SSM框架的简单汇总笔记
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spring 的注解:
@Component 组件注解,代表一般组件 ( @Named 通用注解) @Repository 持久化组件的注解 @Service 业务层注解 @Controller 控制层注解 @Scope("prototype") 作用域 ,默认是singleton @PostConstruct 初始化回调注释 @PreDestroy 销毁回调 @Resource 自动注入
配置文件中的依赖注入(ref)
<bean id="c3p0DataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/wjh"/> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> </bean> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="c3p0DataSource"/> </bean>
静态工厂和实例工厂
1.静态工厂
<bean id="userService" factory-method="getUserService" class="factory.StaticFactory" />
2.实例工厂
<bean id="beanFactory" class="factory.BeanFactory"/> <bean id="userService" factory-method="getUserService" factory-bean="beanFactory"/>
指定依赖注入
@Autowired public void setName( @Qualifier("name") String name){ //name不能可以省略 Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); logger.warn(name); } @Autowired public void setName( String name){ this.name = name; } <bean id="name" class="java.lang.String"> <constructor-arg value="王建杭"/> </bean> @Resource //也可以直接放在属性上面 public void setDao(DemoDao demoDao){ this.demoDao = demoDao; } @Resource(name="demoDao") public void setDao(DemoDao demoDao){ this.demoDao = demoDao; }
@Resource只支持单个项目,不支持聚合项目
构造方法注入
@Autowired public Demo( @Qualifier("b") String a,@Qualifier("b") String b) { System.out.println(a); System.out.println(b); }
自动注入,找demoDao的id
//id是demoDao @Repository public class DemoDao { //id是demo @Repository("demo") public class DemoDao {
引入配置文件,动态配置属性
<!-- 引入外部文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:user.properties" />user.properties age=18 name=jackUser.java @Value("${age}") private Integer age; @Value("${name}") private String name;###工具类的使用 <util:list id="list"> <value>1</value> <value>2</value> <value>3</value> </util:list> @Value("#{@list}") private List<Object> list;
spring-mvc四大组件
1.前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
作用 :负责request对象和response对象的转发和响应。
2.处理映射器
匹配处理请求的类,交个给前端控制器。
3.处理器适配器
调用适当的处理器去执行请求
4.视图解析器
根据返回的页面名称为其拼接真实的路径
web.xml配置
<!-- springMVC servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- spring mvc 乱码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
spring-mvc.xml配置文件:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd"> <!-- 包扫描器 --> <context:component-scan base-package="spring"/> <!-- 视图转发器 前缀是 /jsp/ 后缀是 .jsp --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!-- 登陆检测,拦截器 ,过滤器的子类--> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/article/*"/> <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/user/*"/> <bean class="interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors> <!-- 上传组件 --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10240" /> <property name="resolveLazily" value="true" /> </bean> <!-- 开启注解映射 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!-- 配置文件中配置 url映射,不建议使用 <bean id="helloController" class="spring.controller.HelloWorldController"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> <property name="mappings"> <props> <prop key="/hello.html">helloController</prop> </props> </property> </bean> --> </beans>###spring mvc 加载多个配置文件 <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> /WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext-*.xml, classpath:applicationContext-*.xml </param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
控制器的配置
package spring.controller; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("/user")//这种方法忽略后缀 public class UserController { //控制器,/user是映射路径 @RequestMapping("/login") //此方法的映射路径是 /user/login public void login(HttpServletResponse res) throws IOException{ res.getWriter().println("login~"); } @RequestMapping("/login") //注入参数 public void login(@RequestParam("id") int id) throws IOException{ res.getWriter().println("login~"); } } //转发到/jsp/test.jsp @RequestMapping(value="/test") public String test(HttpServletRequest req){ return "test"; } //重定向 到/jsp/test.jsp @RequestMapping(value="/test2") public String test2(){ return "redirect:test"; } //接收一个model @RequestMapping("/test2") public String test2(Model model){ model.addAttribute("msg", "hello"); return "redirect:/user/test.do"; }
model内的数据以get方式提交过去
拦截器的配置
spring-mvc.xml 配置
<!-- 登陆检测,拦截器 ,过滤器的子类--> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/article/*"/> <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/user/*"/> <bean class="interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
代码如下:
