java注解方式（不用xml）配置web框架spring+SpringMVC

来源：互联网发布：不能说的夏天知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/05 17:52

公司现在用了gradle构建工具
而且用java注解的方式配置项目，不再使用xml的方式，因为网上这方面教程比较少，所以在此记录一个基本的框架的搭建，包括测试类的写法！
框架：spring+springMVC+hibernate
构建工具：gradle
开发工具：eclipse
github地址：https://github.com/gyb123456/MyGradle
项目结构如下：这里写图片描述
我把项目源码放到我的github上了；

主要看下com.sys包就行了，我主要讲解这里的。看到和sys平级的三个java文件了没，这就是项目配置的3个java类。
先给3个参考链接
1、Spring实战5-基于Spring构建Web应用
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000004343063?_ea=575820
2、单元测试配置
http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/Unit-Testing-Complete-Integration-Testing-Begins
3、别人的配置
http://blog.csdn.net/csdn_xuexiaoqiang/article/details/71844535
4、写给java web一年左右工作经验的人
https://my.oschina.net/aaron74/blog/282304
我就是参考它们写的。

1、先说下DispatcherServletInit类继承自
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer，tomcat启动时会自动扫描继承该类的文件，所以这个文件是整个项目的程序入口，在这里配置根容器、Spring mvc容器，拦截请求等，具体的自己看代码注释吧。

/** *DispatcherServletInit类 * 整个项目的程序入口 * @author gyb * */package com;import javax.servlet.Filter;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter;import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter;import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer;public class DispatcherServletInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer{@Override //根容器，用于获取Spring应用容器的配置文件    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {        return new Class<?>[]{RootConfig.class};    }    @Override //Spring mvc容器，是根容器的子容器    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {        return new Class<?>[]{WebConfig.class};    }    @Override //"/"表示由DispatcherServlet处理所有向该应用发起的请求。    protected String[] getServletMappings() {        return new String[]{"/"};       }    @Override    protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {    //          OpenSessionInViewFilter  openSessionInViewFilter  = new OpenSessionInViewFilter ();            CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();              characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");              characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true);              return new Filter[] {characterEncodingFilter,characterEncodingFilter};  //      return super.getServletFilters();    }}

2、RootConfig类

package com;import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;import java.util.Properties;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan.Filter;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;import org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor;import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;import com.sys.biz.impl.ConstTypeBizImpl;@Configuration/*  @EnableAspectJAutoProxy:开启AOP代理自动配置    proxyTargetClass=true:表示使用CGLib动态代理技术织入增强，决定是基于接口的还是基于类的代理被创建。默认为false（JDK代理）    即<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/> */@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass=true) //解决实现接口后，spring不能创建类实例的问题@EnableScheduling //通过@EnableScheduling注解开启对计划任务的支持@ComponentScan(    basePackages={"com.sys,com.base"},    excludeFilters={//设置不扫描的文件，这里会排除springMVC扫描过的包        @Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION, value=EnableWebMvc.class)    })//启用注解事务管理，等同于xml配置方式的 <tx:annotation-driven />@EnableTransactionManagementpublic class RootConfig {    /**配置C3P0     * */    @Bean    public ComboPooledDataSource dataSource() throws PropertyVetoException{        ComboPooledDataSource cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource();        cpds.setDriverClass("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");        cpds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://10.1.30.207:3306/InfoIssue?characterEncoding=utf8");        cpds.setUser("root");        cpds.setPassword("root");        return cpds;    }    /**Hibernate SessionFactory     * */    @Bean    public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory(DataSource dataSource){        LocalSessionFactoryBean sf = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();        sf.setDataSource(dataSource);        sf.setPackagesToScan(new String[]{"com"});        Properties props = new Properties();        props.setProperty("dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect");        sf.setHibernateProperties(props);        return sf;    }    @Bean    public PlatformTransactionManager annotationDrivenTransactionManager(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {        HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();        transactionManager.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);        return transactionManager;    }    //这是一个Bean后置处理器，它会在所有拥有#Repository注解的类上添加一个通知器，这样就会捕获任何平台相关的异常并以Spring非检查型访问异常的形式重新抛出。    @Bean    public BeanPostProcessor persistenceTranslation(){        return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();    }}

