基于Retrofit、OkHttp、Gson封装通用网络框架

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背景

android开发过程中网络请求作为最重要的组成部分之一,然而对于大部分android开发者在网络请求上有太多疑惑,不知道如何去选型?通过原生的HttpClient、HttpUrlConnection封装?还是通过第三方框架再封装?笔者以为采用广泛被使用的第三方网络框架再封装为上策,因为这些网络框架如retrofit、okhttp、volley等是被全球android开发者维护着,无论在功能上、性能上、还是代码简洁性都相对于自己通过原生实现的给力.

目的

致力封装一个简洁、实用、易移植的网络框架模块.

正题

今天笔者就给大家基于retrofit + okhttp + gson 封装一个通用易懂的网络框架模块.
首先我们需要在gradle文件中将第三方依赖引入项目,代码如下:

dependencies {    // retrofit + okhttp + gson    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.1.0'    compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1'    compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.7'    compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0'}

接着开始我们的封装之路......

首先我们需要写一个参数常量类,用于定义一些常量,如请求Url地址、接口返回信息,代码如下:

/** * @className: InterfaceParameters * @classDescription: 参数配置 * @author: leibing * @createTime: 2016/8/30 */public class InterfaceParameters {    // 请求URL    public final static String REQUEST_HTTP_URL = BuildConfig.API_URL;    // 接口返回结果名称    public final static String INFO = "info";    // 接口返回错误码    public final static String ERROR_CODE = "errorcode";    // 接口返回错误信息    public final static String ERROR_MSG = "errormsg";}

然后写一个网络请求封装类JkApiRequest.class,采用单例的方式,配置网络请求参数以及返回网络请求api实例,代码如下:

/** * @className:JkApiRequest * @classDescription:网络请求 * @author: leibing * @createTime: 2016/8/30 */public class JkApiRequest {    // sington    private static JkApiRequest instance;    // Retrofit object    private Retrofit retrofit;    /**     * Constructor     * @author leibing     * @createTime 2016/08/30     * @lastModify 2016/08/30     * @param     * @return     */    private JkApiRequest(){        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()                .addInterceptor(new OkHttpInterceptor())                .build();        retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()                .baseUrl(InterfaceParameters.REQUEST_HTTP_URL)                .addConverterFactory(JkApiConvertFactory.create())                .client(client)                .build();    }    /**     * sington     * @author leibing     * @createTime 2016/08/30     * @lastModify 2016/08/30     * @param     * @return     */    public static JkApiRequest getInstance(){        if (instance == null){            instance = new JkApiRequest();        }        return instance;    }    /**     * create api instance     * @author leibing     * @createTime 2016/08/30     * @lastModify 2016/08/30     * @param service api class     * @return     */    public <T> T create(Class<T> service) {        return retrofit.create(service);    }}

上面代码有两个网络请求参数需要注意, OkHttpInterceptor 、JkApiConvertFactory.
OkHttpInterceptor 作为网络请求拦截器,可以拦截请求的数据以及响应的数据,有助于我们排查问题,而JkApiConvertFactory 是作为Convert工厂,这里我所做的就是解析返回来的数据,将数据进行Gson处理就是在这里面.

OkHttpInterceptor代码如下:

/** * @className: OkHttpInterceptor * @classDescription: Http拦截器 * @author: leibing * @createTime: 2016/08/30 */public class OkHttpInterceptor implements Interceptor {    private static final Charset UTF8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");    @Override    public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {        Request request = chain.request();        // 获得Connection,内部有route、socket、handshake、protocol方法        Connection connection = chain.connection();        // 如果Connection为null,返回HTTP_1_1,否则返回connection.protocol()        Protocol protocol = connection != null ? connection.protocol() : Protocol.HTTP_1_1;        // 比如: --> POST http://121.40.227.8:8088/api http/1.1        String requestStartMessage = "--> " + request.method() + ' ' + request.url() + ' ' + protocol;        System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddd requestStartMessage = " + requestStartMessage);        // 打印 Response        Response response;        try {            response = chain.proceed(request);        } catch (Exception e) {            throw e;        }        ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();        long contentLength = responseBody.contentLength();        if (bodyEncoded(response.headers())) {        } else {            BufferedSource source = responseBody.source();            source.request(Long.MAX_VALUE); // Buffer the entire body.            Buffer buffer = source.buffer();            Charset charset = UTF8;            if (contentLength != 0) {                // 获取Response的body的字符串 并打印                System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddddddd response = " + buffer.clone().readString(charset));            }        }        return response;    }    private boolean bodyEncoded(Headers headers) {        String contentEncoding = headers.get("Content-Encoding");        return contentEncoding != null && !contentEncoding.equalsIgnoreCase("identity");    }}

JkApiConvertFactory代码如下:

