CentOS6.7安装Oracle11gR2

1. 安装环境
Linux: 64位CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
Oracle:linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip & linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
2. 安装前准备
1.1 安装依赖包
安装Oracle需要的RPM支持包，安装前可以rpm-qa | grep xxx检查一下是否已经存在，存在不需要再安装

[root@hadoop ~]# yum install binutils[root@hadoop ~]# yum install compat-libcap1[root@hadoop ~]# yum install compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64[root@hadoop ~]# yum install elfutils[root@hadoop ~]# yum install elfutils-libelf-devel[root@hadoop ~]# yum install elfutils-libelf-devel-static[root@hadoop ~]# yum install expat[root@hadoop ~]# yum install gcc[root@hadoop ~]# yum install gcc-c++[root@hadoop ~]# yum install glibc[root@hadoop ~]# yum install glibc-common[root@hadoop ~]# yum install glibc-devel[root@hadoop ~]# yum install glibc-headers[root@hadoop ~]# yum install kernel-headers[root@hadoop ~]# yum install ksh[root@hadoop ~]# yum install libaio[root@hadoop ~]# yum install libaio-devel[root@hadoop ~]# yum install libgcc[root@hadoop ~]# yum install libgomp[root@hadoop ~]# yum install libstdc++[root@hadoop ~]# yum install libstdc++-devel[root@hadoop ~]# yum install make[root@hadoop ~]# yum install numactl[root@hadoop ~]# yum install numactl-devel[root@hadoop ~]# yum install sysstat[root@hadoop ~]# yum install unixODBC[root@hadoop ~]# yum install unixODBC-driver

2.1 安装JDK

安装JDK

[root@hadoop ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm[root@hadoop ~]# java -version

设置环境变量

[root@hadoop ~]# vi /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh

写入以下内容

#!/bin/bashJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATHexport PATH JAVA_HOMEexport CLASSPATH=.

赋予权限

[root@hadoop ~]# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh [root@hadoop ~]# ls -ltr /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 113 Jun  1 16:33 /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh[root@hadoop ~]# source /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh [root@hadoop ~]# whereis javajava: /usr/bin/java /etc/java /usr/lib/java /usr/share/java /usr/share/man/man1/java.1[root@hadoop ~]#  ~]# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh [root@hadoop ~]# ls -ltr /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 113 Jun  1 16:33 /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh[root@hadoop ~]# source /etc/profile.d/javahome.sh [root@hadoop ~]# whereis javajava: /usr/bin/java /etc/java /usr/lib/java /usr/share/java /usr/share/man/man1/java.1[root@hadoop ~]# 

3.1 安装浏览器

[root@hadoop ~]# yum install firefox

4.1 创建oracle用户和组

[root@hadoop ~]# groupadd oinstall[root@hadoop ~]# groupadd dba[root@hadoop ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /mysite/oracle oracle[root@hadoop ~]# passwd oracle(oracle)

5.1 置服务器内核配置参数
置服务器内核配置参数，保证Oracle正常运行（Oracle启动需要较多的资源）

[root@hadoop ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在结尾写入

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

使配置生效

[root@hadoop ~]# sysctl -p

6.1 配置用户资源限制
按照官方文档里面要求依次检查是否符合最大最小值区间，不符合的在配置文件里修改。

[root@hadoop ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf写入oracle             soft    nofile           4096oracle             hard    nofile           65536oracle             soft    nproc            2047oracle             hard    nproc            16384oracle             soft    stack            10240oracle             hard    stack            32768

注意这里配置的是oracle用户的资源限制，配置完成后切换到oracle用户再检查。
7.1 创建oracle安装文件夹和存放数据的文件夹

[root@hadoop ~]# su oracle[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ umask0022[oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/app[oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/app/oraInventory[oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/app/oracle[oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product[oracle@hadoop ~]$ mkdir -p /mysite/oracle/tmp[oracle@hadoop ~]$ chmod a+wr /mysite/oracle/tmp

8.1 配置oracle用户的环境变量

[oracle@hadoop ~]$ vi /mysite/oracle/.bash_profile

写入配置

export ORACLE_BASE=/mysite/oracle/appexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=orclexport ORACLE_PID=orclexport JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131export CLASSPATH==.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarexport PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/binexport TMP=/mysite/oracle/tmpexport TMPDIR=/mysite/oracle/tmp

让配置生效

[oracle@hadoop ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

3. 安装Oracle
9.1 下载解压
从oracle官网下载Linux安装包，拷贝到服务器上oracle家目录下解压

[root@vm oracle]# pwd/mysite/oracle[root@vm oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip[root@vm oracle]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip[root@vm oracle]# ls -ltrtotal 2295612drwxr-xr-x. 8 root   root           4096 Aug 21  2009 databasedrwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall       4096 Jun 26 15:39 appdrwxrwxrwx. 2 oracle oinstall       4096 Jun 26 15:59 tmp-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     1239269270 Jun 26 16:25 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root     1111416131 Jun 26 16:25 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip[root@vm oracle]# 

10.1 运行安装
切换oracle用户，运行安装

[root@vm oracle]# su oracle[oracle@hadoop ~]$ cd database/[oracle@vm database]$ ./runInstaller 

即弹出可视化窗口，安装oracle

使用统一密码, oracleAdmin1

password management这里，可以修改用户的密码。

oracle管理主要用以下四个用户：

超级管理员：sys / change_on_install

普通管理员：system / manager

普通用户： scott / tiger ； -> 默认是被锁定的

大数据用户： sh / sh

点击OK之后出来一个对话框，要求执行两条命令

新开一个shell窗口，执行两条命令

[root@hadoop ~]# /mysite/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of /mysite/oracle/oraInventory.Adding read,write permissions for group.Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.Changing groupname of /mysite/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete.[root@hadoop ~]# /mysite/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...The following environment variables are set as:    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle    ORACLE_HOME=  /mysite/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: /usr/local/bin   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root.sh script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.[root@hadoop ~]#

执行完成之后回到页面上点OK，完成安装。

单击close，安装完成。

 4. 启动oracle
11.1 手动启动oracle

[root@ vm-vc02-SR910 ~]# cp /mysite/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/sqlplus /bin/[root@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]# su - oracle[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ lsnrctl start[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Jun 27 11:06:09 2017Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startupORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 6680915968 bytesFixed Size      2213936 bytesVariable Size   3556771792 bytesDatabase Buffers  3087007744 bytesRedo Buffers     34922496 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL>

至此，oracle启动成功
12.1 设置oracle开机自启动
1. 修改oratab

[root@vm-vc02-SR910 bin]# vi /etc/oratab修改 orcl:/mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N为orcl:/mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y

2. 修改dbstart，dbshut

[root@vm-vc02-SR910 bin]# vi /mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart修改# ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME[root@vm-vc02-SR910 bin]# vi /mysite/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbshut修改# ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

添加内容到rc.local中

[root@vm-vc02-SR910 bin]#  vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local写入su - oracle -c  "lsnrctl start"su - oracle -c  "dbstart"

2.1.1 访问数据库
1.1.1.1 本机直接通过sock方式访问，IPC （UDP协议）

[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

2.1.1.1 通过tcp建立连接到oracle服务器
oracle网络配置
tnsname.ora
listener.ora
两种网络访问的方式

[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracleAdmin1@ORCL as sysdba

不需要任何配置，但oracle必须在listener.ora定义

[oracle@vm-vc02-SR910 admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracleAdmin1@10.10.8.88:1521/ORCL as sysdba