kvm基础使用及Virt-tools工具使用

kvm基础使用

• 查看虚拟机状态

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh list --all Id    Name                           State---------------------------------------------------- 1     kvm-1                          running 2     kvm-2                          running

• 启动虚拟机kvm-1

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh start kvm-1

• 连接虚拟机kvm-1

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh console kvm-1  # 按住Ctrl+]退出虚拟机kvm-1

• 停止虚拟机

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh shutdown kvm-1[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh destroy kvm-1

• 设置虚拟机自启

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh autostart kvm-1[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh autostart --disable kvm-1  # 禁止虚拟机kvm-1自启

• 查看virsh帮助

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh --helpvirsh [options]... [<command_string>]virsh [options]... <command> [args...]  options:    -c | --connect=URI      hypervisor connection URI    -r | --readonly         connect readonly    -d | --debug=NUM        debug level [0-4]    -h | --help             this help    -q | --quiet            quiet mode    -t | --timing           print timing information    -l | --log=FILE         output logging to file    -v                      short version    -V                      long version         --version[=TYPE]   version, TYPE is short or long (default short)    -e | --escape <char>    set escape sequence for console  commands (non interactive mode): Domain Management (help keyword 'domain')    attach-device                  attach device from an XML file    attach-disk                    attach disk device    attach-interface               attach network interface    autostart                      autostart a domain    blkdeviotune                   Set or query a block device I/O tuning parameters.    blkiotune                      Get or set blkio parameters    blockcommit                    Start a block commit operation.    blockcopy                      Start a block copy operation.    blockjob                       Manage active block operations    blockpull                      Populate a disk from its backing image.    blockresize                    Resize block device of domain.    change-media                   Change media of CD or floppy drive    console                        connect to the guest console    cpu-baseline                   compute baseline CPU    cpu-compare                    compare host CPU with a CPU described by an XML file    cpu-stats                      show domain cpu statistics    create                         create a domain from an XML file    define                         define (but don't start) a domain from an XML file    desc                           show or set domain's description or title    destroy                        destroy (stop) a domain    detach-device                  detach device from an XML file    detach-disk                    detach disk device    detach-interface               detach network interface    domdisplay                     domain display connection URI    domhostname                    print the domain's hostname    domid                          convert a domain name or UUID to domain id    domif-setlink                  set link state of a virtual interface    domiftune                      get/set parameters of a virtual interface    domjobabort                    abort active domain job    domjobinfo                     domain job information    domname                        convert a domain id or UUID to domain name    dompmsuspend                   suspend a domain gracefully using power management functions    dompmwakeup                    wakeup a domain from pmsuspended state    domuuid                        convert a domain name or id to domain UUID    domxml-from-native             Convert native config to domain XML    domxml-to-native               Convert domain XML to native config    dump                           dump the core of a domain to a file for analysis    dumpxml                        domain information in XML    edit                           edit XML configuration for a domain    inject-nmi                     Inject NMI to the guest    send-key                       Send keycodes to the guest    managedsave                    managed save of a domain state    managedsave-remove             Remove managed save of a domain    maxvcpus                       connection vcpu maximum    memtune                        Get or set memory parameters    migrate                        migrate domain to another host    migrate-setmaxdowntime         set maximum tolerable downtime    migrate-setspeed               Set the maximum migration bandwidth    migrate-getspeed               Get the maximum migration bandwidth    numatune                       Get or set numa parameters    reboot                         reboot a domain    reset                          reset a domain    restore                        restore a domain from a saved state in a file    resume                         resume a domain    save                           save a domain state to a file    save-image-define              redefine the XML for a domain's saved state file    save-image-dumpxml             saved state domain information in XML    save-image-edit                edit XML for a domain's saved state file    schedinfo                      show/set scheduler parameters    screenshot                     take a screenshot of a current domain console and store it into a file    setmaxmem                      change maximum memory limit    setmem                         change memory allocation    setvcpus                       change number of virtual CPUs    shutdown                       gracefully shutdown a domain    start                          start a (previously defined) inactive domain    suspend                        suspend a domain    ttyconsole                     tty console    undefine                       undefine a domain    update-device                  update device from an XML file    vcpucount                      domain vcpu counts    vcpuinfo                       detailed domain vcpu information    vcpupin                        control or query domain vcpu affinity    emulatorpin                    control or query domain emulator affinity    vncdisplay                     vnc display Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor')    domblkerror                    Show errors on block devices    domblkinfo                     domain block device size information    domblklist                     list all domain blocks    domblkstat                     get device block stats for a domain    domcontrol                     domain control interface state    domif-getlink                  get link state of a virtual interface    domiflist                      list all domain virtual interfaces    domifstat                      get network interface stats for a domain    dominfo                        domain information    dommemstat                     get memory statistics for a domain    domstate                       domain state    list                           list domains Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host')    capabilities                   capabilities    freecell                       NUMA free memory    hostname                       print the hypervisor hostname    node-memory-tune               Get or set node memory parameters    nodecpustats                   Prints cpu stats of the node.    nodeinfo                       node information    