package interceptor; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res, Object handler, ModelAndView mv) throws Exception { } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res, Object handler) throws Exception { /* HttpSession session = req.getSession(); String loginId = (String) session.getAttribute("loginId"); if(loginId == null){ return false; } return true;*/ return true; } }
异常处理
@ExceptionHandler //异常处理的注解,如果在一个控制器中只针对这个控制器抛出的异常有效 public String doException(MaxUploadSizeExceededException ex,Model model){ model.addAttribute("message", "文件应该要小于"+ex.getMaxUploadSize()+"字节"); return "upload/upload"; }
多个异常的处理
@ExceptionHandler({MaxUploadSizeExceededException.class,NumberFormatException.class}) @ResponseBody public String doException(Exception ex,Model model){ //model.addAttribute("message", "文件应该要小于"+ex.getMaxUploadSize()+"字节"); return ex.getClass().toString(); }
全局异常处理
package spring.global; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler; @ControllerAdvice //这个类中的ExceptionHandler会捕获所有控制器抛出的异常 public class GlobalHandler{ private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) public String doException(Exception ex){ logger.error(ex.getMessage(),ex); return "error/exception"; } }
@ControllerAdvice 注解
- 通过@ControllerAdvice注解可以将对于控制器的全局配置放在同一个位置。
- 注解了@Controller的类的方法可以使用@ExceptionHandler、@InitBinder、@ModelAttribute注解到方法上。
- @ControllerAdvice注解将作用在所有注解了@RequestMapping的控制器的方法上
- @ExceptionHandler:用于全局处理控制器里的异常。
- @InitBinder:用来设置WebDataBinder,用于自动绑定前台请求参数到Model中。
- @ModelAttribute:本来作用是绑定键值对到Model中,此处让全局的@RequestMapping都能获得在此处设置的键值对。
代码:
@ControllerAdvice public class AdviceControlller { private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); //异常处理 @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) public String doException(Exception ex){ logger.error(ex.getMessage(),ex); return "error/exception"; } //参数转换 @InitBinder public void InitBinder (ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor( java.util.Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); } }@ModelAttribute 的使用 @ModelAttribute public void populateModel(@RequestParam String abc, Model model) { model.addAttribute("attributeName", abc); } @ModelAttribute("attributeName") public String addAccount(@RequestParam String abc) { return abc; } public String test1(@ModelAttribute("user") UserModel user)
log4j的整合
log4j.properties文件内容(在控制台打印输出的配置):
log4j.rootLogger=all,console log4j.appender.console.threshold=warn log4j.appender.console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.console.target=System.err log4j.appender.console.immediateFlush=true log4j.appender.console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}-[%p]-[%l]:%m%n #log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}-[%c]-[%p]-[%l]:%m%n
在web.xml中:
<!-- log4j配置 , --> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/props/log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 6秒扫描一次配置文件的改动,会导致log4j无法关闭[FileWatchdog]线程 --> <context-param> <param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name> <param-value>6000</param-value> </context-param> <!-- log4j 监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener>
log4j的使用
Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); logger.warn("log4j输出");
控制台打印示例:2017-05-26 10:14:53-[WARN]-[spring.controller.GlobalController.do404(GlobalController.java:18)]:log4j输出
文件上传:
在springmvc.xml中
<!-- 上传组件 --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10240" /> //最大1024个字节 <property name="resolveLazily" value="true" /> //懒汉式加载,可进行异常获取 </bean>
在程序中:
@RequestMapping("/upload") public String upload(MultipartFile file, //当文件上传时 用数组接收即可 (MultipartFile[] file) HttpServletRequest res,ModelMap model) throws IOException{ if(file == null){ model.addAttribute("message", "文件为空"); return "/upload/upload"; } String path = res.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("upload"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); File uploadFile = new File(path,fileName); file.transferTo(uploadFile); model.addAttribute("fileName", fileName); return "/upload/res"; }
当上传的文件大于配置的字节时,需要配置一个异常处理方法
@ExceptionHandler public String doException(MaxUploadSizeExceededException ex,Model model){ model.addAttribute("message", "文件应该要小于"+ex.getMaxUploadSize()+"字节"); return "upload/upload"; }
404错误的处理的解决方法,配置一个通配的控制器
package spring.controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("**")//通配控制器,匹配所有的匹配不上其他映射路径的路径(一个*代表一层路径,**代表多层路径) public class AlllController { @RequestMapping("")//默认匹配 public String do404(HttpServletRequest req,Model model){ model.addAttribute("url", req.getRequestURL()); Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); logger.warn("log4j输出"); return "error/404"; } }
定义一个异常:可以指定状态,前提是这个异常不能被捕获,这个需要被抛给服务器
