CPP_Basic_Code_P12.1-PP12.10.4
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// The Notes Created by Z-Tech on 2017/2/17.// All Codes Boot on 《C++ Primer Plus》V6.0// OS：MacOS 10.12.4// Translater：clang/llvm8.0.0 &g++4.2.1// Editer：iTerm 2&Sublime text 3// IDE: Xcode8.2.1&Clion2017.1//P12.1-P12.3Z_Head.h#ifndef XXX_H#define XXX_H#include <iostream>class StringBad{private: char * str; int len; static int num_strings;public: StringBad(const char * s); StringBad(); ~StringBad(); friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream & os,const StringBad & st);};#endifSubFunctions.cpp#include "Z_Head.h"#include <cstring>using std::cout;int StringBad::num_strings=0;StringBad::StringBad(const char * s){ len = std::strlen(s); str = new char[len+1]; std::strcpy(str,s); num_strings++; cout<<num_strings<<": \""<<str<<"\" object created\n";}StringBad::StringBad(){ len = 4; str = new char[len]; std::strcpy(str,"C++"); num_strings++; cout<<num_strings<<": \""<<str<<"\" default object created\n";}StringBad::~StringBad(){ cout<<"\""<<str<<"\" object deleted, "; --num_strings; cout<<num_strings<<" left\n"; delete [] str;}std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream & os,const StringBad & st){ os<<st.str; return os;}Main.cpp#include "Z_Head.h"using std::cout;void callme1(StringBad & );void callme2(StringBad);int main(){ using std::endl; { cout<<"String an inner block.\n"; StringBad headline1("Celery Stalks at Midnight"); StringBad headline2("Lettuce Prey"); StringBad sports("Spinach Leaves Bowl for Dollars"); cout<<"headline1: "<<headline1<<endl; cout<<"headline2: "<<headline2<<endl; cout<<"sports: "<<sports<<endl; callme1(headline1); cout<<"headline1: "<<headline1<<endl; callme2(headline2);//Bug出处 cout<<"headline2: "<<headline2<<endl; cout<<"Initialize one object to another:\n"; StringBad sailor = sports; cout<<"sailor: "<<sailor<<endl; cout<<"Assign one object to another:\n"; StringBad knot; knot = headline1; cout<<"knot: "<<knot<<endl; cout<<"Exiting the block.\n"; } cout<<"End of main()\n"; return 0;}void callme1(StringBad & rsb){ cout<<"String passed by reference:\n"; cout<<" \""<<rsb<<"\"\n";}void callme2(StringBad sb){ cout<<"String passed by value:\n"; cout<<" \""<<sb<<"\"\n";}//P12.4-P12.6Z_Head.h#ifndef XXX_H#define XXX_H#include <iostream>using std::ostream;using std::istream;class String{private: char * str; int len; static int num_strings;//声明静态数据成员，但此处无法定义 static const int CINLIM = 80;//静态常量可以初始化public: //构造函数和方法 String(const char * s); String(); String(const String &); ~String(); int length() const {return len;}//内联函数 //操作符重载成员函数 String & operator=(const String &); String & operator=(const char *); char & operator[](int i); const char & operator[](int i) const;//const版本 //操作符重载友元函数 friend bool operator<(const String &st1,const String &st2); friend bool operator>(const String &st1,const String &st2); friend bool operator==(const String &st1,const String & st2); friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os,const String & st); friend istream & operator>>(istream & is,String & st); //静态类成员函数 static int HowMany();};#endifSubFunctions.cpp#include "Z_Head.h"#include <cstring>using std::cout;using std::cin;int String::num_strings=0;//静态类成员函数int String::HowMany(){ return num_strings;//统计对象创建的次数}//构造函数和方法String::String(const char * s)//指针版本创建对象{ len = std::strlen(s); str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str,s); num_strings++;}String::String()//默认参数创建{ len = 4; str = new char[1]; str[0] = '\0'; num_strings++;}String::String(const String & st)//引用对象创建对象{ num_strings++; len = st.len; str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str,st.str);}String::~String()//析构函数{ --num_strings; delete [] str;}//操作符重载成员函数String & String::operator=(const String & st)//重载使用引用对象的赋值{ if (this == &st) return *this; delete [] str;//释放指针指向内存 len = st.len; str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str,st.str); return *this;}String & String::operator=(const char * s)//重载使用字符串指针的赋值{ delete [] str; len = std::strlen(s); str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str,s); return *this;}char & String::operator[](int i)//重载对象数组的引用{ return str[i];}const char & String::operator[](int i) const//重载常量版本{ return str[i];}//操作符重载友元函数bool operator<(const String &st1,const String &st2)//重载对象字符串排序<{ return (std::strcmp(st1.str,st2.str)<0);//st1在st2前则返回负数}bool operator>(const String &st1,const String &st2)//重载对象字符串排序>{ return (st2.str<st1.str);//巧妙利用前者}bool operator==(const String &st1,const String & st2)//重载对象字符串排序=={ return (std::strcmp(st1.str,st2.str)==0);}ostream & operator<<(ostream & os,const String & st)//重载对象的输出流{ os<<st.str; return os;}istream & operator>>(istream & is,String & st)//重载对象的输入流{ char temp[String::CINLIM]; is.get(temp,String::CINLIM); if (is) st=temp; while (is && is.get()!='\n') continue; return is;}Main.cpp#include "Z_Head.h"const int ArSize = 10;const int MaxLen = 81;int main(){ using std::cout; using std::cin; using std::endl; String name; cout<<"Hi,what's your name?\n>> "; cin>>name;//读取姓名到name cout<<name<<",please enter up to "<<ArSize <<" short saying <empty line to quit>:\n"; String saying[ArSize];//创建对象数组 char temp[MaxLen];//临时字符串数组 int i; for (i = 0;i < ArSize;i++) { cout<<i+1<<": "; cin.get(temp,MaxLen);//读取谚语到temp while (cin && cin.get()!='\n')//读取成功且不到结尾则继续 continue; if (!cin||temp[0]=='\0')//读取失败或者碰到字符串结尾\0则弹出 break; else saying[i]=temp;//将读取的temp存入saying对象数组 } int total = i; if (total > 0)//如果确实读取成功了 { cout<<"Here are your saying:\n"; for (i = 0;i < total;i++) cout<<saying[i][0]<<": "<<saying[i]<<endl; int shortest = 0; int first = 0; for (i = 1;i < total;i++) { if (saying[i].length() < saying[shortest].length())//字符串长度 shortest = i;//i已被设置为第一个谚语 if (saying[i] < saying[first])//谁小就在前，并被赋值到first first = i; } cout<<"Shortest saying :\n"<<saying[shortest]<<endl; cout<<"First alphabetically:\n"<<saying[first]<<endl; cout<<"This program used "<<String::HowMany()//统计被创建的对象数 <<" String objects.Bye.\n"; } else cout<<"No input!Bye.\n"; return 0;}//P12.7//配合P12.4-P12.5const int ArSize = 10;const int MaxLen = 81;int main(){ using namespace std; String name; cout<<"Hi,What's your name?\n>>"; cin>>name; cout<<name<<",Please enter up to "<<ArSize <<" short saying <empty line to quit>:\n"; String saying[ArSize]; char temp[MaxLen]; int i; for (i = 0;i < ArSize;i++) { cout<<i+1<<": "; cin.get(temp,MaxLen); while (cin&&cin.get()!='\n') continue; if (!cin||temp[0]=='\0') break; else saying[i]=temp; } int total = i; if (total > 0) { cout<<"Here are your saying:\n"; for (i = 0;i < total;i++) cout<<saying[i]<<'\n'; String * shortest = &saying[0]; String * first = &saying[0]; for (i = 1;i < total;i++) { if (saying[i].length() < shortest->length())//注意长度比较 shortest = &saying[i]; if (saying[i] < *first) first = &saying[i]; } cout<<"Shortest saying:\n"<< * shortest<<endl; cout<<"First saying:\n"<< * first<<endl; srand(time(0)); int choice = rand() % total; String * favorite = new String(saying[choice]); cout<<"My favorite saying:\n"<< *favorite<<endl; delete favorite; } else cout<<"Not much to say, eh?\n"; cout<<"Bye.