.",      "@version" => "1",    "@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T13:57:31.851Z",          "host" => "0.0.0.0"}

这种输出是以json格式的返回...

5、logstash以配置文件方式启动

    5.1 输出信息到屏幕 

# vim logstash-simple.conf input { stdin {} }output {   stdout { codec=> rubydebug }} # logstash -f logstash-simple.conf    //普通方式启动Logstash startup completed # logstash agent -f logstash-simple.conf --verbose //开启debug模式Pipeline started {:level=>:info}Logstash startup completedhello world.    //手动输入hello world.{       "message" => "hello world.",      "@version" => "1",    "@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:01:43.724Z",          "host" => "0.0.0.0"}

效果同命令行配置参数一样...

    5.2  logstash输出信息存储到redis数据库中

     刚才我们是将信息直接显示在屏幕上了,现在我们将logstash的输出信息保存到redis数据库中,如下 

前提是本地(192.168.1.104)有redis数据库,那么下一步我们就是安装redis数据库.

# cat logstash_to_redis.confinput { stdin { } }output {    stdout { codec => rubydebug }    redis {        host => '192.168.1.104'        data_type => 'list'        key => 'logstash:redis'    }}
如果提示Failed to send event to Redis,表示连接Redis失败或者没有安装,请检查...

6、 查看logstash的监听端口号 

# logstash agent -f logstash_to_redis.conf --verbose# netstat -tnlp |grep javatcp        0      0 :::9301                     :::*                        LISTEN      1326/java


三、Redis

1、安装Redis

wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.19.tar.gzyum install tcl -ytar zxf redis-2.8.19.tar.gzcd redis-2.8.19make MALLOC=libcmake test    //这一步时间会稍久点...make install cd utils/./install_server.sh     //脚本执行后,所有选项都以默认参数为准即可Welcome to the redis service installerThis script will help you easily set up a running redis server Please select the redis port for this instance: [6379] Selecting default: 6379Please select the redis config file name [/etc/redis/6379.conf] Selected default - /etc/redis/6379.confPlease select the redis log file name [/var/log/redis_6379.log] Selected default - /var/log/redis_6379.logPlease select the data directory for this instance [/var/lib/redis/6379] Selected default - /var/lib/redis/6379Please select the redis executable path [/usr/local/bin/redis-server] Selected config:Port           : 6379Config file    : /etc/redis/6379.confLog file       : /var/log/redis_6379.logData dir       : /var/lib/redis/6379Executable     : /usr/local/bin/redis-serverCli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cliIs this ok? Then press ENTER to go on or Ctrl-C to abort.Copied /tmp/6379.conf => /etc/init.d/redis_6379Installing service...Successfully added to chkconfig!Successfully added to runlevels 345!Starting Redis server...Installation successful!
2、查看redis的监控端口

# netstat -tnlp |grep redistcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6379                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3843/redis-server * tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:21365             0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2290/src/redis-serv tcp        0      0 :::6379                     :::*                        LISTEN      3843/redis-server * 

3、测试redis是否正常工作

 # cd redis-2.8.19/src/# ./redis-cli -h 192.168.1.104 -p 6379 //连接redis192.168.1.104:6379> pingPONG192.168.1.104:6379> set name zhengyanshengOK192.168.1.104:6379> get name"zhengyansheng"192.168.1.104:6379> quit
4、redis服务启动命令 

# ps -ef |grep redisroot      3963     1  0 08:42 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/redis-server *:6379

5、redis的动态监控 

# cd redis-2.8.19/src/# ./redis-cli monitor     //reids动态监控

6、logstash结合redis工作

    6.1 首先确认redis服务是启动的

# netstat -tnlp |grep redistcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6379                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3843/redis-server * tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:21365             0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      2290/src/redis-serv tcp        0      0 :::6379                     :::*                        LISTEN      3843/redis-server *
    6.2 启动redis动态监控 

# cd redis-2.8.19/src/# ./redis-cli monitorOK
    6.3 基于入口redis启动logstash 

# cat logstash_to_redis.confinput { stdin { } }output {    stdout { codec => rubydebug }    redis {        host => '192.168.1.104'        data_type => 'list'        key => 'logstash:redis'    }}# logstash agent -f logstash_to_redis.conf --verbosePipeline started {:level=>:info}Logstash startup completeddajihao linux{       "message" => "dajihao linux",      "@version" => "1",    "@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:42:07.550Z",          "host" => "0.0.0.0"}

    6.4 查看redis的监控接口上的输出 

# ./redis-cli monitorOK1444315328.103928 [0 192.168.1.104:56211] "rpush" "logstash:redis" "{\"message\":\"dajihao linux\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2015-10-08T14:42:07.550Z\",\"host\":\"0.0.0.0\"}"
 
如果redis的监控上也有以上信息输出,表明logstash和redis的结合是正常的。

四、Elasticsearch

1、安装Elasticsearch 

# wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz# tar zxf elasticsearch-1.7.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

2、修改elasticsearch配置文件elasticsearch.yml并且做以下修改.

