WEB项目总结（二）开源验证码patcha引入

来源：互联网发布：手机gif修改软件编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/01 16:03

通常来说一个B/S项目基本都会用到验证码，用于用户登录或注册，以此提高项目的安全性，而目前仍存在一些网站的应用环境比较特殊，使用人群分部较广，所以需要考虑ie浏浏览器的兼容性，众所周知,ie一代比一代坑，9以下和9以上差异非常大，第三方验证码都很少有兼容ie9以下的。然而由于国情的特殊，仍然有一大部分人在使用ie8甚至更低版本的浏览器。所以我用了patcha，这是一款兼容ie7以上所有版本（7以下没做测试）的验证码jar包，接入非常方便，效果也不错。
首先，servlet中的代码

package org.captcha.servlet;import java.awt.Color;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.Properties;import java.util.Random;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;import org.patchca.color.ColorFactory;import org.patchca.color.SingleColorFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.CurvesRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.DiffuseRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.DoubleRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.MarbleRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.WobbleRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.service.ConfigurableCaptchaService;import org.patchca.utils.encoder.EncoderHelper;import org.patchca.word.RandomWordFactory;public class CaptchaServlet extends HttpServlet {private static final long serialVersionUID = 4968328161261528097L;private static ConfigurableCaptchaService cs = null;private static ColorFactory cf = null;private static RandomWordFactory wf = null;private static Random r = new Random();private static CurvesRippleFilterFactory crff = null;private static MarbleRippleFilterFactory mrff = null;private static DoubleRippleFilterFactory drff = null;private static WobbleRippleFilterFactory wrff = null;private static DiffuseRippleFilterFactory dirff = null;/**验证码字符串长度,默认4*/private static Integer randomCodeLength=4;/**验证码图片宽度,默认120*/private static  Integer randomCodeWidth=120;/**验证码图片高度,默认50*/private static Integer randomCodeHight=50;/**验证码样式 * 1 弯曲状 * 2 摇摆装 * 3 摇晃 * 4 散开 * 5 大理石 * 6 随机(默认) * */private static Integer randomCodeType=6;/**验证码session中Attribute的Name*/private static String randomCodeSessionAttributeName="PATCHCA";@Overridepublic void init() throws ServletException {    super.init();    cs = new ConfigurableCaptchaService();    cf = new SingleColorFactory(new Color(25, 60, 170));    wf = new RandomWordFactory();    crff = new CurvesRippleFilterFactory(cs.getColorFactory());    drff = new DoubleRippleFilterFactory();    wrff = new WobbleRippleFilterFactory();    dirff = new DiffuseRippleFilterFactory();    mrff = new MarbleRippleFilterFactory();    cs.setWordFactory(wf);    cs.setColorFactory(cf);    cs.setWidth(randomCodeWidth);    cs.setHeight(randomCodeHight);    randomCodeLength=Integer.valueOf(null==this.getInitParameter("randomCodeLength")?"4":this.getInitParameter("randomCodeLength"));    randomCodeWidth=Integer.valueOf(null==this.getInitParameter("randomCodeWidth")?"120":this.getInitParameter("randomCodeWidth"));    randomCodeHight=Integer.valueOf(null==this.getInitParameter("randomCodeHight")?"50":this.getInitParameter("randomCodeHight"));    randomCodeType=Integer.valueOf(null==this.getInitParameter("randomCodeType")?"6":this.getInitParameter("randomCodeType"));    randomCodeSessionAttributeName=null==this.getInitParameter("randomCodeSessionAttributeName")?"PATCHCA":this.getInitParameter("randomCodeSessionAttributeName");}@Overridepublic void destroy() {    wf = null;    cf = null;    cs = null;    super.destroy();}public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)    throws ServletException, IOException {    response.setContentType("image/png");    response.setHeader("cache", "no-cache");    wf.setMaxLength(randomCodeLength);    wf.setMinLength(randomCodeLength);    HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);    OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();    int typeCode=randomCodeType;    if(typeCode==6)    {        typeCode=r.nextInt(5);    }    //随机产生5种效果（filter）    switch (typeCode) {    case 1:        cs.setFilterFactory(crff);        break;    case 2:        cs.setFilterFactory(mrff);        break;    case 3:        cs.setFilterFactory(drff);        break;    case 4:        cs.setFilterFactory(wrff);        break;    case 5:        cs.setFilterFactory(dirff);        break;    default:        cs.setFilterFactory(crff);        break;    }    //这里可以生成彩色验证码/*  final Random random = new Random();     cs.setColorFactory(new SingleColorFactory(new Color(25, 60, 170)));     cs.setColorFactory(new ColorFactory() {         @Override         public Color getColor(int x) {             int[] c = new int[3];             int i = random.nextInt(c.length);             for (int fi = 0; fi < c.length; fi++) {                 if (fi == i) {                     c[fi] = random.nextInt(71);                 } else {                     c[fi] = random.nextInt(256);                 }             }             return new Color(c[0], c[1], c[2]);         }     });*/    String patchca= EncoderHelper.getChallangeAndWriteImage(cs, "png", os);    session.setAttribute(randomCodeSessionAttributeName, patchca);    os.flush();    os.close();    }}

web.xml中的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">  <display-name>patchattest</display-name>  <welcome-file-list>    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>  </welcome-file-list>  <servlet>        <servlet-name>patchca</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>org.captcha.servlet.CaptchaServlet</servlet-class>         <init-param><param-name>randomCodeType</param-name><param-value>3</param-value></init-param>    </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>patchca</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>/patchca.png</url-pattern></servlet-mapping></web-app>

jsp中的代码，注意点击事件后面跟的随机数，用于改变图片url防止浏览器缓存不清，点击时重点内容图片不变动。

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%String path = request.getContextPath();String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";%><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"><html>  <head>    <base href="<%=basePath%>">    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">        <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">    <!--    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">    -->  </head>  <body>    This is my JSP page. <br>    <table><tr><!-- patchca.png和servlet中的<url-pattern>对应 -->        <td><img src="patchca.png" alt="验证码" style="cursor:pointer;vertical-align:text-bottom;"                onclick="this.src=this.src+'?'+Math.random();"></td>        <td valign="top">            <form method="POST">                <br>                验证码:<input type="text" name="patchcafield">                <br />                <input type="submit" name="submit">            </form></td></tr></table>    <br /><br /><br /><br />  </body></html>

