DFS:HDU1518-Square(剪枝较多的DFS)

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题目:

Square
Time Limit: 10000/5000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 15102    Accepted Submission(s): 4751


Problem Description
Given a set of sticks of various lengths, is it possible to join them end-to-end to form a square?
 

Input
The first line of input contains N, the number of test cases. Each test case begins with an integer 4 <= M <= 20, the number of sticks. M integers follow; each gives the length of a stick - an integer between 1 and 10,000.
 

Output
For each case, output a line containing "yes" if is is possible to form a square; otherwise output "no".
 

Sample Input
3
4 1 1 1 1
5 10 20 30 40 50
8 1 7 2 6 4 4 3 5
 

Sample Output
yes
no
yes
 

Source
University of Waterloo Local Contest 2002.09.21






解题心得:

1、一开始在看到这道题的时候真的很蒙蔽,不知道怎么递归,怎么判断是否可以拼成正方形,其实这道题只要利用正方形的性质就可以了,正方形有四条边并且四条边一样长,所以在递归的时候只需要递归拼成的边的长度和边的个数就行了,但是按照这种普通的思路会超时,这就很尴尬了,然后就剪枝呗。

2、这个题的剪枝比较复杂,给出的n小于4的直接剪去,给出的所有的和不是4的倍数的直接减去,最大的数超过了边长的直接减去,看似减得差不多了但是还是会超时,这里有一个小的技巧,在递归边长的时候是将几个数相加得到的边长,这个时候就可以先排一个序然后从小到大开始加,每一次递归的元素再加加在边长上排序好的那个数的位置就行了。





我的代码:776ms
#include<bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;int a[25];bool flag,vis[25];int n,ave;void dfs(int num,int len,int pos)//需要递归的元素以此是:边的条数,边的长度,加上的数的位置{    if(num == 3 || flag)//由于之前预处理了,直接得到三条边就好,第四条边自动就出来了    {        flag = true;        return ;    }    if(len == ave)    {        dfs(num+1,0,0);        return;    }    for(int i=pos;i<n;i++)    {        if(!vis[i] && (len + a[i] <= ave))        {            vis[i] = true;            dfs(num,len+a[i],i+1);            vis[i] = false;        }    }}int main(){    int t;    int Max = -1;    int sum;    scanf("%d",&t);    while(t--)    {        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));        flag = false;        sum = 0;        Max = -1;        scanf("%d",&n);        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)        {            scanf("%d",&a[i]);            sum += a[i];        }        sort(a,a+n);        if(n <= 3)//正方形有四条边        {            printf("no\n");            continue;        }        ave = sum /4;//平均每一条边的边长        if(sum % 4)//不是4的倍数的直接减去        {            printf("no\n");            continue;        }        if(a[n-1] > ave)//最大的一个数比平均边长还大的直接减去        {            printf("no\n");            continue;        }        dfs(0,0,0);        if(flag)            printf("yes\n");        else            printf("no\n");    }}




大神的代码:4ms
#include <iostream>#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <string>#include <cmath>#include <cstdio>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;int n,cnt,sum;struct node{  int lenth;  int mark;}stick[25];int cmp(node a,node b){    return a.lenth>b.lenth;}int dfs(int len,int count,int l,int pos){   if(count==4)return 1;   for(int i=pos;i<n;i++)   {       if(stick[i].mark)continue;       if(len==(stick[i].lenth+l))        {          stick[i].mark=1;          if(dfs(len,count+1,0,0))                return 1;          stick[i].mark=0;          return 0;        }       else if(len>(stick[i].lenth+l))        {           stick[i].mark=1;           l+=stick[i].lenth;           if(dfs(len,count,l,i+1))                return 1;           l-=stick[i].lenth;           stick[i].mark=0;           if(l==0) return 0;           while(stick[i].lenth==stick[i+1].lenth)i++;        }   }   return 0;}int main(){        int T;        cin>>T;        while(T--)        {           scanf("%d",&n);           cnt=sum=0;           for(int i=0;i<n;i++)            {                scanf("%d",&stick[i].lenth);                sum+=stick[i].lenth;                stick[i].mark=0;            }           sort(stick,stick+n,cmp);           if(sum%4||n<4)           {               cout<<"no"<<endl;               continue;           }           cnt=sum/4;           if(dfs(cnt,0,0,0))           {               cout<<"yes"<<endl;           }           else           {               cout<<"no"<<endl;           }        }        return 0;}



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