@ResponseStatus(value=HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND,reason="demoException") public class DemoException extends RuntimeException {
不转发jsp,直接输出字符串
@RequestMapping(value="/other",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8") @ResponseBody //浏览器收到"other"字符串 public String other(){ Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); logger.warn("other"); return "other"; } @RequestMapping(value="/other",produces="text/html;charset=UTF-8") @ResponseBody //浏览器收到"other"字符串 public void other(){ Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); logger.warn("other"); res.getWriter().print("abc"); }
关于json的配置和使用
需要2个jar包 :
- jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar
- jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar
@RequestMapping(value="a" ,produces="application/json;charset=UTF-8") public @ResponseBody User a() { User user = new User(); user.setAge(11); user.setName("小红"); return user; }
produces:请求的是json,并且以json为后缀,浏览器以.html为后缀中会接收text/html类型
在web.xml中需要配置2个映射
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/server/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> function send(){ $.ajax({ "url" : "server/hello/a.json", "contentType":"application/json;charset=UTF-8", "async" : true, "type" : "POST", "success" : function(result){ var name = result.name; $("#msg").html("<font style='color:red'>"+name+"</font>") } }); }
springMVC4.2的不支持1.x的jackson的,会报HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException:Could not find acceptable representation
没有匹配类型,其实是使用了MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class类,这个类支持2.x的jackson,只能使用3.2的spring
jackson 1.x jar包
- jackson-mapper-asl-1.9.13.jar
- jackson-core-asl-1.9.13.jar6
spring-mvc 4.2 可以使用下面的扩展包
jackson2.x用下面的包
- jackson-annotations-2.4.0.jar
- jackson-core-2.4.2.jar
- jackson-databind-2.4.2.jar
REST(RESTful)概念
可提高伸缩性,降低耦合度便于分布式处理程序
RESTful 规范:
http://localhost:8080/web/delUser/1234
http://localhost:8080/web/orders/2017/06/18434
- POST: Create Delete Update
- GET:Read
- PUT:Update Create
DELETE:Delete
/blog/1 http GET => 查询id=1的blog
- /blog/1 http DELETE => 查删除id=1的blog
- /blog/1 http PUT => 更新 id=1的blog
- /blog/add http POST => 新增blog
spring对REST的支持
- @RequestMapping 指定要处理请求的URI方法和HTTP的请求动作
- @PathVariable 将URI中请求模板中的变量映射到处理方法的参数上
- 利用Ajax,可以在浏览器中发送PUT和Delete的请求
在控制器中
@RequestMapping("/rest/{id}") public @ResponseBody String rest(@PathVariable int id){ logger.info(id); return "rest"; }
指定方法和指定path参数名
@RequestMapping(value="/rest/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public @ResponseBody String rest(@PathVariable("id") int i){ logger.info(i); return "rest"; }
静态资源的访问控制
<!-- 静态资源访问 --> <mvc:resources location="/jsp/" mapping="/jsp/*"/> <mvc:resources location="/image/" mapping="/image/*"/> <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/*"/> <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/*"/> <!--默认的资源访问控制--> <!-- <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> -->
自动封装javaBean
@RequestMapping("/addUser") public @ResponseBody String addUser(User user){ //logger.info(user); if(user != null) return user.toString(); return "user is null"; } <form action="demo/addUser" method="post"> <input type="text" name="email" value="293@qq.com" > <input type="text" name="password" value="123"> <input type="text" name="nickname" value="jack"> <input type="submit" value="注册" > </form>
多个javaBean封装
@RequestMapping("/addUser") public @ResponseBody String addUser(User user,UserInfo info){ //logger.info(user); if(user == null) return "user is null"; if(info == null) return "info is null"; return user.toString()+"|"+info.toString(); } <form action="demo/addUser" method="post"> <input type="text" name="email" value="293@qq.com" > <input type="text" name="password" value="123"> <input type="text" name="nickname" value="jack"> <input type="text" name="age" value="18"> <input type="text" name="sex" value="man"> <input type="submit" value="注册" > </form>
- html中提交的字段会自动封装成User实体对象,自动匹配属性,没有的值则为空
- 也可以直接注入User实体对象的引用,如:name=”type.name”就可以为user中的type对象的name进行注入
- 封装对象会被放入model中,转发到页面中可以直接使用之前提交过去的数据,如:
代码如下:
<input type="text" name="email" value="${user.email}" >//user不可省略 <input type="text" name="type.name" value="${user.type.name}" >
传递参数的类型转换
@InitBinder public void InitBinder (ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor( java.util.Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); }
spring的测试方法
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationTest.xml") public class Demo { @Resource private TestDao testDao; @Test public void demo1() { testDao.print(); } }
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