\n"; return 0;}//P12.8#include <iostream>using namespace std;const int BUF = 512;class JustTesting{private: string words; int number;public: JustTesting(const string &s = "Just Testing", int n = 0) { words = s; number = n; cout << words << " constructed\n"; } ~JustTesting() { cout << words << " destroyed"; } void Show() const { cout << words << ", " << number << endl; }};int main(){ char *buffer = new char[BUF]; JustTesting *pc1,*pc2; pc1=new (buffer) JustTesting; pc2=new JustTesting("Heap1",20); cout<<"Memory block addresses:\n"<<"buffer:" <<(void *)buffer<<" heap: "<<pc2<<endl; cout<<"Memory contents:\n"; cout<<pc1<<": "; pc1->Show(); cout<<pc2<<": "; pc2->Show(); JustTesting *pc3,*pc4; pc3=new (buffer) JustTesting("Bad Idea",6);//这会导致缓冲池被覆盖 pc4=new JustTesting("Heap2",10);//每次都会在堆里分配新的地址 cout<<"Memory addresses:\n"; cout<<pc3<<": "; pc3->Show(); cout<<pc4<<": "; pc4->Show(); delete pc2; delete pc4; delete [] buffer; cout<<"Done.\n"; return 0;}//P12.9#include <iostream>using namespace std;const int BUF = 512;class JustTesting{private: string words; int number;public: JustTesting(const string &s = "Just Testing", int n = 0) { words = s; number = n; cout << words << " constructed\n"; } ~JustTesting() { cout << words << " destroyed\n"; } void Show() const { cout << words << ", " << number << endl; }};int main(){ char *buffer = new char[BUF]; JustTesting *pc1, *pc2; pc1 = new(buffer) JustTesting; pc2 = new JustTesting("Heap1", 20); cout << "Memory block addresses:\n" << "buffer:" << (void *) buffer << " heap: " << pc2 << endl; cout << "Memory contents:\n"; cout << pc1 << ": "; pc1->Show(); cout << pc2 << ": "; pc2->Show(); JustTesting *pc3, *pc4; pc3 = new(buffer + sizeof(JustTesting)) JustTesting("Better Idea", 6);//右移1个对象的空间 pc4 = new JustTesting("Heap2", 10);//每次都会在堆里分配新的地址 cout << "Memory addresses:\n"; cout << pc3 << ": "; pc3->Show(); cout << pc4 << ": "; pc4->Show(); delete pc2; delete pc4; pc3->~JustTesting();//删除指向的对象 pc1->~JustTesting(); delete[] buffer; cout << "Done.\n"; return 0;}//P12.10-12.12Z_Head.h#ifndef QUEUE_H#define QUEUE_Hclass Customer{private: long arrive; int processtime;public: Customer() { arrive = processtime = 0; }//构造函数 void set(long when);//设置随机服务时长和抵达时间 long when() const { return arrive; }//返回到达时间 int ptime() const { return processtime; }//返回服务时长};typedef Customer Item;//将类名Customer简化为替换为Itemclass Queue{private: struct Node { Item item;struct Node *next; };//创建节点结构 enum { Q_SIZE = 10 };//类内常量 Node *front; Node *rear; int items; const int qsize; Queue(const Queue &q) : qsize(0) {}//伪私有方法防止意外创建 Queue &operator=(const Queue &q) { return *this; }//防止意外public: Queue(int qs = Q_SIZE); ~Queue(); bool isempty() const; bool isfull() const; int queuecount() const;//队列成员计数 bool enqueue(const Item &item);//加入队尾 bool dequeue(Item &item);//离开队首};#endifSubFunctions.cpp#include "Z_Head.h"#include <cstdlib>Queue::Queue(int qs) : qsize(qs)//成员初始化列表{ front = rear = nullptr; items = 0;}Queue::~Queue(){ Node *temp; while (front != nullptr) { temp = front;//暂时保存指针 front = front->next;//后置指针前移 delete temp;//删除原front }}bool Queue::isempty() const{ return items == 0;}bool Queue::isfull() const{ return items == qsize;}int Queue::queuecount() const{ return items;}bool Queue::enqueue(const Item &item){ if (isfull()) return false; Node *add = new Node; add->item = item; add->next = nullptr; items++; if (front == nullptr) front = add; else rear->next = add; rear = add; return true;}bool Queue::dequeue(Item &item){ if (front == nullptr)//isempty() return false; item = front->item;//将第一个对象节点的数据传给引用 items--; Node *temp = front; front = front->next;//后一个指针设为前一个 delete temp;//删除节点 if (items == 0) rear = nullptr;//如果移除后队列空则设尾部为空指针 return true;}void Customer::set(long when){ processtime = std::rand() % 3 + 1;//rand()需要srand()作为种子 arrive = when;}Main.cpp#include "Z_Head.h"#include <iostream>const int MIN_PER_HR = 60;bool newcustomer(double x);int main(){ using