nodememstats                   Prints memory stats of the node.    nodesuspend                    suspend the host node for a given time duration    qemu-attach                    QEMU Attach    qemu-monitor-command           QEMU Monitor Command    qemu-agent-command             QEMU Guest Agent Command    sysinfo                        print the hypervisor sysinfo    uri                            print the hypervisor canonical URI    version                        show version Interface (help keyword 'interface')    iface-begin                    create a snapshot of current interfaces settings, which can be later committed (iface-commit) or restored (iface-rollback)    iface-bridge                   create a bridge device and attach an existing network device to it    iface-commit                   commit changes made since iface-begin and free restore point    iface-define                   define (but don't start) a physical host interface from an XML file    iface-destroy                  destroy a physical host interface (disable it / "if-down")    iface-dumpxml                  interface information in XML    iface-edit                     edit XML configuration for a physical host interface    iface-list                     list physical host interfaces    iface-mac                      convert an interface name to interface MAC address    iface-name                     convert an interface MAC address to interface name    iface-rollback                 rollback to previous saved configuration created via iface-begin    iface-start                    start a physical host interface (enable it / "if-up")    iface-unbridge                 undefine a bridge device after detaching its slave device    iface-undefine                 undefine a physical host interface (remove it from configuration) Network Filter (help keyword 'filter')    nwfilter-define                define or update a network filter from an XML file    nwfilter-dumpxml               network filter information in XML    nwfilter-edit                  edit XML configuration for a network filter    nwfilter-list                  list network filters    nwfilter-undefine              undefine a network filter Networking (help keyword 'network')    net-autostart                  autostart a network    net-create                     create a network from an XML file    net-define                     define (but don't start) a network from an XML file    net-destroy                    destroy (stop) a network    net-dumpxml                    network information in XML    net-edit                       edit XML configuration for a network    net-info                       network information    net-list                       list networks    net-name                       convert a network UUID to network name    net-start                      start a (previously defined) inactive network    net-undefine                   undefine an inactive network    net-update                     update parts of an existing network's configuration    net-uuid                       convert a network name to network UUID Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev')    nodedev-create                 create a device defined by an XML file on the node    nodedev-destroy                destroy (stop) a device on the node    nodedev-detach                 detach node device from its device driver    nodedev-dumpxml                node device details in XML    nodedev-list                   enumerate devices on this host    nodedev-reattach               reattach node device to its device driver    nodedev-reset                  reset node device Secret (help keyword 'secret')    secret-define                  define or modify a secret from an XML file    secret-dumpxml                 secret attributes in XML    secret-get-value               Output a secret value    secret-list                    list secrets    secret-set-value               set a secret value    secret-undefine                undefine a secret Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot')    snapshot-create                Create a snapshot from XML    snapshot-create-as             Create a snapshot from a set of args    snapshot-current               Get or set the current snapshot    snapshot-delete                Delete a domain snapshot    snapshot-dumpxml               Dump XML for a domain snapshot    snapshot-edit                  edit XML for a snapshot    snapshot-info                  snapshot information    snapshot-list                  List snapshots for a domain    snapshot-parent                Get the name of the parent of a snapshot    snapshot-revert                Revert a domain to a snapshot Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool')    find-storage-pool-sources-as   find potential storage pool sources    find-storage-pool-sources      discover potential storage pool sources    pool-autostart                 autostart a pool    pool-build                     build a pool    pool-create-as                 create a pool from a set of args    pool-create                    create a pool from an XML file    pool-define-as                 define a pool from a set of args    pool-define                    define (but don't start) a pool from an XML file    pool-delete                    delete a pool    pool-destroy                   destroy (stop) a pool    pool-dumpxml                   pool information in XML    pool-edit                      edit XML configuration for a storage pool    pool-info                      storage pool information    pool-list                      list pools    pool-name                      convert a pool UUID to pool name    pool-refresh                   refresh a pool    pool-start                     start a (previously defined) inactive pool    pool-undefine                  undefine an inactive pool    pool-uuid                      convert a pool name to pool UUID Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume')    vol-clone                      clone a volume.    vol-create-as                  create a volume from a set of args    vol-create                     create a vol from an XML file    vol-create-from                create a vol, using another volume as input    vol-delete                     delete a vol    vol-download                   download volume contents to a file    vol-dumpxml                    vol information in XML    vol-info                       storage vol information    vol-key                        returns the volume key for a given volume name or path    vol-list                       list vols    vol-name                       returns the volume name for a given volume key or path    vol-path                       returns the volume path for a given volume name or key    vol-pool                       returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path    vol-resize                     resize a vol    vol-upload                     upload file contents to a volume    vol-wipe                       wipe a vol Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh')    cd                             change the current directory    connect                        (re)connect to hypervisor    echo                           echo arguments    exit                           quit this interactive terminal    help                           print help    pwd                            print the current directory    quit                           quit this interactive terminal  (specify help <group> for details about the commands in the group)  (specify help <command> for details about the command)