3、WebConfig类

package com;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.http.MediaType;import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;import org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;@Configuration@EnableWebMvc   //启用Spring MVC组件@ComponentScan("com.sys.ctrl")  //配置扫描的ctrl层public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{    //配置JSP视图解析器    @Bean    public ViewResolver viewResolver(){        InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();        resolver.setPrefix("/JSP/");        resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");        //可以在JSP页面中通过${}访问beans        resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true);        return resolver;    }    //配置静态资源的处理    @Override    public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {        configurer.enable();//把针对静态资源的请求转交给servlert容器的default servlet处理    }    /**     * Jackson配置     * @return     */    @Bean    public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter() {        MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();        List<MediaType> supportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();//      MediaType mediaType1 = new MediaType("application\\json");//      MediaType mediaType2 = new MediaType("charset=UTF-8");//      supportedMediaTypes.add(mediaType1);//      supportedMediaTypes.add(mediaType2);        supportedMediaTypes = MediaType.parseMediaTypes("application/json; charset=utf-8");        converter.setSupportedMediaTypes(supportedMediaTypes );        return converter;    }    /*//如何在Spring MVC中统一对返回的Json进行加密？http://www.tuicool.com/articles/E3I3qyi     * @Bean    public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter() {        return new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter() {            //重写writeInternal方法，在返回内容前首先进行加密            @Override            protected void writeInternal(Object object,                                         HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException,                    HttpMessageNotWritableException {                //使用Jackson的ObjectMapper将Java对象转换成Json String                ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();                String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(object);                LOGGER.error(json);                //加密                String result = json + "加密了！";                LOGGER.error(result);                //输出                outputMessage.getBody().write(result.getBytes());            }        };    }*/    /**     * Jackson配置     * 添加自定义转换器     */    @Override    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {        converters.add(mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());        super.configureMessageConverters(converters);    }}

这些文件都是我遇到以后填好的坑，每个细节都得注意，一个注解都不能少。

下面是build.gradle文件的配置，包括插件或者jar的版本号都要对应，否则项目会报错，这也是我遇到坑以后，在百度上查到的并填的坑！

/* * This build file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task. * * user guide available at https://docs.gradle.org/3.3/userguide/tutorial_java_projects.html */apply plugin: 'java'apply plugin: 'war'apply plugin: 'com.bmuschko.tomcat'sourceCompatibility = 1.8version = '1.0'//解决编码GBK的不可映射字符[compileJava, compileTestJava]*.options*.encoding = 'UTF-8'repositories {    maven{ url "http://repo.spring.io/release"}    jcenter()}dependencies {    def tomcatVersion = '8.0.42'    tomcat "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:${tomcatVersion}",           "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-juli:${tomcatVersion}",           "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-jasper:${tomcatVersion}"}dependencies {    compile 'org.springframework:spring-context:4.3.8.RELEASE',            'org.springframework:spring-web:4.3.8.RELEASE',            'org.springframework:spring-webmvc:4.3.8.RELEASE',            'org.springframework:spring-orm:4.3.8.RELEASE',            'org.hibernate:hibernate-core:4.3.11.Final',            'com.mchange:c3p0:0.9.5.2',            'mysql:mysql-connector-java:6.0.6',            'com.jcraft:jsch:0.1.46',            //jackson包            'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:2.6.1'            'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:2.6.1'            'com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:2.6.1'    providedCompile 'javax.servlet:javax.servlet-api:4.0.0-b07' //用4.0.0-b07版本，否则3.0坑爹    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12',                'org.springframework:spring-test:4.3.8.RELEASE'}buildscript {    repositories {        jcenter()    }    dependencies{        classpath 'com.bmuschko:gradle-tomcat-plugin:2.2.5'    }}test{    testLogging{        showStandardStreams = true        events 'started', 'passed', 'skipped', 'failed'    }}

4、至此项目已经搭建好了，但是呢，测试文件还没说。我写下测试类sys.dao下面的ConstTypeTest的配置

package com.sys.dao;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;import org.springframework.test.context.ContextHierarchy;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;import com.RootConfig;import com.WebConfig;import com.sys.biz.impl.ConstDictBizImpl;import com.sys.ctrl.ConstDictCtrl;import com.sys.ctrl.ConstTypeCtrl;import com.sys.po.ConstDict;@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)//@ContextConfiguration(classes=RootConfig.class)@WebAppConfiguration //(value = "src/main/webapp")@ContextHierarchy({        @ContextConfiguration(name = "parent", classes = RootConfig.class),        @ContextConfiguration(name = "child", classes = WebConfig.class)})//@Transactionalpublic class ConstTypeTest {    @Autowired    private ConstTypeCtrl ConstTypeBizImpl;     @Autowired    private ConstDictCtrl ConstDictCtrl;    @Autowired    private ConstDictBizImpl constDictBizImpl;    @Test    public  void findAll() {//      List<ConstType> list = ConstTypeBizImpl.findAll();        ConstDict po = new ConstDict();        po.setVal("lll");        po.setName("啦啦啦");        po.setTypeId(1);        ConstDictCtrl.save(po, null);//      constDictBizImpl.save(po);        System.out.println("=============");    }}

结束！

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