std::cin; using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::ios_base; std::srand(std::time(0)); cout << "Case Study: Bank of Heather Automatic Teller\n"; cout << "Enter Maximum size of queue: "; int qs; cin >> qs; cin.get(); Queue line(qs);//创建qs人的队列 cout << "Enter number of simulation hours: ";//模仿小时数 int hours; cin >> hours; cin.get(); long cyclelimit = MIN_PER_HR * hours; cout << "Enter the average number of customers per hour: "; double perhour; cin >> perhour; cin.get(); double min_per_cust; min_per_cust = MIN_PER_HR; Item temp; long turnaways = 0; long customers = 0; long served = 0; long sum_line = 0; int wait_time = 0; long line_wait = 0; for (int cycle = 0; cycle < cyclelimit; cycle++) { if (newcustomer(min_per_cust)) { if (line.isfull()) turnaways++; else { customers++; temp.set(cycle); line.enqueue(temp); } } if (wait_time <= 0 && !line.isempty()) { line.dequeue(temp); wait_time = temp.ptime(); line_wait += cycle - temp.when(); served++; } if (wait_time > 0) wait_time--; sum_line += line.queuecount(); } if (customers > 0) { cout << "customers acceted: " << customers << endl; cout << " customers served: " << served << endl; cout << " turnaways: " << turnaways << endl; cout << " average queue size: "; cout.precision(2); cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield); cout << double(sum_line / cyclelimit) << endl; cout << " average wait time: " << double(line_wait / served) << " minutes\n"; } else cout << "No customers!\n"; cout << "Done!\n"; return 0;}bool newcustomer(double x){ return (std::rand() * x / RAND_MAX < 1);}//PP12.10.1#include <cstring>#include <iostream>class Cow{ //隐式默认private char name[20]; char *hobby; double weight;public: Cow(); Cow(const char *nm, const char *ho, double wt); Cow(const Cow &c); ~Cow(); Cow &operator=(const Cow &c); void showCow() const;};Cow::Cow(){ name[0] = '\0'; hobby = nullptr; weight = 0;}Cow::Cow(const char *nm, const char *ho, double wt){ strcpy(name, nm); hobby = new char[strlen(ho) + 1]; strcpy(hobby, ho); weight = wt;}Cow::Cow(const Cow &c){ strcpy(name, c.name); hobby = new char[strlen(c.hobby) + 1]; strcpy(hobby, c.hobby); weight = c.weight;}Cow::~Cow(){ delete[] hobby;}Cow &Cow::operator=(const Cow &c){ strcpy(name, c.name); hobby = new char[strlen(c.hobby) + 1]; strcpy(hobby, c.hobby); weight = c.weight; return *this;}void Cow::showCow() const{ std::cout << "Name: " << name << std::endl; std::cout << "Hobby: " << hobby << std::endl; std::cout << "Weight: " << weight << std::endl;}int main(){ Cow test1; Cow test2("杨旭舟", "Find my girl.", 120); test2.showCow(); Cow test3(test2); test3.showCow(); test1 = test2; test2.showCow(); return 0;}//PP12.10.2Z_Head.h#include <iostream>using std::ostream;using std::istream;class String{private: char *str; unsigned len; static int num_strings;//声明静态数据成员，但此处无法定义 static const int CINLIM = 80;//静态常量可以初始化public: //静态类成员函数 static int HowMany(); //构造函数和方法 String(const char *s); String(); String(const String &); ~String(); int length() const { return len; }//内联函数 void Stringlow(); void Stringup(); unsigned Has(char ch) const; //操作符重载成员函数 String &operator=(const String &); String &operator=(const char *); String &operator+=(const String &); char &operator[](int i); const char &operator[](int i) const;//const版本 //操作符重载友元函数 friend bool operator<(const String &st1, const String &st2); friend bool operator>(const String &st1, const String &st2); friend String operator+(const String &st1, const String &st2); friend bool operator==(const String &st1, const String &st2); friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const String &st); friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, String &st);};SubFunctions.cpp#include "Z_Head.h"#include <cstring>using std::cout;using