Nginx配置文件nginx.conf详解

来源：互联网发布：孔雀公主牙膏知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/21 06:31

Full Example Configuration

先来看看官方网站给出的nginx.conf的完整示例

nginx.conf

user       www www;  ## Default: nobodyworker_processes  5;  ## Default: 1error_log  logs/error.log;pid        logs/nginx.pid;worker_rlimit_nofile 8192;events {  worker_connections  4096;  ## Default: 1024}http {  include    conf/mime.types;  include    /etc/nginx/proxy.conf;  include    /etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;  index    index.html index.htm index.php;  default_type application/octet-stream;  log_format   main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]  $status '    '"$request" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';  access_log   logs/access.log  main;  sendfile     on;  tcp_nopush   on;  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; # this seems to be required for some vhosts  server { # php/fastcgi    listen       80;    server_name  domain1.com www.domain1.com;    access_log   logs/domain1.access.log  main;    root         html;    location ~ \.php$ {      fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:1025;    }  }  server { # simple reverse-proxy    listen       80;    server_name  domain2.com www.domain2.com;    access_log   logs/domain2.access.log  main;    # serve static files    location ~ ^/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/  {      root    /var/www/virtual/big.server.com/htdocs;      expires 30d;    }    # pass requests for dynamic content to rails/turbogears/zope, et al    location / {      proxy_pass      http://127.0.0.1:8080;    }  }  upstream big_server_com {    server 127.0.0.3:8000 weight=5;    server 127.0.0.3:8001 weight=5;    server 192.168.0.1:8000;    server 192.168.0.1:8001;  }  server { # simple load balancing    listen          80;    server_name     big.server.com;    access_log      logs/big.server.access.log main;    location / {      proxy_pass      http://big_server_com;    }  }}

proxy_conf

proxy_redirect          off;proxy_set_header        Host            $host;proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP       $remote_addr;proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;client_max_body_size    10m;client_body_buffer_size 128k;proxy_connect_timeout   90;proxy_send_timeout      90;proxy_read_timeout      90;proxy_buffers           32 4k;

fastcgi_conf

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx/$nginx_version;fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;fastcgi_index  index.php;fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

mime_types

types {  text/html                             html htm shtml;  text/css                              css;  text/xml                              xml rss;  image/gif                             gif;  image/jpeg                            jpeg jpg;  application/x-javascript              js;  text/plain                            txt;  text/x-component                      htc;  text/mathml                           mml;  image/png                             png;  image/x-icon                          ico;  image/x-jng                           jng;  image/vnd.wap.wbmp                    wbmp;  application/java-archive              jar war ear;  application/mac-binhex40              hqx;  application/pdf                       pdf;  application/x-cocoa                   cco;  application/x-java-archive-diff       jardiff;  application/x-java-jnlp-file          jnlp;  application/x-makeself                run;  application/x-perl                    pl pm;  application/x-pilot                   prc pdb;  application/x-rar-compressed          rar;  application/x-redhat-package-manager  rpm;  application/x-sea                     sea;  application/x-shockwave-flash         swf;  application/x-stuffit                 sit;  application/x-tcl                     tcl tk;  application/x-x509-ca-cert            der pem crt;  application/x-xpinstall               xpi;  application/zip                       zip;  application/octet-stream              deb;  application/octet-stream              bin exe dll;  application/octet-stream              dmg;  application/octet-stream              eot;  application/octet-stream              iso img;  application/octet-stream              msi msp msm;  audio/mpeg                            mp3;  audio/x-realaudio                     ra;  video/mpeg                            mpeg mpg;  video/quicktime                       mov;  video/x-flv                           flv;  video/x-msvideo                       avi;  video/x-ms-wmv                        wmv;  video/x-ms-asf                        asx asf;  video/x-mng                           mng;}

