Python标准库--random,sys,time
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常用的Python标准库有好多,Python安装目录下的Lib文件夹里有这些标准库的源码。我的天啊,每一个源码文件都值得好好研究。
1 random
这里只用到了random模块中的randint()方法,可以得到0-100范围内的一个整数。然后,是一个猜数字的游戏。
import randomPC_guess = random.randint(0,100)print("Guess an int between 0-100")print('*'*50)counter = 0while True: counter = counter +1 user_guess = int(input("Enter your number:")) print('*'*50) if user_guess > PC_guess: print("Guess a lower number") elif user_guess < PC_guess: print("Guess a higher number") else: print("You got it!") breakprint('It\'s takes you ',counter,' times to get it. Good job.') RESTART: C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36-32/Guessing_Game.py Guess an int between 0-100**************************************************Enter your number:50**************************************************Guess a lower numberEnter your number:25**************************************************Guess a lower numberEnter your number:13**************************************************Guess a lower numberEnter your number:6**************************************************Guess a lower numberEnter your number:3**************************************************Guess a higher numberEnter your number:4**************************************************You got it!It's takes you 6 times to get it. Good job.
2 sys
sys — System-specific parameters and functions
sys 模块中常用的有argv(命令行参数)、stdin(标准输入流)、stdout(标准输出流)、stderr(标准错误流)方法。
2.1 argv
2.2 stdin,stdout,stderr
File objects used by the interpreter for standard input, output and errors: ○ stdin is used for all interactive input (including calls to input()); ○ stdout is used for the output of print() and expression statements and for the prompts of input(); ○ The interpreter’s own prompts and its error messages go to stderr.
https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html
3 time
time模块很有用啊,
>>> import time>>> time.time()1499153518.0803897 #从1970年1月1日算起>>> time.asctime<built-in function asctime>>>> time.asctime()'Tue Jul 4 15:42:40 2017'>>> now = (2017,7,4,15,46,30,2,0,0)>>> time.asctime(now)'Wed Jul 4 15:46:30 2017'>>> time.localtime()time.struct_time(tm_year=2017, tm_mon=7, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=15, tm_min=49, tm_sec=57, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=185, tm_isdst=0)>>> t = time.localtime()>>> yeat = t[0]>>> year = t[0]>>> month = t[1]>>> day = t[2]>>> year2017>>> day4>>> month7>>> print(day,'/',month,'/',year)4 / 7 / 2017>>> print(str(day) + '/' + str(month) + '/' + str(year))4/7/2017
time.time()方法可以用来计算一个程序的运行时间。
比如,把前面的质数生成器代码改写一下。
>>> import time>>> def prime_number(num1,num2): """Find all prime number between num1 and num2. Use prime_number(num1,num2) command to run it. When executed,it will return a list of prime numbers and the time used for executing the program. """ Prime_number = [] t1 = time.time() for i in range(num1,num2): j = 2 counter = 0 while j<i: if i%j == 0: counter = 1 j = j +1 else: j = j + 1 if counter == 0: Prime_number.append(i) else: counter = 0 t2 = time.time() detla_time = t2 - t1 msg = "Program Executing Time: " + str(detla_time) + 'seconds.' return Prime_number ,'/n',msg>>> prime_number(2,200)([2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199], '/n', 'Program Executing Time: 0.007000446319580078 seconds.')>>>
还有sleep()方法。
下面在for循环内加了time.sleep(0.5) 代码,程序总运行时间多了大概99s。
爬虫的时候会用到,有些网站会限制一定时间内的请求次数。
还没系统学习过爬虫,到时候要记着这个方法啊。
>>> import time>>> def prime_number(num1,num2): """Find all prime number between num1 and num2. Use prime_number(num1,num2) command to run it. When executed,it will return a list of prime numbers and the time used for executing the program. """ Prime_number = [] t1 = time.time() for i in range(num1,num2): time.sleep(0.5) # 休息0.5s再运行代码 j = 2 counter = 0 while j<i: if i%j == 0: counter = 1 j = j +1 else: j = j + 1 if counter == 0: Prime_number.append(i) else: counter = 0 t2 = time.time() detla_time = t2 - t1 msg = "Program Executing Time: " + str(detla_time) + ' seconds.' return Prime_number ,'/n',msg>>> prime_number(2,200)([2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 127, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, 167, 173, 179, 181, 191, 193, 197, 199], '/n', 'Program Executing Time: 99.23054504394531 seconds.')>>>
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