std::cin;int String::num_strings = 0;//静态类成员函数int String::HowMany(){ return num_strings;//统计对象创建的次数}//构造函数和方法String::String(const char *s)//指针版本创建对象{ len = std::strlen(s); str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str, s); num_strings++;}String::String()//默认参数创建{ len = 4; str = new char[1]; str[0] = '\0'; num_strings++;}String::String(const String &st)//引用对象创建对象{ num_strings++; len = st.len; str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str, st.str);}String::~String()//析构函数{ --num_strings; delete[] str;}void String::Stringlow(){ for (unsigned i=0;i<len;i++) str[i]=(char)tolower((int)str[i]);}void String::Stringup(){ for (unsigned i=0;i<len;i++) str[i]=(char)toupper((int)str[i]);}unsigned String::Has(char ch) const{ unsigned counter=0; for (unsigned i=0;i<len;i++) if (str[i]==ch)//不需要'ch' counter++; return counter;}//操作符重载成员函数String &String::operator=(const String &st)//重载使用引用对象的赋值{ if (this == &st) return *this; delete[] str;//释放指针指向内存 len = st.len; str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str, st.str); return *this;}String &String::operator=(const char *s)//重载使用字符串指针的赋值{ delete[] str; len = std::strlen(s); str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str, s); return *this;}String &String::operator+=(const String &st){ return (*this += st);//利用cstring追加字符串}char &String::operator[](int i)//重载对象数组的引用{ return str[i];}const char &String::operator[](int i) const//重载常量版本{ return str[i];}//操作符重载友元函数bool operator<(const String &st1, const String &st2)//重载对象字符串排序<{ return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) < 0);//st1在st2前则返回负数}bool operator>(const String &st1, const String &st2)//重载对象字符串排序>{ return (st2.str < st1.str);//巧妙利用前者}String operator+(const String &st1, const String &st2){ char * temp=new char[st1.len+st2.len+1];//获取和长度 strcpy(temp,st1.str);//复制第一部分 strcat(temp,st2.str);//添加第二部分 String tmp(temp);//调用构造函数生成临时String对象 delete [] temp;//清空temp内存 return tmp;//返回对象}bool operator==(const String &st1, const String &st2)//重载对象字符串排序=={ return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) == 0);}ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const String &st)//重载对象的输出流{ os << st.str; return os;}istream &operator>>(istream &is, String &st)//重载对象的输入流{ char temp[String::CINLIM]; is.get(temp, String::CINLIM); if (is) st = temp; while (is && is.get() != '\n') continue; return is;}Main.cpp#include "Z_Head.h"using namespace std;int main(){ String s1(" and I am a C++ student."); String s2="Please enter your name: "; String s3; cout<<s2; cin>>s3; s2="My name is "+s3; cout<<s2<<".\n"; s2+=s1; s2.Stringup(); cout<<"The string\n"<<s2<<"\ncontains " <<s2.Has('A')<<" 'A'characters in it.\n"; s1="red"; String rgb[3]={String(s1),String("green"),String("blue")}; cout<<"Enter the name of a primary color for mixing light: "; String ans; bool success= false; while (cin>>ans) { ans.Stringlow(); for (int i=0;i<3;i++) { if (ans==rgb[i]) { cout<<"That's right!\n"; success=true; break; } } if (success) break; else cout<<"Try again!\n"; } cout<<"Bye.\n"; return 0;}//PP12.10.3Z_Head.h#include <string>#include <iostream>class Stock{private: char *company; long shares; double share_val; double total_val; void set_tot() { total_val = shares * share_val; }public: Stock(); Stock(const char *co, long n = 0, double pr = 0); ~Stock(); void buy(long num, double price); void sell(long num, double price); void update(double price); friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream & os,const Stock & st); const Stock &topval(const Stock &s) const;};SubFunctions.cpp#include <iostream>Stock::Stock(){ company = nullptr; shares = 0; share_val = 0.0; total_val = 0.0;}Stock::Stock(const char *co, long n, double pr){ company = new char[strlen(co) + 1]; strcpy(company, co); if (n < 0) { std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative; " << company << " shares set to 0.