Oracle12c安装记录(centos6.5,命令行)

1、参考文章

1）http://blog.csdn.net/u010257584/article/details/509024722）http://blog.csdn.net/yabingshi_tech/article/details/46801539

2、安装环境

1）系统要求    内存最好有2G以上。    硬盘要求：        安装目录可用空间需要大于6.5G以上。        /tmp目录空间最少1G2）软件要求：    检查需要安装的RPM包是否都已安装：

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat 

根据上面结果安装所需的RPM包：

yum install xxx1 xxx2 xx3

确认是否安装上：

rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat 

3、创建用户

groupadd oinstallgroupadd opergroupadd dbauseradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle//修改密码passwd oracle

4、修改系统参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

添加：

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

运行sysctl -p应用以上参数
/sbin/sysctl -p

5、修改用户Limits

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
新增如下内容：

oracle soft nofile 65536oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft nproc 16384oracle hard nproc 16384oracle stack nproc 10240oracle stack nproc 10240

6、创建相关目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1  mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradatamkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_areamkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archlogchown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

7、配置环境变量

su - oracle vi .bash_profile

添加如下内容：

# Oracle SettingsCOLUMNS=132; export COLUMNSLINES=47; export LINESEDITOR=vi; export EDITORTMP=/tmp; export TMPTMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIRORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASEORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12c/db_1; export ORACLE_HOMEORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SIDSHLIB_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;export SHLIB_PATHNLS_LANG=American_America.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANGORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export ORA_NLS10TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;export TNS_ADMINORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERMPATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATHPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATHLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATHCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATHalias glance=/opt/perf/bin/glance:xalias gohome='cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0'alias cdb='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'alias cdu='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'

修改完用：source .bash_profile生效。

8、修改/etc/hosts

vi /etc/hosts
添加:
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx your_host_name

9、上传文件

将安装包上传到/home/oracle目录下并解压，我安装的版本是：oracle-12.1.0.2-linux-x86_64.zip。
解压命令：
unzip -d orainstall oracle-12.1.0.2-linux-x86_64.zip

10、 安装oracle - 新建静默安装的应答文件

su - oraclevi 12102db_install.rsp

内容：

######################################################################## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.                                  ####                                                                     #### Specify values for the variables listed below to customize                                        #### your installation.                                                             ####                                                                     #### Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment                                #### can help to populate the variables with the appropriate                                       #### values.                                                                 ####                                                                     #### IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and                               #### should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user                                  #### or db administrator who owns this installation.                                            ####                                                                     #########################################################################-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Do not change the following system generated value.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the installation option.# It can be one of the following:#   - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#   - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG#   - UPGRADE_DB#------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames# and network interfaces)#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ser6-51#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.# This is an optional parameter if installing on# Windows based Operating System.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.            ## en   : English                  ja   : Japanese                  # fr   : French                   ko   : Korean                   # ar   : Arabic                   es   : Latin American Spanish   # bn   : Bengali                  lv   : Latvian                  # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese     lt   : Lithuanian               # bg   : Bulgarian                ms   : Malay                    # fr_CA: Canadian French          es_MX: Mexican Spanish          # ca   : Catalan                  no   : Norwegian                # hr   : Croatian                 pl   : Polish                   # cs   : Czech                    pt   : Portuguese               # da   : Danish                   ro   : Romanian                 # nl   : Dutch                    ru   : Russian                  # ar_EG: Egyptian                 zh_CN: Simplified Chinese       # en_GB: English (Great Britain)  sk   : Slovak                   # et   : Estonian                 sl   : Slovenian                # fi   : Finnish                  es_ES: Spanish                   # de   : German                   sv   : Swedish                  # el   : Greek                    th   : Thai                     # iw   : Hebrew                   zh_TW: Traditional Chinese      # hu   : Hungarian                tr   : Turkish                  # is   : Icelandic                uk   : Ukrainian                # in   : Indonesian               vi   : Vietnamese               # it   : Italian                                                  ## all_langs   : All languages## Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja## Specify value as the following to select all the languages.# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the installation edition of the component.                    #                                                             # The value should contain only one of these choices.       #   - EE     : Enterprise Edition                               #   - SE     : Standard Edition                                 #   - SEONE  : Standard Edition One#   - PE     : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE##################################################################################                                                                                  ## PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS                                                ## ------------------------------------------                                                                         ## Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges                                        ## needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the                                           ## group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.                                            ##                                                                                  ## The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based                             ## Operating System.                                                                      ##                                                                                  #################################################################################------------------------------------------------------------------------------# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.#------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# The BACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSBACKUPDBA privileges.#------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# The DGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDGDBA privileges.#------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# The KMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSKMDBA privileges.#------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba#################################################################################                                                                              ##                        Database Configuration Options                               ##                                                                              ##################################################################################-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the type of database to create.# It can be one of the following:#   - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING                      #   - DATA_WAREHOUSE                               #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the Starter Database SID.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify whether the database should be configured as a Container database.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the  Pluggable Database name for the pluggable database in Container Database.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the Starter Database character set.#                                               #  One of the following#  AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,#  EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,#  BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,#  AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,#  IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,#  KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,#  ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management# in Database is desired.# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation# is to be done manually, then set it to false.#------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available# on the system.# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=##################################################################################                                                                                  ## Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the                                                       ## starter database:                                                                                                                                      ##   SYS                                                                            ##   SYSTEM                                                                        ##   DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager)                                                   ##                                                                                  ## Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended)                                                     ## or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended)                                     ##                                                                                  ###################################################################################------------------------------------------------------------------------------# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the# starter database.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the PDBADMIN password required for creation of Pluggable Database in the Container Database.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure# Security Updates, false otherwise.## The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed# to be false.## Example    : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false#------------------------------------------------------------------------------DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:#   - MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD#   - OFFLINE_UPDATES#   - SKIP_UPDATES#------------------------------------------------------------------------------oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES

