Autowired 详解

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什么是注解



传统的spring做法是使用.xml文件来对bean进行注入或者是配置aop、事物,这么做有两个缺点:


1、如果所有的内容都配置在.xml文件中,那么.xml文件将会十分庞大;如果按需求分开.xml文件,那么.xml文件又会非常多。总之这将导致配置文件的可读性与可维护性变得很低


2、在开发中在.Java文件和.xml文件之间不断切换,是一件麻烦的事,同时这种思维上的不连贯也会降低开发的效率


为了解决这两个问题,Spring引入了注解,通过"@XXX"的方式,让注解与Java Bean紧密结合,既大大减少了配置文件的体积,又增加了java Bean的可读性与内聚性。


本篇文章,讲讲最重要的三个Spring注解,也就是@Autowired、@Resource和@Service,希望能通过有限的篇幅说清楚这三个注解的用法。

一、目录结构

2、Zoo.java

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;public class Zoo{    private Tiger tiger;    private Monkey monkey;        public void setTiger(Tiger tiger)    {        this.tiger = tiger;    }        public void setMonkey(Monkey monkey)    {        this.monkey = monkey;    }        public Tiger getTiger()    {        return tiger;    }        public Monkey getMonkey()    {        return monkey;    }        public String toString()    {        return tiger + "\n" + monkey;    }}




3、Tiger.java

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;public class Tiger{    private String tigerName = "TigerKing";        public String toString()    {        return "TigerName:" + tigerName;    }}

4、Monkey.java

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;public class Monkey{    private String monkeyName = "MonkeyKing";        public String toString()    {        return "MonkeyName:" + monkeyName;    }}


5、配置文件 beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"      default-autowire="byType">        <bean id="zoo" class="com.xrq.bean.Zoo" >        <property name="tiger" ref="tiger" />        <property name="monkey" ref="monkey" />    </bean>        <bean id="tiger" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Tiger" />    <bean id="monkey" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Monkey" />    </beans>


6、测试程序

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;import org.junit.Test;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class Testautowired {@Testpublic void demo02(){//从spring容器获得//1 获得容器String xmlPath = "com/itheima/z_ioc/autowired/beans.xml";ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlPath);//2获得内容 --不需要自己new,都是从spring容器获得Zoo zoo = (Zoo) applicationContext.getBean("zoo");System.out.println(zoo.toString());}}


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改造之后 用Autowired 


1、Zoo.java 【如果还是以前的代码,测试程序将是 两个null】

package com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;public class Zoo{    @Autowiredprivate Tiger tiger;        @Autowired    private Monkey monkey;               public String toString()    {        return tiger + "\n" + monkey;    }}

2、配置文件beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd"><!--       default-autowire="byType">        <bean id="zoo" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Zoo" >        <property name="tiger" ref="tiger" />        <property name="monkey" ref="monkey" />    </bean>        <bean id="tiger" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Tiger" />    <bean id="monkey" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Monkey" /> -->     <context:component-scan base-package="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired" />    <bean id="zoo" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Zoo" />    <bean id="tiger" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Tiger" />     <bean id="monkey" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Monkey" /></beans>


注:

 <bean id="zoo" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Zoo" />    <bean id="tiger" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Tiger" />     <bean id="monkey" class="com.itheima.z_ioc.autowired.Monkey" />

还是要有这个,而不是自动注入。只是说他们之间的相对关系取消了



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第三部分 @Service

@Service注解,其实做了两件事情:

1、声明Zoo.java是一个bean,这点很重要,因为Zoo.java是一个bean,其他的类才可以使用@Autowired将Zoo作为一个成员变量自动注入

2、Zoo.java在bean中的id是"zoo",即类名且首字母小写