/** * @className: JkApiConvertFactory * @classDescription: this converter decode the response. * @author: leibing * @createTime: 2016/8/30 */public class JkApiConvertFactory extends Converter.Factory{    public static JkApiConvertFactory create() {        return create(new Gson());    }    public static JkApiConvertFactory create(Gson gson) {        return new JkApiConvertFactory(gson);    }    private JkApiConvertFactory(Gson gson) {        if (gson == null) throw new NullPointerException("gson == null");    }    @Override    public Converter<ResponseBody, ?> responseBodyConverter(Type type, Annotation[] annotations, Retrofit retrofit) {        return new GsonResponseBodyConverter<>(type);    }    final class GsonResponseBodyConverter<T> implements Converter<ResponseBody, T> {        private final Type type;        GsonResponseBodyConverter(Type type) {            this.type = type;        }        @Override public T convert(ResponseBody value) throws IOException {            BaseResponse baseResponse;            String reString;            try {                reString = value.string();                // 解析Json数据返回TransData对象                TransData transData = TransUtil.getResponse(reString);                try {                    if (transData.getErrorcode().equals("0") &&  !TextUtils.isEmpty(transData.getInfo())) {                        baseResponse = new Gson().fromJson(transData.getInfo(), type);                        baseResponse.setSuccess(transData.getErrorcode().equals("0"));                        baseResponse.setInfo(transData.getInfo());                        baseResponse.setInfo(transData.getInfo());                    } else {                        baseResponse = (BaseResponse) StringUtil.getObject(((Class) type).getName());                        baseResponse.setSuccess(transData.getErrorcode().equals("0"));                        baseResponse.setInfo(transData.getInfo());                        baseResponse.setInfo(transData.getInfo());                    }                    return (T)baseResponse;                } catch (Exception e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }            } catch (Exception e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }            //从不返回一个空的Response.            baseResponse = (BaseResponse) StringUtil.getObject(((Class) type).getName());            try {                baseResponse.setSuccess(false);                //JkApiConvertFactory can not recognize the response!                baseResponse.setErrormsg("");            } catch (Exception e) {                e.printStackTrace();            } finally {                return (T)baseResponse;            }        }    }}

接着我们写api接口,我这里是将对应的接口封装到对应的类中,这样当前api类中接口名称可以统一起来,请求api的方法也写入当前api类,这样做既能解耦又能减少在使用处的冗余代码,代码如下:

/** * @className: ApiLogin * @classDescription: 登陆api * @author: leibing * @createTime: 2016/8/12 */public class ApiLogin {    // api    private ApiStore mApiStore;    /**     * Constructor     * @author leibing     * @createTime 2016/08/30     * @lastModify 2016/08/30     * @param     * @return     */    public ApiLogin() {        // 初始化api        mApiStore = JkApiRequest.getInstance().create(ApiStore.class);    }    /**     * 登录     * @author leibing     * @createTime 2016/08/30     * @lastModify 2016/08/30     * @param username 用户名     * @param password 密码     * @param callback 回调     * @return     */    public void Login(String username, String password, ApiCallback<LoginResponse> callback){        Call<LoginResponse> mCall =  mApiStore.login(URLEncoder.encode(username), password);        mCall.enqueue(new JkApiCallback<LoginResponse>(callback));    }    /**     * @interfaceName: ApiStore     * @interfaceDescription: 登录模块api接口     * @author: leibing     * @createTime: 2016/08/30     */    private interface ApiStore {        @GET("app/User/Login")        Call<LoginResponse> login(                @Query("username") String username,                @Query("userpass") String userpass);    }}

从上面代码我们看到ApiCallback和JkApiCallback两个回调接口,这两者区别在哪呢?观察仔细的童鞋会发现这个问题.ApiCallback接口是作为通用接口,而JkApiCallback是作为一个接口封装类,针对不同数据情景,做不同回调.

ApiCallback代码如下:

/** * @className: ApiCallback * @classDescription: Api回调 * @author: leibing * @createTime: 2016/08/30 */public interface ApiCallback<T> {    // 请求数据成功    void onSuccess(T response);    // 请求数据错误    void onError(String err_msg);    // 网络请求失败    void onFailure();}

JkApiCallback代码如下:

public class JkApiCallback<T> implements Callback <T>{    // 回调    private ApiCallback<T> mCallback;    /**     * Constructor     * @author leibing     * @createTime 2016/08/30     * @lastModify 2016/08/30     * @param mCallback 回调     * @return     */    public JkApiCallback(ApiCallback<T> mCallback){        this.mCallback = mCallback;    }    @Override    public void onResponse(Call<T> call, Response<T> response) {        if (mCallback == null){            throw new NullPointerException("mCallback == null");        }        if (response != null && response.body() != null){            if (((BaseResponse)response.body()).isSuccess()){                mCallback.onSuccess((T)response.body());            }else {                mCallback.onError(((BaseResponse) response.body()).getErrormsg());            }        }else {            mCallback.onFailure();        }    }    @Override    public void onFailure(Call<T> call, Throwable t) {        if (mCallback == null){            throw new NullPointerException("mCallback == null");        }        mCallback.onFailure();    }}

接下来我们写Response类,用于接收Gson解析回来的数据,这个只需写json数据信息里面的字段.代码如下:

/** * @className: LoginResponse * @classDescription: 获取登录返回的信息 * @author: leibing * @createTime: 2016/08/30 */public class LoginResponse extends BaseResponse implements Serializable{    // 序列化UID 用于反序列化    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4863726647304575308L;    // token    public String accesstoken;}

阅读仔细的童鞋会发现,在Convert工厂中Gson解析时,用到了一个BaseResponse,这个响应类是作为基类,就是服务端返回的固定json数据格式,因为每个项目返回的固定格式可能不一样,所以只需改这里,就能定制对应项目的网络框架.
BaseResponse代码如下:

/** * @className: BaseResponse * @classDescription: 网络请求返回对象公共抽象类 * @author: leibing * @createTime: 2016/08/30 */public class BaseResponse implements Serializable {    // 序列化UID 用于反序列化    private static final long serialVersionUID = 234513596098152098L;    // 是否成功    private boolean isSuccess;    // 数据    public String info;    // 错误消息    public String errormsg;    public boolean isSuccess() {        return isSuccess;    }    public void setSuccess(boolean success) {        isSuccess = success;    }    public String getInfo() {        return info;    }    public void setInfo(String info) {        this.info = info;    }    public String getErrormsg() {        return errormsg;    }    public void setErrormsg(String errormsg) {        this.errormsg = errormsg;    }}

一个简洁、实用、易移植的网络框架模块封装完毕.

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