11、静默安装软件

chmod 777 /home/oracle/orainstall/runInstallerchmod 777 /home/oracle/orainstall/install/.ouichmod 777 /home/oracle/orainstall/install/unzipsu - oraclecd /home/oracle/orainstall./runInstaller  -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/12102db_install.rsp

如果提示不能访问临时目录，执行如下命令后，再重新执行runInstaller。

chmod 777 /tmp/CVU_12.1.0.2.0_oracle/*

执行完成安装命令后会立即返回，可以使用tail -f 安装日志，查看安装进度，安装完成的话会让执行两个命令：
使用root执行：

sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh sh /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/root.sh 

如果想重新安装：

rm -rf /u01/app/oraInventorycd $ORACLE_HOMErm *

12、建库

建响应文件：

vi /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

内容：

[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.2.0"OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"[CREATEDATABASE]GDBNAME = "orcl"SID = "orcl"TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt"SYSPASSWORD = "orcl"SYSTEMPASSWORD = "orcl"SYSMANPASSWORD = "orcl"DBSNMPPASSWORD = "orcl"DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata"STORAGETYPE=FSCHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE"AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"

执行：

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp

export ORACLE_SID=orclsqlplus / as sysdba

进入sqlplus后执行，结果应显示OPEN。

select status from v$instance;

13、配监听

vi 12102_netca.rsp

内容：

[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.1"CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Name       : SHOW_GUI# Datatype   : Boolean# Description: This variable controls appearance/suppression of the NetCA GUI,# Pre-req    : N/A# Default    : TRUE# Note:# This must be set to false in order to run NetCA in silent mode.# This is a substitute of "/silent" flag in the NetCA command line.# The command line flag has precedence over the one in this response file.# This feature is present since 10.1.0.3.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------#SHOW_GUI=false#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------# Name       : LOG_FILE# Datatype   : String# Description: If present, NetCA will log output to this file in addition to the#              standard out.# Pre-req    : N/A# Default    : NONE# Note:#      This is a substitute of "/log" in the NetCA command line.# The command line argument has precedence over the one in this response file.# This feature is present since 10.1.0.3.#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------#LOG_FILE=""/oracle12cHome/network/tools/log/netca.log""[oracle.net.ca]#INSTALLED_COMPONENTS;StringList;list of installed components# The possible values for installed components are:# "net8","server","client","aso", "cman", "javavm"INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}#INSTALL_TYPE;String;type of install# The possible values for install type are:# "typical","minimal" or "custom"INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""#LISTENER_NUMBER;Number;Number of Listeners# A typical install sets one listenerLISTENER_NUMBER=1#LISTENER_NAMES;StringList;list of listener names# The values for listener are:# "LISTENER","LISTENER1","LISTENER2","LISTENER3", ...# A typical install sets only "LISTENER"LISTENER_NAMES="LISTENER"#LISTENER_PROTOCOLS;StringList;list of listener addresses (protocols and parameters separated by semicolons)# The possible values for listener protocols are:# "TCP;1521","TCPS;2484","NMP;ORAPIPE","IPC;IPCKEY","VI;1521"# A typical install sets only "TCP;1521"LISTENER_PROTOCOLS="TCP;1521"#LISTENER_START;String;name of the listener to start, in double quotesLISTENER_START=""LISTENER""#NAMING_METHODS;StringList;list of naming methods# The possible values for naming methods are:# LDAP, TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME, NOVELL, NIS, DCE# A typical install sets only: "TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAMES"# or "LDAP","TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAMES" for LDAPNAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}#NOVELL_NAMECONTEXT;String;Novell Directory Service name context, in double quotes# A typical install does not use this variable.#NOVELL_NAMECONTEXT = ""NAMCONTEXT""#SUN_METAMAP;String; SUN meta map, in double quotes# A typical install does not use this variable.#SUN_METAMAP = ""MAP""#DCE_CELLNAME;String;DCE cell name, in double quotes# A typical install does not use this variable.#DCE_CELLNAME = ""CELL""#NSN_NUMBER;Number;Number of NetService Names# A typical install sets one net service nameNSN_NUMBER=1#NSN_NAMES;StringList;list of Net Service names# A typical install sets net service name to "EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"NSN_NAMES="EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"#NSN_SERVICE;StringList;Oracle12c database's service name# A typical install sets Oracle12c database's service name to "PLSExtProc"NSN_SERVICE="PLSExtProc"

执行：
netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/12102_netca.rsp

14、设置开机启动

执行：
/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart
假如执行/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart报错：

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net ListenerUsage: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME

修改dbstart文件，将
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
修改为
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

修改/etc/oratab：
添加：

orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1:Y

修改/etc/rc.d/rc.local
添加一行：
su oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart

/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/dbhome_1为oracle的安装目录，要根据实际情况进行修改。

vim /etc/oratab
将
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1:Y
中的“N”改为“Y”

15、重启

使用plsql连接确认是否能连接成功，sys账号密码orcl