\n"; shares = 0; } else shares = n; share_val = pr; set_tot();}Stock::~Stock()//析构函数{ delete[] company;}void Stock::buy(long num, double price){ if (num < 0) { std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative. " << "Transaction is aborted.\n"; } else { shares += num; share_val = price; set_tot(); }}void Stock::sell(long num, double price){ using std::cout; if (num < 0) { cout << "Number of shares can't be negative. " << "Transaction is aborted.\n"; } else if (num > shares) { cout << "Number of shares can't be negative. " << "Transaction is aborted.\n"; } else { shares -= num; share_val = price; set_tot(); }}void Stock::update(double price){ share_val = price; set_tot();}std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Stock &st)//友元无后置const无需friend无需类限定{ using std::cout; using std::ios_base; ios_base::fmtflags orig = cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield); std::streamsize prec = cout.precision(3); os << "Company: " << st.company << " Shares: " << st.shares << '\n' << " Shares Price: $" << st.share_val; os.precision(2); os << " Total Worth: $" << st.total_val << '\n'; os.setf(orig, ios_base::floatfield); os.precision(prec); return os;}const Stock &Stock::topval(const Stock &s) const{ if (s.total_val > total_val) return s; else return *this;//this指针，指向本对象}Main.cppconst int STKS = 4;int main(){ Stock stocks[STKS] { Stock("NanoSmart", 12, 20.0), Stock("Boffo Objects", 200, 2.0), Stock("Monolithic Oblisks", 130, 3.25), Stock("Fleep Enterprises", 60, 6.5) }; std::cout << "Stock holding:\n"; int st; for (st = 0; st < STKS; st++) std::cout << stocks[st]; const Stock *top = &stocks[0]; for (st = 1; st < STKS; st++) top = &top->topval(stocks[st]);//难点，对引用对象再次取地址就是指针！！！ std::cout << "\nMost valuable holding:\n"; std::cout << *top;//此处top需解除引用 return 0;}//PP12.10.4Z_Head.h#include <iostream>typedef unsigned long Item;class Stack{private: enum { MAX = 10 }; Item *pitems; int size; int top;public: Stack(int n = MAX); Stack(const Stack &st); ~Stack(); bool isempty() const; bool isfull() const; bool push(const Item &item); bool pop(Item &item); Stack &operator=(const Stack &st); friend std::ostream&operator<<(std::ostream & os,const Stack & st);};SubFunctions.cppStack::Stack(int n){ pitems = new Item[MAX]; top = 0; size = 0;}Stack::Stack(const Stack &st){ pitems = new Item[st.size]; top = 0; size = 0; for (int i = 0; i < st.size; i++) { pitems[i] = st.pitems[i];//分别赋值 size++;//调整到合适位置 top++; }}Stack::~Stack(){ delete[] pitems;}bool Stack::isempty() const{ return top == 0;}bool Stack::isfull() const{ return top == MAX;}bool Stack::push(const Item &item){ if (top < MAX) { pitems[top++] = item; size++; return true; } else return false;}bool Stack::pop(Item &item){ if (top > 0) { item = pitems[top--]; size--; return true; } else return false;}Stack &Stack::operator=(const Stack &st){ delete [] pitems; pitems=new Item[st.size]; top=0; size=0; for (int i = 0; i < st.size; i++) { pitems[i] = st.pitems[i];//分别赋值 size++;//调整到合适位置 top++; } return *this;}std::ostream&operator<<(std::ostream & os,const Stack & st){ os<<"This stack is : "<<std::endl; int len=st.top-1; while (len!=-1) { os<<st.pitems[len]<<std::endl; len--; } return os;}Main.cpp#include <iostream>int main(){ using std::cout; Stack fuck; Item you[20] = {0}; for (int i = 0; i < 11; i++) { you[i] = i + 1; fuck.push(you[i]); } cout << fuck; Stack s1(fuck); cout << s1; Stack s2 = fuck; cout << fuck;}阅读全文
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