磁盘分区和格式化

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Linux系统由于数据累计增长、前期存储规划不合理等诸多因素，出现存储不够用的情况时，此时就需要扩展逻辑分区或添加新的逻辑分区。下面介绍一下通过使用fdsik添加新的逻辑分区。

首先使用df命令检查文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-sda3                       30G  2.4G   26G   9% //dev/sda1              99M   23M   71M  25% /boottmpfs                 4.0G     0  4.0G   0% /dev/shmYou have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

然后使用fdisk -l查看分区表信息

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# fdisk -l  Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux/dev/sda2              14        5221    41833260   8e  Linux LVM  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes  Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table  Disk /dev/dm-0: 32.3 GB, 32346472448 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3932 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes  Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table  Disk /dev/dm-1: 10.4 GB, 10468982784 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1272 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes  Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table

fdisk命令参数介绍

p、打印分区表。

n、新建一个新分区。

d、删除一个分区。

m、输出菜单

q、退出不保存。

w、把分区写进分区表，保存并退出。

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previouscontent won't be recoverable.    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,and could in certain setups cause problems with:1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)  Command (m for help): mCommand action   a   toggle a bootable flag   b   edit bsd disklabel   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag   d   delete a partition   l   list known partition types   m   print this menu   n   add a new partition   o   create a new empty DOS partition table   p   print the partition table   q   quit without saving changes   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel   t   change a partition's system id   u   change display/entry units   v   verify the partition table   w   write table to disk and exit   x   extra functionality (experts only)    Command (m for help): p  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System  Command (m for help): nCommand action   e   extended   p   primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610): Using default value 2610  Command (m for help): p  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux  Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!  Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]#  fdisk -l /dev/sdb  Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes     Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System/dev/sdb1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux

使用 mkfs.ext4 命令格式化磁盘成格式化成ext4各式的文件系统。

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1mke4fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks1310720 inodes, 5241198 blocks262059 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296160 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:         32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,         4096000  Writing inode tables: done                            Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune4fs -c or -i to override.

系统启动时自动挂载/dev/sdb1,编辑/etc/fstab文件，指定挂载目录为/u02

[root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# vi /etc/fstab  /dev/VolGroup00/sda3    /                       ext3    defaults        1 1/dev/sdb1               /u02                    ext4    defaults        1 2LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0/dev/VolGroup00/sda4    swap                    swap    defaults        0 0~ [root@DB-ONE-SERVER~]# cd /[root@DB-ONE-SERVER/]# mkdir u02[root@DB-ONE-SERVER/]# mount -a[root@DB-ONE-SERVER/]# df -hFilesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-sda3                       30G  2.4G   26G   9% //dev/sda1              99M   23M   71M  25% /boottmpfs                 4.0G     0  4.0G   0% /dev/shm/dev/sdb1              20G  172M   19G   1% /u02[root@DB-ONE-SERVER/]# 

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