mysql-5.5.56版本（二进制包安装）-自定义安装路径

安装路径：/application/mysql-5.5.56

1.前期准备

mysql依赖

libaio

yum install -y libaio

创建用户mysql，以该用户的身份执行mysql

useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql

下载mysql二进制包并解压

cd /tools

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

tar -zxf mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/

切换到/application目录，将mysql文件夹名改短,给mysql目录做一个软链接

cd /application/

mv mysql-5.5.56-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.5.56

ln -s mysql-5.5.56/ mysql

递归设置mysql目录的所属组和所属用户

chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.5.56/

 

2.mysql目录内操作

cd mysql

初始化数据库

会在mysql目录内生成一个data目录，存放数据库的目录

./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

更改所属用户和组

chown -R root .

chown -R mysql data

除了mysql目录下的data目录所属用户不变，其他所有文件的所属用户改为root

拷贝配置文件

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

将mysql的配置文件拷贝为/etc/目录下的my.cnf

修改配置文件

sed -i 28i'log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.error' /etc/my.cnf

在配置文件插入了一行，进行配置错误日志

/etc/my.cnf Content:

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.

#

# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays

# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with

# other programs (such as a web server)

#

# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of

# locations which depend on the deployment platform.

# You can copy this option file to one of those

# locations. For information about these locations, see:

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html

#

# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.

# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program

# with the "--help" option.

 

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients

[client]

#password       = your_password

port            = 3306

socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock

 

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

 

# The MySQL server

[mysqld]

port            = 3306

log-error=/application/mysql/data/mysqld.error

socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 16M

max_allowed_packet = 1M

table_open_cache = 64

sort_buffer_size = 512K

net_buffer_length = 8K

read_buffer_size = 256K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

 

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,

# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.

# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.

# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows

# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!

#

#skip-networking

 

# Replication Master Server (default)

# binary logging is required for replication

log-bin=mysql-bin

 

# binary logging format - mixed recommended

binlog_format=mixed

 

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1

# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set

# but will not function as a master if omitted

server-id       = 1

 

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)

#

# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between

# two methods :

#

# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -

#    the syntax is:

#

#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,

#    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;

#

#    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and

#    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).

#

#    Example:

#

#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,

#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';

#

# OR

#

# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then

#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example

#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to

#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later

#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and

#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown

#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.

#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched

#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)

#

# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1

# (and different from the master)

# defaults to 2 if master-host is set

# but will not function as a slave if omitted

#server-id       = 2

#

# The replication master for this slave - required

#master-host     =   <hostname>

#

# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting

# to the master - required

#master-user     =   <username>

#

# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to

# the master - required

#master-password =   <password>

#

# The port the master is listening on.

# optional - defaults to 3306

#master-port     =  <port>

#

# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended

#log-bin=mysql-bin

 

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables

#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data

#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data

# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %

# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high

#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M

#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M

# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size

#innodb_log_file_size = 5M

#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M

#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

 

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

 

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL

#safe-updates

 

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 20M

sort_buffer_size = 20M

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

 

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

拷贝启动程序

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

将mysql的启动程序拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下，以便启动程序

编辑启动文件，配置启动目录

方法一：

思路是给配置文件提供的变量进行赋值。较麻烦。

sed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/basedir=\ndatadir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql\ndatadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

sed -i ':a;N;$!ba;s/mysqld_pid_file_path=\n/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysqld.pid\n/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

等价于将45、46两行

basedir=

datadir=

mysqld_pid_file_path=

替换成

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/application/mysql/data

mysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid

 

方法二（推荐）：

思路是将脚本的默认地址（/usr/local/mysql）直接替换成自定义路径（/application/mysql），便不用给变量赋值

sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql

 

到这里mysql安装完成可以正常启动

 

 

3.后期结尾

命令创建软链接

将mysql命令创建软链接到环境变量的目录，使用户可以在变量找到相应的命令

ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin

设置与修改密码

第一次设置密码：

mysqladmin -u'<User>' password '<PassWord>'

例子：

mysqladmin -u'root' password 'PassWord'

 

往后修改密码：

mysqladmin -u'<User>' -p'<OldPassWord>' password '<NewPassWord>'

例子：

mysqladmin -u'root' -p'PassWord' password 'NewPassWord'

登录mysql

$ mysql -u'root' -p'PassWord'

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

...

mysql>  #成功登陆到mysql控制台

 

 

$ mysql -uroot -pPassWord

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

...

mysql>  #成功登陆到mysql控制台

 

 

$ mysql -u'root' -p

Enter password:  #这里输入用户的密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

...

mysql>  #成功登陆到mysql控制台

 

 

$ mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:  #这里输入用户的密码

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

...

mysql>  #成功登陆到mysql控制台

键入quit或Ctrl + d退出mysql环境

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@www mysql]#

or

mysql> ^DBye

[root@www mysql]#

 

 

4.常用命令

进入mysql

mysql -u'root' -p'PassWord'

mysql -uroot -pPassWord

 

mysql -u'root' -p

mysql -uroot -p

启动mysql

service mysql start

停止mysql

service mysql stop

重启mysql

service mysql restart