接着我们来看一下实际在生产环境中使用的具体配置（这里也需要依据自身的实际环境来确认具体配置才行）

user www www; #定义Nginx运行的用户和用户组worker_processes 8; #nginx进程数，建议设置为等于CPU总核心数。error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; #全局错误日志定义类型，[ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]pid /var/run/nginx.pid; #进程文件#一个nginx进程打开的最多文件描述符数目，理论值应该是最多打开文件数（系统的值ulimit -n）与nginx进程数相除，但是nginx分配请求并不均匀，所以建议与ulimit -n的值保持一致。worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;#工作模式与连接数上限events{#参考事件模型，use [ kqueue | rtsig | epoll | /dev/poll | select | poll ]; epoll模型是Linux 2.6以上版本内核中的高性能网络I/O模型，如果跑在FreeBSD上面，就用kqueue模型。use epoll;#单个进程最大连接数（最大连接数=连接数*进程数）worker_connections 65535;}#设定http服务器http{include mime.types; #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表default_type application/octet-stream; #默认文件类型#charset utf-8; #默认编码server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; #服务器名字的hash表大小client_header_buffer_size 32k; #上传文件大小限制large_client_header_buffers 4 64k; #设定请求缓client_max_body_size 8m; #设定请求缓sendfile on; #开启高效文件传输模式，sendfile指令指定nginx是否调用sendfile函数来输出文件，对于普通应用设为 on，如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘IO重负载应用，可设置为off，以平衡磁盘与网络I/O处理速度，降低系统的负载。注意：如果图片显示不正常把这个改成off。autoindex on; #开启目录列表访问，合适下载服务器，默认关闭。tcp_nopush on; #防止网络阻塞tcp_nodelay on; #防止网络阻塞keepalive_timeout 120; #长连接超时时间，单位是秒#FastCGI相关参数是为了改善网站的性能：减少资源占用，提高访问速度。下面参数看字面意思都能理解。fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;fastcgi_send_timeout 300;fastcgi_read_timeout 300;fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;#gzip模块设置gzip on; #开启gzip压缩输出gzip_min_length 1k; #最小压缩文件大小gzip_buffers 4 16k; #压缩缓冲区gzip_http_version 1.0; #压缩版本（默认1.1，前端如果是squid2.5请使用1.0）gzip_comp_level 2; #压缩等级gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;#压缩类型，默认就已经包含text/html，所以下面就不用再写了，写上去也不会有问题，但是会有一个warn。gzip_vary on;#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; #开启限制IP连接数的时候需要使用upstream blog.ha97.com {#upstream的负载均衡，weight是权重，可以根据机器配置定义权重。weigth参数表示权值，权值越高被分配到的几率越大。server 192.168.80.121:80 weight=3;server 192.168.80.122:80 weight=2;server 192.168.80.123:80 weight=3;}#虚拟主机的配置server{#监听端口listen 80;#域名可以有多个，用空格隔开server_name www.ha97.com ha97.com;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /data/www/ha97;location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?${fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;fastcgi_index index.php;include fastcgi.conf;}#图片缓存时间设置location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${expires 10d;}#JS和CSS缓存时间设置location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${expires 1h;}#日志格式设定log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';#定义本虚拟主机的访问日志access_log /var/log/nginx/ha97access.log access;#对 "/" 启用反向代理location / {proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;proxy_redirect off;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;#后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IPproxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;#以下是一些反向代理的配置，可选。proxy_set_header Host $host;client_max_body_size 10m; #允许客户端请求的最大单文件字节数client_body_buffer_size 128k; #缓冲区代理缓冲用户端请求的最大字节数，proxy_connect_timeout 90; #nginx跟后端服务器连接超时时间(代理连接超时)proxy_send_timeout 90; #后端服务器数据回传时间(代理发送超时)proxy_read_timeout 90; #连接成功后，后端服务器响应时间(代理接收超时)proxy_buffer_size 4k; #设置代理服务器（nginx）保存用户头信息的缓冲区大小proxy_buffers 4 32k; #proxy_buffers缓冲区，网页平均在32k以下的设置proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; #高负荷下缓冲大小（proxy_buffers*2）proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;#设定缓存文件夹大小，大于这个值，将从upstream服务器传}#设定查看Nginx状态的地址location /NginxStatus {stub_status on;access_log on;auth_basic "NginxStatus";auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;#htpasswd文件的内容可以用apache提供的htpasswd工具来产生。}#本地动静分离反向代理配置#所有jsp的页面均交由tomcat或resin处理；如果使用的nodejs，则交由node服务去处理#我的项目采用的是单页应用，所有没有这一项的配置location ~ .(jsp|jspx|do)?$ {proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;}#所有静态文件由nginx直接读取不经过tomcat或resinlocation ~ .*.(htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma)${ expires 15d; }location ~ .*.(js|css)?${ expires 1h; }}}

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