# vim /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/config/elasticsearch.ymldiscovery.zen.ping.multicast.enabled: false        #关闭广播,如果局域网有机器开9300 端口,服务会启动不了network.host: 192.168.1.104    #指定主机地址,其实是可选的,但是最好指定因为后面跟kibana集成的时候会报http连接出错(直观体现好像是监听了:::9200 而不是0.0.0.0:9200)http.cors.allow-origin: "/.*/"http.cors.enabled: true        #这2项都是解决跟kibana集成的问题,错误体现是 你的 elasticsearch 版本过低,其实不是

3、启动elasticsearch服务 

# /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch     #日志会输出到stdout# /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch -d #表示以daemon的方式启动# nohup /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/elasticsearch > /var/log/logstash.log 2>&1 &

4、查看elasticsearch的监听端口

# netstat -tnlp |grep javatcp        0      0 :::9200                     :::*                        LISTEN      7407/java           tcp        0      0 :::9300                     :::*                        LISTEN      7407/java

5、elasticsearch和logstash结合 

将logstash的信息输出到elasticsearch中# cat logstash-elasticsearch.conf input { stdin {} }output {    elasticsearch { host => "192.168.1.104" }        stdout { codec=> rubydebug }}

6、基于配置文件启动logstash 

# /usr/local/logstash-1.5.4/bin/logstash agent -f logstash-elasticsearch.confPipeline started {:level=>:info}Logstash startup completedpython linux java c++    //手动输入{       "message" => "python linux java c++",      "@version" => "1",    "@timestamp" => "2015-10-08T14:51:56.899Z",          "host" => "0.0.0.0"}

7、curl命令发送请求来查看elasticsearch是否接收到了数据 

# curl http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty{  "took" : 28,  "timed_out" : false,  "_shards" : {    "total" : 5,    "successful" : 5,    "failed" : 0  },  "hits" : {    "total" : 1,    "max_score" : 1.0,    "hits" : [ {      "_index" : "logstash-2015.10.08",      "_type" : "logs",      "_id" : "AVBH7-6MOwimSJSPcXjb",      "_score" : 1.0,      "_source":{"message":"python linux java c++","@version":"1","@timestamp":"2015-10-08T14:51:56.899Z","host":"0.0.0.0"}    } ]  }}
8、安装elasticsearch插件 

#Elasticsearch-kopf插件可以查询Elasticsearch中的数据,安装elasticsearch-kopf,只要在你安装Elasticsearch的目录中执行以下命令即可:# cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/bin/# ./plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf-> Installing lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf...Trying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip...Downloading .............................................................................................Installed lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf into /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/plugins/kopf
执行插件安装后会提示失败,很有可能是网络等情况...

-> Installing lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf...Trying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip...Failed to install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf, reason: failed to download out of all possible locations..., use --verbose to get detailed information
解决办法就是手动下载该软件,不通过插件安装命令...

cd /usr/local/elasticsearch-1.7.2/pluginswget https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zipunzip master.zipmv elasticsearch-kopf-master kopf

以上操作就完全等价于插件的安装命令

9、浏览器访问kopf页面访问elasticsearch保存的数据

# netstat -tnlp |grep javatcp        0      0 :::9200                     :::*                        LISTEN      7969/java           tcp        0      0 :::9300                     :::*                        LISTEN      7969/java           tcp        0      0 :::9301                     :::*                        LISTEN      8015/java

 

10、从redis数据库中读取然后输出到elasticsearch中 

# cat logstash-redis.confinput {    redis {        host => '192.168.1.104'  # 我方便测试没有指定password,最好指定password        data_type => 'list'        port => "6379"        key => 'logstash:redis' #自定义        type => 'redis-input'   #自定义    }}output {    elasticsearch {        host => "192.168.1.104"        codec => "json"        protocol => "http"  #版本1.0+ 必须指定协议http    }}

五、Kinaba

1、安装Kinaba 

# wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz# tar zxf kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

2、修改kinaba配置文件kinaba.yml 

# vim /usr/local/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64/config/kibana.ymlelasticsearch_url: "http://192.168.1.104:9200"

3、启动kinaba

/usr/local/kibana-4.1.2-linux-x64/bin/kibana 输出以下信息,表明kinaba成功.{"name":"Kibana","hostname":"localhost.localdomain","pid":1943,"level":30,"msg":"No existing kibana index found","time":"2015-10-08T00:39:21.617Z","v":0}{"name":"Kibana","hostname":"localhost.localdomain","pid":1943,"level":30,"msg":"Listening on 0.0.0.0:5601","time":"2015-10-08T00:39:21.637Z","v":0}kinaba默认监听在本地的5601端口上
4、浏览器访问kinaba

    4.1 使用默认的logstash-*的索引名称,并且是基于时间的,点击“Create”即可。


    4.2 看到如下界面说明索引创建完成。



    4.3 点击“Discover”,可以搜索和浏览Elasticsearch中的数据。


>>>结束<<< 

1、ELK默认端口号
elasticsearch:9200 9300
logstash     : 9301
kinaba       : 5601
 
2、错误汇总

(1)java版本过低

[2015-10-07 18:39:18.071]  WARN -- Concurrent: [DEPRECATED] Java 7 is deprecated, please use Java 8.
 
(2)Kibana提示Elasticsearch版本过低...

This version of Kibana requires Elasticsearch 2.0.0 or higher on all nodes. I found the following incompatible nodes in your cluster: 
Elasticsearch v1.7.2 @ inet[/192.168.1.104:9200] (127.0.0.1)

解决办法:

软件包以打包上传:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hqfeFvY

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