效果
普通效果

彩色效果

上面这种方式原生serlvlet的写法应该没人用了，现在都是用框架，这更加简单，不需要任何配置，这边用struts
action中的代码，action返回的结果是一个图片流，页面上直接用img标签可以接收到。

import java.awt.Color;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.util.Random;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;import org.patchca.color.ColorFactory;import org.patchca.color.SingleColorFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.CurvesRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.DiffuseRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.DoubleRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.MarbleRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.filter.predefined.WobbleRippleFilterFactory;import org.patchca.service.ConfigurableCaptchaService;import org.patchca.utils.encoder.EncoderHelper;import org.patchca.word.RandomWordFactory;import com.jshop.action.backstage.base.BaseTAction;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;@Namespace("/frontstage/buyers")@ParentPackage("jshop")public class CaptchaAction extends BaseTAction{    /**     *patchca验证码     *@author tang     */    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;    private static ConfigurableCaptchaService cs = null;    private static ColorFactory cf = null;    private static RandomWordFactory wf = null;    private static Random r = new Random();    private static CurvesRippleFilterFactory crff = null;    private static MarbleRippleFilterFactory mrff = null;    private static DoubleRippleFilterFactory drff = null;    private static WobbleRippleFilterFactory wrff = null;    private static DiffuseRippleFilterFactory dirff = null;    /**验证码字符串长度,默认4*/    private static Integer randomCodeLength=4;    /**验证码图片宽度,默认120*/    private static  Integer randomCodeWidth=120;    /**验证码图片高度,默认50*/    private static Integer randomCodeHight=50;    /**验证码样式     * 1 弯曲状     * 2 摇摆装     * 3 摇晃     * 4 散开     * 5 大理石     * 6 随机(默认)     * */    private static Integer randomCodeType=6;    /**验证码session中Attribute的Name*/    private static String randomCodeSessionAttributeName="PATCHCA";    /**     * 生成验证码     * @author tang     * @throws IOException      */    @Action("/getCaptcha")    public void getCaptcha(){        cs = new ConfigurableCaptchaService();        cf = new SingleColorFactory(new Color(25, 60, 170));        wf = new RandomWordFactory();        crff = new CurvesRippleFilterFactory(cs.getColorFactory());        drff = new DoubleRippleFilterFactory();        wrff = new WobbleRippleFilterFactory();        dirff = new DiffuseRippleFilterFactory();        mrff = new MarbleRippleFilterFactory();        cs.setWordFactory(wf);        cs.setColorFactory(cf);        cs.setWidth(randomCodeWidth);        cs.setHeight(randomCodeHight);        randomCodeLength=Integer.valueOf(randomCodeLength);        randomCodeWidth=Integer.valueOf(randomCodeWidth);        randomCodeHight=Integer.valueOf(randomCodeHight);        randomCodeType=Integer.valueOf(randomCodeType);        randomCodeSessionAttributeName=null==randomCodeSessionAttributeName?"PATCHCA":randomCodeSessionAttributeName;        HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();        response.setContentType("image/png");        response.setHeader("cache", "no-cache");        wf.setMaxLength(randomCodeLength);        wf.setMinLength(randomCodeLength);        OutputStream os;        try {            os = response.getOutputStream();            int typeCode=randomCodeType;            if(typeCode==6)            {                typeCode=r.nextInt(5);            }            //随机产生5种效果（filter）            switch (typeCode) {            case 1:                cs.setFilterFactory(crff);                break;            case 2:                cs.setFilterFactory(mrff);                break;            case 3:                cs.setFilterFactory(drff);                break;            case 4:                cs.setFilterFactory(wrff);                break;            case 5:                cs.setFilterFactory(dirff);                break;            default:                cs.setFilterFactory(crff);                break;            }            final Random random = new Random();             cs.setColorFactory(new SingleColorFactory(new Color(25, 60, 170)));             cs.setColorFactory(new ColorFactory() {                 @Override                 public Color getColor(int x) {                     int[] c = new int[3];                     int i = random.nextInt(c.length);                     for (int fi = 0; fi < c.length; fi++) {                         if (fi == i) {                             c[fi] = random.nextInt(71);                         } else {                             c[fi] = random.nextInt(256);                         }                     }                     return new Color(c[0], c[1], c[2]);                 }             });            String patchca= EncoderHelper.getChallangeAndWriteImage(cs, "png", os);            System.out.println(patchca);            if(os!=null){                os.close();            }                 ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put(randomCodeSessionAttributeName, patchca);            }catch(Exception e){            System.err.println("远程主机关闭了一个现有的链接");            }    }}

html代码

<img  id="patchca" src="getCaptcha.action" alt="验证码" style="cursor:pointer;vertical-align:text-bottom;"onclick="this.src=this.src+'?random='+Math.random();"/>

大小，颜色，样式都可以根据自己需要调整，用的都是awt下的Color类（好冷门的GUI的东西）
总结一下patcha的优点：全浏览器兼容、低依赖整合方便、安全性足够，响应速度很快。
用到的jar包，也是唯一的一个jar包
http://download.csdn.net/detail/qq_36289377/9887404

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