KVM 管理工具Virt-Tools

• 安装Virt-Tools

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# yum -y install libguestfs-tools virt-top

• 查看虚拟机文件

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virt-ls -l -d kvm-1 /roottotal 48dr-xr-x---.  2 root root 4096 Jul  6 20:02 .dr-xr-xr-x. 22 root root 4096 Jul  6 21:40 ..-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   18 May 20  2009 .bash_logout-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 May 20  2009 .bash_profile-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 Sep 23  2004 .bashrc-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  100 Sep 23  2004 .cshrc-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  129 Dec  3  2004 .tcshrc-rw-------.  1 root root 1294 Jul  6 20:02 anaconda-ks.cfg-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 9919 Jul  6 20:02 install.log-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 3091 Jul  6 20:00 install.log.syslog#[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virt-cat -d kvm-1 /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bashbin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologindaemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologinadm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdownhalt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/haltmail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologinuucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologinoperator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologingames:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologingopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologinnobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologinvcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologinsaslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologinpostfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologinsshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

• 显示虚拟机硬盘使用情况

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virt-df -d kvm-1Filesystem                           1K-blocks       Used  Available  Use%kvm-1:/dev/sda1                         487652      39978     422074    9%kvm-1:/dev/VolGroup/lv_root           17938864     712240   16308712    4%

• 显示虚拟机状态

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virt-topvirt-top 06:00:38 - x86_64 12/12CPU 1599MHz 15709MB2 domains, 2 active, 2 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 0 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0CPU: 0.0%  Mem: 4096 MB (4096 MB by guests)   ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM    TIME   NAME    1 R                      0.0  0.0   1:07.69 kvm-1    2 R                      0.0  0.0   1:05.70 kvm-2